Boyd Varty: What I learned from Nelson Mandela

譯者: Marssi Draw 審譯者: Geoff Chen

I'm a man who's trying to live from his heart,

我是一個想要用心生活的人，

and so just before I get going,

因此在開始之前，

I wanted to tell you as a South African

我想以南非人的身分，告訴你，

that one of the men who has inspired me most

一位曾經帶給我最多啟發的人

passed away a few hours ago.

數小時前過世了。

Nelson Mandela has come to the end

納爾遜．曼德拉已結束

of his long walk to freedom.

為自由奮戰的漫長旅程。

And so this talk is going to be for him.

因此，這則演說將用來向他致敬。

I grew up in wonder.

我在驚奇中長大。

I grew up amongst those animals.

我在那群動物之中長大。

I grew up in the wild eastern part of South Africa

我在南非東部荒野中的

at a place called Londolozi Game Reserve.

倫多洛里野生動物保護區長大。

It's a place where my family has been

那是我連續四代家族

in the safari business for four generations.

經營野遊旅行事業的地方。

Now for as long as I can remember,

在我記憶所及，

my job has been to take people out into nature,

我的工作一直是帶著人們走進大自然，

and so I think it's a lovely twist of fate today

因此我想今天 是美好的命運轉折

to have the opportunity

讓我有機會

to bring some of my experiences out in nature

把我的經驗帶出自然，

in to this gathering.

在這場聚會中分享。

Africa is a place

非洲是一個

where people still sit under starlit skies

人們仍會坐在星光閃耀的星空下

and around campfires and tell stories,

圍著營火說故事的地方，

and so what I have to share with you today

而今天我必須和大家分享的是

is the simple medicine of a few campfire stories,

一些營火晚會的小妙方，

stories about heroes of heart.

關於英雄精神的故事。

Now my stories are not the stories

現在我要告訴你的不是

that you'll hear on the news,

你會在新聞上聽到的故事。

and while it's true that Africa is a harsh place,

雖然非洲環境嚴峻，

I also know it to be a place

我也知道那是個

where people, animals and ecosystems

人們、動物和生態在其中

teach us about a more interconnected world.

教導我們一個更加相互連結的世界。

When I was nine years old,

在我九歲的時候，

President Mandela came to stay with my family.

曼德拉總統曾暫住我家。

He had just been released from his 27 years of incarceration,

他才剛從 27 年的牢刑中被釋放，

and was in a period of readjustment

正處於重新適應

to his sudden global icon status.

世界精神領袖地位的期間。

Members of the African National Congress

非洲國民大會的議員

thought that in the bush

認為他在叢林中

he would have time to rest and recuperate

能有休養復原的時間，

away from the public eye,

遠離大眾關注，

and it's true that lions tend to be

而且獅子真的能擔任

a very good deterrent to press and paparazzi.

壓制狗仔隊的極佳震懾角色。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

But it was a defining time for me as a young boy.

但對身為青少年的我來說， 這是關鍵的時刻。

I would take him breakfast in bed,

我會拿早餐到他床前，

and then, in an old track suit and slippers,

然後，他會穿上老舊的運動服與便鞋

he would go for a walk around the garden.

在花園中散步。

At night, I would sit with my family

晚上，我會和家人一起圍坐在

around the snowy, bunny-eared TV,

雜訊干擾的天線電視機前，

and watch images of that same

看著和花園裡的同一位

quiet man from the garden

安靜男士在畫面中

surrounded by hundreds and thousands of people

被成千上萬人圍繞著，

as scenes from his release were broadcast nightly.

每夜都會播送他被釋放的場景。

He was bringing peace

他為分裂與暴力的南非

to a divided and violent South Africa,

帶來和平，

one man with an unbelievable sense of his humanity.

一位身懷不可思議特質的男士。

Mandela said often that the gift of prison

曼德拉常說監獄的禮物

was the ability to go within and to think,

就是有深入思考的能力，

to create in himself

把最想奉獻給南非的精神

the things he most wanted for South Africa:

建立在自身上：

peace, reconciliation, harmony.

和平、和解、融洽。

Through this act of immense open-heartedness,

透過這個心胸極為寬大的舉動，

he was to become the embodiment

他已成為

of what in South Africa we call "ubuntu."

我們在南非稱 「烏邦圖」(ubuntu) 的化身。

Ubuntu: I am because of you.

