Boyd Varty: What I learned from Nelson Mandela

翻译人员: Tingyu Qiu 校对人员: Samson Zhong

I'm a man who's trying to live from his heart,

此刻的我只想表达内心的感觉

所以在切入主题之前

and so just before I get going,

I wanted to tell you as a South African

身为南非人的我要告诉你们

that one of the men who has inspired me most

一位鼓舞我至深的人

passed away a few hours ago.

几小时前去世了

Nelson Mandela has come to the end

纳尔逊•曼德拉(Nelson Mandela)毕生为自由奋斗

of his long walk to freedom.

终告躹躬尽粹

And so this talk is going to be for him.

因此我以这场演说向他致敬

I grew up in wonder.

我的成长经历充满惊奇

I grew up amongst those animals.

从小就与动物相伴

I grew up in the wild eastern part of South Africa

因为我在南非东部的荒野中长大

at a place called Londolozi Game Reserve.

在一个叫伦多洛兹(Londolozi)的保育区

It's a place where my family has been

我们家在当地经营生态游猎

in the safari business for four generations.

已有四代之久

Now for as long as I can remember,

就我记忆所及

my job has been to take people out into nature,

我的工作就是带人走进大自然

and so I think it's a lovely twist of fate today

所以我觉得今天因缘际会

to have the opportunity

让我有机会

to bring some of my experiences out in nature

把我在大自然中的经验

in to this gathering.

在此分享

Africa is a place

非洲是一处

where people still sit under starlit skies

人们可在星空下

and around campfires and tell stories,

围坐篝火边讲故事的地方

and so what I have to share with you today

所以今天我要与各位分享的

is the simple medicine of a few campfire stories,

是几段简单的「围炉夜语」

stories about heroes of heart.

都与勇敢的好汉相关

Now my stories are not the stories

我要讲的故事

that you'll hear on the news,

不是新闻会播报的那种

and while it's true that Africa is a harsh place,

非洲确实是个艰困的地方

I also know it to be a place

但我也知道此处的

where people, animals and ecosystems

人类、 动物和生态系统

teach us about a more interconnected world.

让我们见识了更紧密相连的脉络

When I was nine years old,

我九岁的时候

President Mandela came to stay with my family.

曼德拉总统来我家住

He had just been released from his 27 years of incarceration,

那时他刚从27年的监禁中获释

and was in a period of readjustment

还无法完全适应自己

to his sudden global icon status.

突然变成全球注目的焦点

Members of the African National Congress

非洲民族议会的议员以为

thought that in the bush

在丛林中

he would have time to rest and recuperate

他会有休养生息的机会

away from the public eye,

摆脱众人的眼光

and it's true that lions tend to be

而狮群确能有效吓阻

a very good deterrent to press and paparazzi.

媒体和狗仔队

(Laughter)

（笑声）

But it was a defining time for me as a young boy.

对年幼的我来说,当时的影响至关重大

I would take him breakfast in bed,

我会送早餐到他床边，

and then, in an old track suit and slippers,

之后穿着旧运动服和拖鞋

he would go for a walk around the garden.

他会在花园里散步

At night, I would sit with my family

晚上，我和家人则围坐在

around the snowy, bunny-eared TV,

画面有杂纹的天线电视旁

and watch images of that same

花园里那个沉默的身影

quiet man from the garden

就是我们在电视上看到

surrounded by hundreds and thousands of people

那个被人海包围的人

as scenes from his release were broadcast nightly.

晚间播出的是他获释的镜头

He was bringing peace

那时他正以非凡的仁心

to a divided and violent South Africa,

为动荡分歧的南非

one man with an unbelievable sense of his humanity.

带来和平

Mandela said often that the gift of prison

曼德拉常说，坐牢的好处就是

was the ability to go within and to think,

有办法内省、思考

to create in himself

并在心中擘划

the things he most wanted for South Africa:

他最想为南非做的事情：

peace, reconciliation, harmony.

和平、 和解、 和谐

Through this act of immense open-heartedness,

透过这种极为宽厚的胸怀

he was to become the embodiment

他后来注定要成为

of what in South Africa we call "ubuntu."

