Julian Treasure: Shh! Sound health in 8 steps

翻译人员: Weihua ZHANG 校对人员: He Wang

The Hindus say, "Nada brahma,"

印度人说：“Nada brahma”，

one translation of which is, "The world is sound."

意为“世界是健康的”（谐音：世界是充满声音的）

And in a way, that's true, because everything is vibrating.

这说的没错，因为一切事物都处于振动中。

In fact, all of you as you sit here right now are vibrating.

事实上，你们在座的各位都在振动。

Every part of your body is vibrating at different frequencies.

身体中的每一部分都在以不同的频率振动。

So you are, in fact, a chord --

所以，这些声音构成了一个和弦。

each of you an individual chord.

你们每个人都是一个独立的和弦。

One definition of health may be

健康的一种定义可能是

that that chord is in complete harmony.

这种和弦都保持一种和睦的状态。

Your ears can't hear that chord;

你的耳朵是听不到这种和弦的。

they can actually hear amazing things. Your ears can hear 10 octaves.

但它们却能听见10个八度音阶，这很惊人。

Incidentally, we see just one octave.

然而，我们只能看到一个八度音阶。

Your ears are always on -- you have no ear lids.

你的耳朵随时都是打开的，因为它们没有“盖子”。

They work even when you sleep.

即使在睡觉时，它们也在工作。

The smallest sound you can perceive

你能听到的最小的声音

moves your eardrum just four atomic diameters.

只会让耳膜振动4个原子直径（1个原子直径小于1纳米）

The loudest sound you can hear

而你能听到的最大声音

is a trillion times more powerful than that.

却是那个的一万亿倍。

Ears are made not for hearing,

耳朵不仅是为了听本身

but for listening.

而是为了专注、认真的倾听

Listening is an active skill,

认真倾听是一种主动技能

whereas hearing is passive, listening is something that we have to work at --

普通地听是被动的 而倾听却是要花功夫的

it's a relationship with sound.

倾听是处理声音与声音之间的关系

And yet it's a skill that none of us are taught.

也是一种与生俱来的能力

For example, have you ever considered that there are listening positions,

比如 你考虑过倾听也有不同的姿势

places you can listen from?

以便你接收声音吗

Here are two of them.

看以下两个例子

Reductive listening is listening "for."

删减性的倾听是有“选择”的听

It reduces everything down to what's relevant

它会只关注你想要知道的东西

and it discards everything that's not relevant.

而忽略无关紧要的内容

Men typically listen reductively.

男人通常会删减性的倾听

So he's saying, "I've got this problem."

比如一个人说：“我有个问题。”

He's saying, "Here's your solution. Thanks very much. Next."

另一个人说：“这是你的答案。多谢。下一位。”

That's the way we talk, right guys?

这就是我们谈话的方式，对吧，男士们？

Expansive listening, on the other hand,

而另外一种，扩展性的倾听

is listening "with," not listening "for."

是“无目的”，“无选择”的听

It's got no destination in mind --

你脑海里并没有明确的目标

it's just enjoying the journey.

而只是享受听的过程

Women typically listen expansively.

女人通常会扩展性的倾听

If you look at these two, eye contact, facing each other,

看看这两位，面对面，保持眼神交流

possibly both talking at the same time.

可能两人同时都在说话

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Men, if you get nothing else out of this talk,

男士们，如果你们谈话时觉得索然无味，

practice expansive listening,

试试扩展性的倾听，

and you can transform your relationships.

或许可以改善你们的关系。

The trouble with listening is that so much of what we hear

倾听的问题就是我们听到的许多声音

is noise, surrounding us all the time.

都是噪音，并且时刻侵扰着我们。

Noise like this, according to the European Union,

根据欧盟的统计，这种程度的噪音

is reducing the health and the quality of life

正在降低欧洲总人数的

of 25 percent

25%的人口的

of the population of Europe.

健康和生活质量。

Two percent of the population of Europe --

欧洲总人数的百分之二——

that's 16 million people --

就是1600万人

are having their sleep devastated

都被这样的噪音

by noise like that.

干扰睡眠。

Noise kills

每年，噪音

200,000 people a year in Europe.

都会夺去欧洲20万人的生命。

It's a really big problem.