烏邦圖：你造就了我。

Or, people are not people

或是說，沒有其他人，

without other people.

我們就無法成為自己。

It's not a new idea or value

這不是新的想法或價值觀，

but it's one that I certainly think at these times

但卻是我在這些日子裡 深信值得建立的想法或價值觀。

is worth building on.

In fact, it is said that in the collective consciousness of Africa,

事實上，在非洲的集體意識中， 有一個說法是

we get to experience the deepest parts

我們要體認到自我人性 最深切的部分

of our own humanity

through our interactions with others.

必須透過與他人互動。

Ubuntu is at play right now.

烏邦圖正是如此。

You are holding a space for me

你為我保留一個空間，

to express the deepest truth of who I am.

讓我表達最深切、真實的自我。

Without you, I'm just a guy talking to an empty room,

沒有你，我只是一個 在空房子裡說話的人，

and I spent a lot of time last week doing that,

我上星期花了很多時間這麼做，

and it's not the same as this.

但現在完全不一樣。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

If Mandela was the national and international embodiment,

如果曼德拉是我國和國際的化身，

then the man who taught me the most

而親自教導我

about this value personally was this man,

這個價值觀的人是這位男士

Solly Mhlongo.

索利．梅朗高 (Solly Mhlongo)。

Solly was born under a tree

索利在樹下出生，

60 kilometers from where I grew up in Mozambique.

距離我長大的莫三比亞有 60 公里遠。

He would never have a lot of money,

他一向沒什麼錢，

but he was to be

但他是

one of the richest men I would ever meet.

我認識最富有的人之一。

Solly grew up tending to his father's cattle.

索利在成長的過程中要幫忙父親養牛。

Now, I can tell you, I don't know what it is about people who grow up looking after cattle,

其實我不知道 從小養牛長大是什麼樣子，

but it makes for über-resourcefulness.

但那會造就足智多謀的特質。

The first job that he ever got in the safari business

他在野遊旅行業 做的第一項工作

was fixing the safari trucks.

是修理越野車。

Where he had learned to do that out in the bush

他是在叢林裡的哪個地方學會這件事

I have no idea, but he could do it.

我毫無頭緒，但他就是辦得到。

He then moved across into what we called

後來他就換到

the habitat team.

棲地團隊。

These were the people on the reserve

這些人負責保護棲地，

who were responsible for its well-being.

讓它生長良好。

He fixed roads, he mended wetlands,

他修理道路、改善濕地，

he did some anti-poaching.

和做一些反獵補的工作。

And then one day we were out together,

後來有天我們一起出去，

and he came across the tracks of where a female leopard had walked.

他碰巧看到母豹剛走過的足跡，

And it was an old track,

那是條狹小的古道，

but for fun he turned and he began to follow it,

出於好玩，他回過頭開始跟蹤豹，

and I tell you, I could tell by the speed

我告訴你，

at which he moved on those pad marks

從他跟著腳印的車速就可以知道

that this man was a Ph.D.-level tracker.

這個人是博士級的跟蹤大師。

If you drove past Solly

如果你在棲地以外的地方

somewhere out on the reserve,

開車經過索利，

you look up in your rearview mirror,

抬頭看後照鏡，

you'd see he'd stopped the car

你會以為他把車停在

20, 50 meters down the road

20、50 公尺遠的路上，

just in case you need help with something.

以防萬一你可能需要他幫點忙。

The only accusation I ever heard leveled at him

我唯一聽過針對他的指控

was when one of our clients said,

是有位客人說：

"Solly, you are pathologically helpful."

「索利，你好用的讓人毛骨悚然。」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

When I started professionally guiding people

當我現始當專業導遊

out into this environment,

帶領人群進入這個環境時，

Solly was my tracker.

索利是我的雷達。

We worked together as a team.

我們是工作團隊。

And the first guests we ever got

我們第一組接到的客人

were a philanthropy group from your East Coast,

是一群從美國東岸來的慈善家，

and they said to Solly, on the side, they said,

他們在路上對索利說：

"Before we even go out to see lions and leopards,

「在我們出去看獅子和豹之前，

we want to see where you live."

我們想看看你住的地方。」

So we took them up to his house,

後來我們就帶他們到索利家，

and this visit of the philanthropist to his house

這趟慈善家訪視之旅

coincided with a time when Solly's wife,

剛好是在索利的老婆

who was learning English,

學英文的時候，

was going through a phase where she would open the door

她正學到打開門要說：

by saying, "Hello, I love you.