南非当地所谓「ubuntu」的象征

Ubuntu: I am because of you.

意思是「是你造就了我!」

Or, people are not people

也可以说，若没有彼此

without other people.

人无法成就自己

It's not a new idea or value

这不是新的概念或价值观

but it's one that I certainly think at these times

却是我最近认为

is worth building on.

值得加以阐扬的理念

In fact, it is said that in the collective consciousness of Africa,

事实上有此一说，非洲人都相信

we get to experience the deepest parts

透过与他人的互动

of our own humanity

我们得以体认

through our interactions with others.

自己最深切的人性

Ubuntu is at play right now.

我们现场就体现了Ubuntu

You are holding a space for me

你们创造了这个场合

to express the deepest truth of who I am.

让我得以表达最真切的自己

Without you, I'm just a guy talking to an empty room,

没有各位，我不过是空房独语

and I spent a lot of time last week doing that,

尽管上礼拜我常这样做

and it's not the same as this.

但表现差多了!

(Laughter)

（笑声）

If Mandela was the national and international embodiment,

若国内和国际性的Ubuntu代表是曼德拉

then the man who taught me the most

那关于这种价值

about this value personally was this man,

教我最多的是这个人

Solly Mhlongo.

萨利 穆朗戈 (Solly Mhlongo)

Solly was born under a tree

萨利是在树下出生的

60 kilometers from where I grew up in Mozambique.

离我长大的莫桑比克的60 公里远

He would never have a lot of money,

他向来不怎么富裕

but he was to be

但我遇过最富足的人当中

one of the richest men I would ever meet.

他是其中一位

Solly grew up tending to his father's cattle.

萨利从小就为父亲照顾牛只

Now, I can tell you, I don't know what it is about people who grow up looking after cattle,

我无法体会自小放牧的生活

but it makes for über-resourcefulness.

但这种成长环境造就顶尖的本领

The first job that he ever got in the safari business

他在游猎这行的首份工作

was fixing the safari trucks.

是修理游猎车(safari trucks)

Where he had learned to do that out in the bush

至于在丛林长大的他怎么会这个

I have no idea, but he could do it.

我无从得知，但他确实能修理

He then moved across into what we called

后来他转行到我们所谓的

the habitat team.

栖地团队

These were the people on the reserve

也就是维持

who were responsible for its well-being.

保护区完善的一群人

He fixed roads, he mended wetlands,

他修整道路，复育湿地

he did some anti-poaching.

也参与防堵盗猎

And then one day we were out together,

有天我们一起出去

and he came across the tracks of where a female leopard had walked.

他看到一只雌豹

And it was an old track,

留下的旧足迹

but for fun he turned and he began to follow it,

为了好玩，他转身追踪

and I tell you, I could tell by the speed

我告诉你，从他循迹追踪的速度

at which he moved on those pad marks

我看得出来

that this man was a Ph.D.-level tracker.

这家伙是博士级的追踪者

If you drove past Solly

如果你在保护区开车

somewhere out on the reserve,

与萨利擦身而过

you look up in your rearview mirror,

抬头看一下后照镜

you'd see he'd stopped the car

就会发现他往前开20或50米

20, 50 meters down the road

就会停在路边

just in case you need help with something.

看看你有无不时之需

The only accusation I ever heard leveled at him

我所听过，针对他的唯一指控

was when one of our clients said,

就是我们的一位游客说:

"Solly, you are pathologically helpful."

「萨利，你乐于助人的毛病就是改不了!」

(Laughter)

（笑声）

When I started professionally guiding people

当我成为专业的

out into this environment,

本地导览员时

Solly was my tracker.

萨利是我的追踪者

We worked together as a team.

我俩团队合作

And the first guests we ever got

我们的第一批客人

were a philanthropy group from your East Coast,

是美东来的一个慈善团体

and they said to Solly, on the side, they said,

他们悄悄对萨利说：

"Before we even go out to see lions and leopards,

「在我们出去看狮子和猎豹前，

we want to see where you live."