这的确是个严重的问题。

Now, when you were little, if you had noise and you didn't want to hear it,

当你小时候听到噪音，并想摆脱它时，

you'd stick your fingers in your ears and hum.

你会捂住耳朵小声哼哼。

These days, you can do a similar thing, it just looks a bit cooler.

现在，你可以做类似的事情，看起来还更酷。

It looks a bit like this.

就是用这个。

The trouble with widespread headphone use

耳机的广泛使用带来的后果是

is it brings three really big health issues.

三大严重的健康问题。

The first really big health issue is a word that Murray Schafer coined:

第一大严重的健康问题，根据Murray Schafer的话说，就是

"schizophonia."

“幻听”

It's a dislocation

这是一种错乱，

between what you see and what you hear.

使你看到的和听到的并不一致。

So, we're inviting into our lives

所以，我们的生活中，

the voices of people who are not present with us.

就多了一些不在我们身边的人发出的声音。

I think there's something deeply unhealthy

我认为时时处于“幻听”中

about living all the time in schizophonia.

对健康十分不利。

The second problem that comes with headphone abuse

与滥用耳机相伴而来的第二个问题

is compression.

是压缩音乐。

We squash music to fit it into our pocket

我们压缩音乐，以便能装进口袋，

and there is a cost attached to this.

然而也付出了代价。

Listen to this -- this is an uncompressed piece of music.

听听这个，是一段没有压缩的音乐。

(Music)

（音乐）

And now the same piece of music with 98 percent of the data removed.

同样的一段音乐，但却少了98%的信息。

(Music)

（音乐）

I do hope that some of you at least

我希望至少有一部分人

can hear the difference between those two.

能听出其中的差别。

There is a cost of compression.

这就是压缩音乐的代价。

It makes you tired and irritable to have to make up all of that data.

为了补上丢失的信息，你很容易变得疲劳、烦躁。

You're having to imagine it.

你需要通过想象来弥补这个空白。

It's not good for you in the long run.

长期下去，会对健康不利。

The third problem with headphones is this: deafness --

滥用耳机带来的第三个问题是——耳聋

noise-induced hearing disorder.

即噪音导致的听觉紊乱。

Ten million Americans already have this for one reason or another,

1000万美国人已经因为各种原因换上了此症，

but really worryingly,

但最让人担心的是，

16 percent --

其中16%

roughly one in six -- of American teenagers

就是约每六个青少年中就有一个

suffer from noise-induced hearing disorder

因为滥用耳机

as a result of headphone abuse.

患上了噪音导致的听觉紊乱。

One study at an American university

美国一所大学的调查显示

found that 61 percent of college freshmen

61%大一新生

had damaged hearing

由于滥用耳机

as a result of headphone abuse.

听力有损伤

We may be raising an entire generation of deaf people.

我们正在培养的这一代人可能听力都有障碍。

Now that's a really serious problem.

这个问题的确很严峻。

I'll give you three quick tips to protect your ears

我来告诉你们三种简单的方法保护听力，

and pass these on to your children, please.

也请你们转告你们的孩子。

Professional hearing protectors are great;

专业的听力保护器是个不错的选择

I use some all the time.

我就经常使用

If you're going to use headphones, buy the best ones you can afford

如果你们要使用耳机 也请买你能付得起的最好的一种

because quality means you don't have to have it so loud.

因为质量好意味着音量不用太大

If you can't hear somebody talking to you in a loud voice,

如果别人大声跟你讲话 你都听不到的话

it's too loud.

你的音量就太大了

And thirdly, if you're in bad sound,

第三 当你听到噪音时

it's fine to put your fingers in your ears or just move away from it.

最好用手指护住耳朵 或者远离噪音

Protect your ears in that way.

请使用这些护耳的方法

Let's move away from bad sound and look at some friends that I urge you to seek out.

不谈噪音了 我们来谈谈一些你应该去寻求的好朋友

WWB:

风水鸟

Wind, water, birds --

风声 水声 鸟声

stochastic natural sounds

大自然的声音

composed of lots of individual random events,

它们都由各种不同的细节组成

all of it very healthy,

对健康十分有好处

all of it sound that we evolved to over the years.

因为都是我们进化过程中我们陪伴我们的声音

Seek those sounds out; they're good for you and so it this.