「你好，我愛你。

Welcome, I love you." (Laughter)

歡迎光臨，我愛你。」 （笑聲）

And there was something so beautifully African

對我來說，非洲人最美的一面就是

about it to me, this small house

這個小房子裡

with a huge heart in it.

住著很大的心。

Now on the day that Solly saved my life,

從索利救我一命的那天開始，

he was already my hero.

他就成了我心目中的英雄。

It was a hot day,

那天很熱，

and we found ourselves down by the river.

我們發現自己身在河邊，

Because of the heat, I took my shoes off,

暑氣逼人，我脫下鞋，

and I rolled up my pants,

捲起長褲

and I walked into the water.

走進河水中，

Solly remained on the bank.

索利留在岸邊。

The water was clear running over sand,

清澈的河水流過沙地，

and we turned and we began to make our way upstream.

我們轉向往上游走。

And a few meters ahead of us,

在前方幾公尺遠處，

there was a place where a tree had fallen out of the bank,

岸邊有棵樹倒向河中，

and its branches were touching the water,

枝幹接觸水面，

and it was shadowy.

形成一處陰影。

And if had been a horror movie,

如果你看過恐怖電影，

people in the audience would have started saying,

觀眾會開始七嘴八舌說：

"Don't go in there. Don't go in there." (Laughter)

「別過去那，別過去那。」 （笑聲）

And of course, the crocodile was in the shadows.

想當然爾，鱷魚藏在陰影裡。

Now the first thing that you notice when a crocodile hits you

當鱷魚攻擊你時， 你會先注意到

is the ferocity of the bite.

被兇殘咬下的那一口。

Wham! It hits me by my right leg.

嘩！牠咬了我的右腳。

It pulls me. It turns. I throw my hand up. I'm able to grab a branch.

牠拉住我、旋轉。 我舉起雙手，還能抓到樹幹。

It's shaking me violently.

牠兇暴地搖晃著我。

It's a very strange sensation

面對另一種打算要吃掉你的生物

having another creature try and eat you,

有種很奇怪的感覺，

and there are few things that promote vegetarianism like that.

大概是這種原因讓某些人想吃素。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Solly on the bank sees that I'm in trouble.

索利在岸上看到我陷入困境，

He turns. He begins to make his way to me.

他轉身，開始朝我而來。

The croc again continues to shake me.

鱷魚再次搖晃我，

It goes to bite me a second time.

牠打算再咬我一口。

I notice a slick of blood in the water around me

我注意到身旁的河水裡有血，

that gets washed downstream.

染紅了下游。

As it bites the second time, I kick.

牠再次張嘴咬時，我踢牠，

My foot goes down its throat. It spits me out.

腳踩進牠的喉嚨裡， 牠把我吐出來。

I pull myself up into the branches,

我把自己的身體往上拉到樹枝上，

and as I come out of the water, I look over my shoulder.

離開水面時，我往身後看，

My leg from the knee down

我的膝蓋以下

is mangled beyond description.

慘不忍睹，

The bone is cracked.

骨頭碎了，

The meat is torn up.

肉被撕裂。

I make an instant decision that I'll never look at that again.

我馬上決定絕不再看第二眼。

As I come out of the water,

我離開水面後，

Solly arrives at a deep section,

索利站在

a channel between us.

我和鱷魚之間的深水處。

He knows, he sees the state of my leg,

他看到我的腳傷，

he knows that between him and I

知道我和他之間

there is a crocodile,

有一隻鱷魚，

and I can tell you this man doesn't slow down for one second.

我跟你說，這位男士一秒也沒遲疑，

He comes straight into the channel.

在水中筆直走向我，

He wades in to above his waist.

水深及腰，

He gets to me. He grabs me.

他一把抓起我。

I'm still in a vulnerable position.

我還在極易受傷的位置，

He picks me and puts me on his shoulder.

他把我扛上肩。

This is the other thing about Solly, he's freakishly strong.

這是索利的另一個特點， 他壯得嚇人。

He turns. He walks me up the bank.

他轉身，帶著我走上岸，

He lays me down. He pulls his shirt off.

放下我後，索利脫掉身上的衣服

He wraps it around my leg,

纏上我的腳，

picks me up a second time,

再次扛起我

walks me to a vehicle,

走向車子，

and he's able to get me to medical attention.