我们想先看看你住的地方。」

So we took them up to his house,

所以我们就带他们去

and this visit of the philanthropist to his house

他们到萨利家拜访时，

coincided with a time when Solly's wife,

正好萨利的妻子

who was learning English,

在家学英语

was going through a phase where she would open the door

她正处于练习开门问候语的阶段:

by saying, "Hello, I love you.

「你好，我爱你。

Welcome, I love you." (Laughter)

欢迎，我爱你。」（笑声）

And there was something so beautifully African

在我看来，非洲的美在于

about it to me, this small house

住家虽小

with a huge heart in it.

但主人慷慨大气

Now on the day that Solly saved my life,

话说从救我的那天后

he was already my hero.

我就把萨利当英雄

It was a hot day,

那天很热

and we found ourselves down by the river.

我们在一条河边

Because of the heat, I took my shoes off,

由于太热，我脱掉鞋子

and I rolled up my pants,

卷起裤管

and I walked into the water.

走入水中

Solly remained on the bank.

萨利仍待在岸边

The water was clear running over sand,

清澈的河水流过沙滩

and we turned and we began to make our way upstream.

我们转身溯河而上

And a few meters ahead of us,

在前方几米处

there was a place where a tree had fallen out of the bank,

岸边有棵树倒落河滨

and its branches were touching the water,

枝干已没入水面

and it was shadowy.

形成一片阴影

And if had been a horror movie,

若是恐怖片

people in the audience would have started saying,

观众里会冒出这样的话：

"Don't go in there. Don't go in there." (Laughter)

「别去！不要啊!」（笑声）

And of course, the crocodile was in the shadows.

果然，暗处有鳄鱼藏身

Now the first thing that you notice when a crocodile hits you

被鳄鱼袭击的话，首先感到的

is the ferocity of the bite.

是牠凶残的撕咬

Wham! It hits me by my right leg.

一声巨响! 我感觉右腿被咬了

It pulls me. It turns. I throw my hand up. I'm able to grab a branch.

牠甩头拉扯，我一手攀住树干

It's shaking me violently.

这时鳄鱼也剧烈地摇晃我，

It's a very strange sensation

另一种生物想要吃你时

having another creature try and eat you,

那感觉难以言喻

and there are few things that promote vegetarianism like that.

若要提倡素食，很少有比这效果更好的!

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Solly on the bank sees that I'm in trouble.

岸上的萨利见我身陷险境

He turns. He begins to make his way to me.

急忙转身赶来救我

The croc again continues to shake me.

这时鳄鱼再度摆头摇晃

It goes to bite me a second time.

并咬我

I notice a slick of blood in the water around me

我发现河面一抹血迹

that gets washed downstream.

顺流而下

As it bites the second time, I kick.

鳄鱼再度咬我时，我踢了一下

My foot goes down its throat. It spits me out.

一脚深入鳄鱼喉咙，牠才松口

I pull myself up into the branches,

我攀上树枝

and as I come out of the water, I look over my shoulder.

离开水面后，我回头一看

My leg from the knee down

我被咬的那脚，膝盖以下

is mangled beyond description.

伤势惨不忍睹

The bone is cracked.

除了骨折

The meat is torn up.

肌肉组织也遭撕裂

I make an instant decision that I'll never look at that again.

我当机立断不要再看

As I come out of the water,

我离开水面时

Solly arrives at a deep section,

萨利也来到我们之间

a channel between us.

水位较深的地方

He knows, he sees the state of my leg,

他明白是怎么回事，包括我的腿伤

he knows that between him and I

也知道我们之间

there is a crocodile,

有一条鳄鱼

and I can tell you this man doesn't slow down for one second.

说来你也许不信，他毫不迟疑

He comes straight into the channel.

就直接进入深水区

He wades in to above his waist.

他涉水而来时，水位过腰

He gets to me. He grabs me.

接着到我身边抓住我

I'm still in a vulnerable position.

当时我仍在鳄鱼的攻击范围内

He picks me and puts me on his shoulder.

抱起我后，他把我背在肩上

This is the other thing about Solly, he's freakishly strong.

萨利的另一项特质就是极其强壮

He turns. He walks me up the bank.

他转身带我上岸

He lays me down. He pulls his shirt off.