寻求这些声音吧 对你们有好处 还有这个

Silence is beautiful.

安静是美好的。

The Elizabethans described language

古人曾把语言比作

as decorated silence.

修饰过的安静

I urge you to move away from silence with intention

我建议你们刻意地远离安静

and to design soundscapes just like works of art.

去设计像艺术品一样的声音的图画

Have a foreground, a background, all in beautiful proportion.

有前景 有背景 并且比例协调

It's fun to get into designing with sound.

设计声音是很有趣的

If you can't do it yourself, get a professional to do it for you.

如果自己不会做的话 可以找专业人士帮忙

Sound design is the future,

声音设计就是未来

and I think it's the way we're going to change the way the world sounds.

也是一种方法让世界变得好听

I'm going to just run quickly through eight modalities,

我现在快速地向你们介绍八种方法

eight ways sound can improve health.

八种声音可以改善健康的方法

First, ultrasound: we're very familiar with it from physical therapy;

首先 超声波 我们都熟知它在物理疗法中的作用

it's also now being used to treat cancer.

它现在也被用于治疗癌症

Lithotripsy -- saving thousands of people a year from the scalpel

碎石术 每年可以拯救上千条生命

by pulverizing stones with high-intensity sound.

它利用高强度的声音粉碎结石

Sound healing is a wonderful modality.

声音治疗法也是不错的方法

It's been around for thousands of years.

它已经有上千年的历史

I do urge you to explore this.

我希望你们能关注它

There are great things being done there, treating now autism,

因为它做出了许多贡献 包括治疗孤独症

dementia and other conditions.

痴呆和其他病症

And music, of course. Just listening to music is good for you,

当然还有音乐 听音乐对你有好处

if it's music that's made with good intention,

如果它的创作动机是好的

made with love, generally.

是有爱的

Devotional music, good -- Mozart, good.

虔诚的音乐 不错 莫扎特 也不错

There are all sorts of types of music

有各种各样的音乐

that are very healthy.

十分利于健康

And four modalities where you need to take some action

还有四种方法需要你采取行动

and get involved.

参与其中

First of all, listen consciously.

首先 专心地听

I hope that that after this talk you'll be doing that.

我希望在我的讲话过后 你们就能去这样做

It's a whole new dimension to your life and it's wonderful to have that dimension.

这会是你们人生全新的、美好的一面

Secondly, get in touch with making some sound --

第二 试着自己弄出点声响

create sound.

创造声音

The voice is the instrument we all play,

声音是我们都会使用的乐器

and yet how many of us are trained in using our voice? Get trained;

但多少人接受训练 学会利用我们自己的声音？ 尝试训练一下吧。

learn to sing, learn to play an instrument.

学着歌唱 学习演奏一种乐器

Musicians have bigger brains -- it's true.

音乐家都有更发达的大脑 这话不假

You can do this in groups as well.

也可以尝试和大家一起这样做

It's a fantastic antidote to schizophonia;

和一大群人创造音乐

to make music and sound in a group of people,

是缓解幻听的非常好的办法

whichever style you enjoy particularly.

任何你喜欢的方式都是不错的

And let's take a stewarding role for the sound around us.

让我们主宰周围的声音

Protect your ears? Yes, absolutely.

保护听力 这是当然

Design soundscapes to be beautiful around you

不管在家里还是工作中 设计并创作出

at home and at work.

好听的声音

And let's start to speak up

当有人用我之前播过的噪音

when people are assailing us

来攻击我们的时候

with the noise that I played you early on.

让我们大声地给与它们还击

So I'm going to leave you with seven things you can do right now

因此 我告诉你们7件现在就可以做的事情

to improve your health with sound.

帮助改善你们的听觉健康

My vision is of a world that sounds beautiful

我的目标是使这个世界变得更加好听

and if we all start doing these things,

如果我们现在就开始做这些事的话

we will take a very big step in that direction.

我们就会迈出重要的一步

So I urge you to take that path.

所以我呼吁大家一同迈出这一步

I'm leaving you with a little more birdsong, which is very good for you.

我以一小段鸟的歌声来结束我的讲话 它对你们有好处

I wish you sound health.

祝大家听力健康

(Applause)

（掌声）