為我做醫療照護。

And I survive.

我活下來了。

Now — (Applause)

（掌聲）

Now I don't know how many people you know

我不知道你們認識的人之中，有多少位

that go into a deep channel of water

願意走下深溝，

that they know has a crocodile in it

而且他們知道裡面有隻鱷魚

to come and help you,

還願意來救你，

but for Solly, it was as natural as breathing.

但是對索利來說，那就像呼吸一樣自然。

And he is one amazing example

我在整個非洲的經歷中，

of what I have experienced all over Africa.

他是其中一個驚人例子。

In a more collective society,

在更聚合型的社會中，

we realize from the inside

我們深刻了解

that our own well-being is deeply tied

自己的幸福與他人的幸福

to the well-being of others.

緊緊地繫在一起。

Danger is shared. Pain is shared.

分擔危險，分擔苦痛，

Joy is shared. Achievement is shared.

共享喜悅，共享榮耀，

Houses are shared. Food is shared.

分享房子，分享食物。

Ubuntu asks us to open our hearts

烏邦圖要我們打開心胸，

and to share,

樂於分享，

and what Solly taught me that day

索利在那天教我的

is the essence of this value,

就是這分價值的精髓，

his animated, empathetic action

他無時無刻展現出

in every moment.

生命力與熱情。

Now although the root word is about people,

雖然這個字根與人有關，

I thought that maybe ubuntu was only about people.

我原以為也許烏邦圖只和人有關。

And then I met this young lady.

後來，我碰到這位年輕女士。

Her name was Elvis.

她的名字是艾維斯（貓王）。

In fact, Solly gave her the name Elvis

其實索利幫牠取這個名字

because he said she walked like she was doing

是因為他說牠走路的時候就像是在跳

the Elvis the pelvis dance.

貓王的扭臀舞。

She was born with very badly deformed back legs and pelvis.

牠出生時雙腳和骨盆嚴重變形，

She arrived at our reserve from a reserve

牠從遷徒路途中的保護區 被送到我們這裡，

east of us on her migratory route.

就在我們東邊。

When I first saw her,

我第一次看到牠時，

I thought she would be dead in a matter of days.

心想過不了幾天牠就會死了。

And yet, for the next five years

可是五年之後

she returned in the winter months.

牠就返家過冬了。

And we would be so excited to be out in the bush

我們會很興奮的深入叢林，

and to come across this unusual track.

出現在這條特別的小徑上，

It looked like an inverted bracket,

牠看起來就像是一個反向括號，

and we would drop whatever we were doing and we would follow,

不管我們手邊在忙什麼， 都會放下一切跟著牠，

and then we would come around the corner,

接著我們會來到角落，

and there she would be with her herd.

牠就在那裡和象群在一起。

And that outpouring of emotion

看到牠的時候，

from people on our safari trucks

野遊車裡的人們

as they saw her, it was this sense of kinship.

流露出的情感，就是家人的感覺。

And it reminded me

牠提醒了我，

that even people who grow up in cities

即使是在城市長大的人

feel a natural connection

也會對大自然和動物

with the natural world and with animals.

自然而然地產生連結。

And yet still I remained amazed that she was surviving.

至今，牠能活下來依然讓我大為驚奇。

And then one day we came across them at this small water hole.

後來有一天，我們在 這個小水池裡碰到牠們，

It was sort of a hollow in the ground.

那有點像是地下坑洞。

And I watched as the matriarch drank,

在這位女性領導人喝水時，我看著牠，

and then she turned in that beautiful slow motion of elephants,

接著，牠在緩慢移動的 美麗象群中轉過身，

looks like the arm in motion,

看起來就像手臂正在移動，

and she began to make her way up the steep bank.

牠開始爬上陡坡。

The rest of the herd turned and began to follow.

其他象群也轉向跟隨牠。

And I watched young Elvis

我看著年輕的艾維斯

begin to psych herself up for the hill.

開始做好準備要爬上山坡。

She got visibly -- ears came forward,

顯然牠的耳朵向前，

she had a full go of it and halfway up,

全力衝刺向上到半途，

her legs gave way, and she fell backwards.

牠的腳支撐不住，讓牠向後退了。

She attempted it a second time,

牠嘗試第二次，

and again, halfway up, she fell backwards.