放下我后，他脱下衬衫

He wraps it around my leg,

来包扎我的伤腿

picks me up a second time,

然后再把我抱起

walks me to a vehicle,

走到车上

and he's able to get me to medical attention.

并送我就医

And I survive.

我才大难不死

Now — (Applause)

（掌声）

Now I don't know how many people you know

我不知各位认识的人当中

that go into a deep channel of water

有多少即使知道水中有鳄鱼

that they know has a crocodile in it

仍愿冒险犯难

to come and help you,

去帮你一把

but for Solly, it was as natural as breathing.

但对萨利来说，这是稀松平常的道理

And he is one amazing example

他是我在非洲的经历中

of what I have experienced all over Africa.

一个令人惊异的榜样

In a more collective society,

在群体关系更紧密的社会中

we realize from the inside

人们打从心底明白

that our own well-being is deeply tied

彼此的幸福

to the well-being of others.

是密切相关的

Danger is shared. Pain is shared.

危险与痛苦一起承担

Joy is shared. Achievement is shared.

喜悦和成就也要共享

Houses are shared. Food is shared.

住所和食物也不例外

Ubuntu asks us to open our hearts

Ubuntu 就是要人敞开心房

and to share,

与人分享

and what Solly taught me that day

那天我从萨利身上学到的

is the essence of this value,

正是Ubuntu的本质

his animated, empathetic action

他行动间总是活力充沛

in every moment.

且善体人意

Now although the root word is about people,

虽然ubuntu的字根舆人有关

I thought that maybe ubuntu was only about people.

我也曾以为这是唯一的解释

And then I met this young lady.

直到我遇见这头

Her name was Elvis.

名叫猫王(Elvis)的母象

In fact, Solly gave her the name Elvis

事实上，萨利给她取这名字

because he said she walked like she was doing

据他说是因为她的步伐

the Elvis the pelvis dance.

就像猫王的扭臀舞

She was born with very badly deformed back legs and pelvis.

她的后腿和骨盆先天严重变形

She arrived at our reserve from a reserve

是从我们这个保护区的东边

east of us on her migratory route.

另一个在她迁徙路径上的保护区来的

When I first saw her,

我第一次看到这头母象

I thought she would be dead in a matter of days.

一度认为她来日无多

And yet, for the next five years

然而，往后的五年

she returned in the winter months.

她都会在冬季回来

And we would be so excited to be out in the bush

那时我们会因为在野外发现

and to come across this unusual track.

她与众不同的足迹而兴奋不已

It looked like an inverted bracket,

那足迹像是反向的括号

and we would drop whatever we were doing and we would follow,

这时我们定会放下手边的事

and then we would come around the corner,

前往她和所属象群

and there she would be with her herd.

所在的地方

And that outpouring of emotion

游猎车上的人看到「猫王」时

from people on our safari trucks

都洋溢着感情

as they saw her, it was this sense of kinship.

就是这种亲切感

And it reminded me

提醒了我一件事

that even people who grow up in cities

即使是在城市长大的人

feel a natural connection

对自然界及其中的生物

with the natural world and with animals.

仍会本能地感到亲切

And yet still I remained amazed that she was surviving.

直到那时我仍很讶异她能活下来

And then one day we came across them at this small water hole.

有天我们在这小水塘边遇到该象群

It was sort of a hollow in the ground.

那水塘陷入地表

And I watched as the matriarch drank,

为首的母象喝水时，我在旁看着

and then she turned in that beautiful slow motion of elephants,

然后她以大象优雅缓慢的动作转身

looks like the arm in motion,

摆动的象鼻宛如挥舞的手臂

and she began to make her way up the steep bank.

只见她奋力爬上陡峭的边坡

The rest of the herd turned and began to follow.

其他成员也转身跟进

And I watched young Elvis

我注视着年纪尙轻的「猫王」

begin to psych herself up for the hill.

开始为爬坡作好准备

She got visibly -- ears came forward,

她双耳明显前翻

she had a full go of it and halfway up,

奋力一试，爬至半途

her legs gave way, and she fell backwards.

腿力不济，又滑了下来。

She attempted it a second time,

于是她再试一次

and again, halfway up, she fell backwards.