同樣的在半途牠向後跌坐。

And on the third attempt,

第三次嘗試，

an amazing thing happened.

神奇的事情發生了。

Halfway up the bank,

往岸上爬的半途中

a young teenage elephant came in behind her,

一隻壯象前來協助，

and he propped his trunk underneath her,

用鼻子撐起牠，

and he began to shovel her up the bank.

然後壯象開始把牠往岸上扔。

And it occurred to me

這件事提醒了我

that the rest of the herd

其他大象

was in fact looking after this young elephant.

其實一直在照顧這隻幼象。

The next day I watched again

隔天我再次看著牠，

as the matriarch broke a branch

這位女領導折斷樹枝，

and she would put it in her mouth,

放進嘴裡，

and then she would break a second one

然後再折斷一次，

and drop it on the ground.

丟在地上。

And a consensus developed between all of us

在這個區域導覽的我們

who were guiding people in that area

一致認為

that that herd was in fact moving slower

象群其實放慢速度

to accommodate that elephant.

讓這隻小象跟上腳步。

What Elvis and the herd taught me

而艾維斯和象群讓我了解

caused me to expand my definition of ubuntu,

也讓我對烏邦圖有更寬廣的定義，

and I believe that in the cathedral of the wild,

我相信在荒野的聖壇中，

we get to see the most beautiful parts of ourselves

我們會看見自己最美好的那個部分

reflected back at us.

回應我們。

And it is not only through other people

我們不只是要透過其他人

that we get to experience our humanity

感受自己人性的那一面，

but through all the creatures that live on this planet.

而是要透過所有生長在地球上的生物。

If Africa has a gift to share,

如果非洲有一份禮物能分享，

it's a gift of a more collective society.

那份禮物就是一個更加聚合的社會。

And while it's true that ubuntu is an African idea,

雖然烏邦圖是非洲的概念，

what I see is the essence of that value

而我看到的是那份價值觀的本質

being invented here.

也在此創造了。

Thank you.

謝謝！

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Pat Mitchell: So Boyd,

派特．蜜雪兒 (Pat Mitchell)： 鮑伊德，

we know that you knew President Mandela

我們知道你在很小的時候

from early childhood

就認識曼德拉總統，

and that you heard the news as we all did today,

你和我們同時在今天聽到這個消息，

and deeply distraught

心裡感到十分心煩意亂，

and know the tragic loss that it is to the world.

也了解這是全世界不幸的損失。

But I just wondered if you wanted

我好奇的是，你是否想

to share any additional thoughts,

分享一些想法，

because we know that you heard that news

因為我們知道你在這個階段開始前不久

just before coming in to do this session.

才聽到這個消息。

Boyd Varty: Well thanks, Pat.

鮑伊德：謝謝你，派特。

I'm so happy because it was time for him to pass on.

我替他感到高興，因為也該是時候了，

He was suffering.

他一直都在受苦。

And so of course there's the mixed emotions.

當然我有很複雜的情緒，

But I just think of so many occurrences

但是我想到很多發生過的事，

like the time he went on the Oprah show

像是有一次他上阿普拉秀

and asked her what the show would be about.

問她這個秀會跟什麼有關？

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And she was like, "Well, it'll be about you."

她就說：「嗯，會跟你有關。」

I mean, that's just incredible humility.

我的意思是，那是多麼 讓人難以置性的謙卑。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

He was the father of our nation

他是我國之父，

and we've got a road to walk in South Africa.

我們在南非還有一段路要走。

And everything, they used to call it Madiba magic.

每件事，大家都習慣稱為 「馬迪巴魔法」。

You know, he used to go to a rugby match and we would win.

你知道，他以前都會去參加橄欖球賽， 然後我們就會贏。

Anywhere he went, things went well.

不管他去哪裡，事情都會很順利。

But I think that magic will be with us,

但是我想這個魔法將會與我們同在，

and the important thing is that we carry

重要的是我們帶著

what he stood for.

他所象徵的意義。

And so that's what I'm going to try and do,

因此，我會嘗試這麼做，

and that's what people all over South Africa are trying to do.

全南非人也都會如此。

PM: And that's what you've done today. BV: Oh, thank you.

派特：那就是你今天完成的事。 鮑伊德：謝謝！

PM: Thank you. BV: Thank you. Thanks very much.

派特：謝謝。 鮑伊德：謝謝，非常感謝！

(Applause)

（掌聲）