但也是无功而返

And on the third attempt,

就在她第三度尝试时

an amazing thing happened.

不可思议的事发生了

Halfway up the bank,

就在她爬到半途时

a young teenage elephant came in behind her,

一只年轻的大象来到她身后

and he propped his trunk underneath her,

用象鼻托住她

and he began to shovel her up the bank.

然后把她送上岸

And it occurred to me

我还想到一件事

that the rest of the herd

就是其他象群成员

was in fact looking after this young elephant.

其实也在照顾「猫王」

The next day I watched again

隔天我又观察到

as the matriarch broke a branch

带头的母象折了一根树枝

and she would put it in her mouth,

放进嘴里后

and then she would break a second one

会再折一枝

and drop it on the ground.

扔在地上

And a consensus developed between all of us

我们那里的向导

who were guiding people in that area

一致认为

that that herd was in fact moving slower

象群为顾及这头小母象

to accommodate that elephant.

实际上减缓了行进速度

What Elvis and the herd taught me

我从牠们身上得到的领悟

caused me to expand my definition of ubuntu,

让我对ubuntu有更广泛的定义

and I believe that in the cathedral of the wild,

我相信在神圣的荒野中

we get to see the most beautiful parts of ourselves

我们会有机会

reflected back at us.

看见自己最良善的特质

And it is not only through other people

透过他人

that we get to experience our humanity

我们可体认自身的人性

but through all the creatures that live on this planet.

但所有地球生物也能让我们有此体悟

If Africa has a gift to share,

如果非洲有值得分享的地方

it's a gift of a more collective society.

那就是更紧密共荣的社会

And while it's true that ubuntu is an African idea,

Ubuntu 确实是非洲的价值观

what I see is the essence of that value

但我目睹这个价值的精髓

being invented here.

在此形成

Thank you.

谢谢大家

(Applause)

（掌声）

Pat Mitchell: So Boyd,

帕特 • 米切尔(Pat Mitchell)： 博伊德(Boyd)

we know that you knew President Mandela

我们知道你自小

from early childhood

就认识曼德拉总统

and that you heard the news as we all did today,

今天你我都听到了那条新闻

and deeply distraught

大家同样深感难过又茫然

and know the tragic loss that it is to the world.

明白这对世界而言是一大损失

But I just wondered if you wanted

但我想知道你是否

to share any additional thoughts,

还有其他要说的?

because we know that you heard that news

因为我们知道你在演讲前

just before coming in to do this session.

才听到噩耗

Boyd Varty: Well thanks, Pat.

博伊德•瓦提(Boyd Varty)：帕特

I'm so happy because it was time for him to pass on.

我很庆幸他终于解脱

He was suffering.

毕竟他受尽折磨

And so of course there's the mixed emotions.

不用说我也是五味杂陈

But I just think of so many occurrences

但我回想起无数情景

like the time he went on the Oprah show

比如当他上奥普拉(Oprah)的谈话秀

and asked her what the show would be about.

还问她该集节目内容

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And she was like, "Well, it'll be about you."

奥普拉回答:「会跟你有关!」

I mean, that's just incredible humility.

我的意思是这问题多谦卑!

(Laughter)

（笑声）

He was the father of our nation

他是南非国父

and we've got a road to walk in South Africa.

而南非未来的路还很长

And everything, they used to call it Madiba magic.

南非人曾称诸如此类的事叫「曼德拉奇迹」

You know, he used to go to a rugby match and we would win.

他去看橄榄球比赛我们就赢了

Anywhere he went, things went well.

他所到之处，万事如意

But I think that magic will be with us,

但我相信这奇迹将长伴我们

and the important thing is that we carry

最重要的是

what he stood for.

我们都背负他所坚持的信念

And so that's what I'm going to try and do,

那不仅是我要尝试的

and that's what people all over South Africa are trying to do.

也是全体南非人想要做的

PM: And that's what you've done today. BV: Oh, thank you.

帕特:你今天就做到了! 博伊德::喔,谢谢你!

PM: Thank you. BV: Thank you. Thanks very much.

帕特： 谢谢你。 博伊德：非常感谢你。感激不尽!

(Applause)

（掌声）