Sam Richards: A radical experiment in empathy

164,827 views ・ 2011-04-19

TED


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翻译人员: Chunxiang Qian 校对人员: Stephanie Zhou
我的学生常问我
00:16
My students often ask me, "What is sociology?"
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“什么是社会学?”
00:20
And I tell them it's the study of the way in which human beings are shaped
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我说,“社会学研究的是
人类是如何被
无形的东西所塑造。”
00:25
by things that they don't see.
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00:27
And they say, "So, how can I be a sociologist?
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然后他们问,“怎么才能成为社会学家?
00:31
How can I understand those invisible forces?"
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怎样才能理解那些看不见的力量?”
我说:“换位思考。”
00:34
And I say, "Empathy.
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00:35
Start with empathy.
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由此开始
00:37
It all begins with empathy.
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一切源自换位思考
00:40
Take yourself out of your shoes,
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从你自己的立场走出
00:42
put yourself into the shoes of another person."
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从别人的立场看问题
00:44
Here, I'll give you an example.
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举个例子
00:47
So I imagine my life if, a hundred years ago,
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我曾设想
如果一百年前
00:50
China had been the most powerful nation in the world
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中国成为了世界第一强国
00:53
and they came to the United States in search of coal.
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他们来了美国
搜寻煤矿
00:57
And they found it, and, in fact, they found lots of it right here.
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后来他们发现了,还发现了不少
01:00
And pretty soon, they began shipping that coal,
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他们就很快开始了运输那些煤
一吨又一吨
01:04
ton by ton,
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01:05
railcar by railcar, boatload by boatload,
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一车接一车 一船挨一船
运回中国和世界各地
01:09
back to China and elsewhere around the world.
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他们由此而发家
01:13
And they got fabulously wealthy in doing so.
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01:15
And they built beautiful cities
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他们靠着煤炭
01:17
all powered on that coal.
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建起了美丽的城市
01:22
And back here in the United States,
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然后回头看看美国
这里经济萧条不景气
01:26
we saw economic despair, deprivation.
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我看到了这些
01:28
This is what I saw.
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01:29
I saw people struggling to get by,
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人们勉强糊口度日
01:32
not knowing what was what and what was next.
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无助而没有未来
01:35
And I asked myself the question:
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然后就问问自己
“美国怎么变这么穷了?
01:38
How is it possible that we could be so poor here in the United States,
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煤炭是多么值钱的资源
01:41
because coal is such a wealthy resource; it's so much money?
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值这么多钱呢。”
然后我意识到
01:45
And I realize:
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01:46
because the Chinese ingratiated themselves
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是中国讨好了
01:49
with a small ruling class here in the United States,
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一小部分美国的统治阶级
01:52
who stole all of that money and all of that wealth for themselves.
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而这一小部分人得到了所有的好处
01:56
And the rest of us, the vast majority of us,
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其余的大部分人,我们大多数人
01:58
struggle to get by.
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都是挣扎糊口
02:00
And the Chinese gave this small ruling elite
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中国给这些统治阶级精英们
02:03
loads of military weapons and sophisticated technology
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大量的军备武器和尖端科技
以保证我们这样的普通民众
02:07
in order to ensure that people like me
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02:09
would not speak out against this relationship.
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不敢公然表示不满
02:13
Does this sound familiar?
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这个故事听着挺耳熟吧?
02:16
And they did things like train Americans to help protect the coal.
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然后他们就训练了一帮美国人
来保护煤矿
02:20
And everywhere, there were symbols of the Chinese --
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到处都是中国的标志-
02:23
everywhere, a constant reminder.
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遍布每一个角落
再说说中国
02:27
And back in China,
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中国人对此这么看呢?
02:29
what do they say in China?
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02:30
Nothing! They don't talk about us. They don't talk about the coal.
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只字不提。他们不谈论我们,不谈论煤矿
你要是问问中国人
02:34
If you ask them,
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02:35
they'll say, "Well, you know, we need the coal.
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他们会说:“这个,煤很重要啊,我们需要煤。
02:37
I mean, come on, I'm not going to turn down my thermostat.
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你可别指望我调低我家暖气的温度
那绝对不可能。”
02:41
You can't expect that."
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02:43
And so, I get angry, and I get pissed,
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于是我火了 气愤了
02:46
as do lots of average people.
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大多数人都会
我们就开始抗议 愈演愈烈
02:49
And we fight back, and it gets really ugly.
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02:51
And the Chinese respond in a very ugly way.
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中国的回应方式也很不友好
02:55
And before we know it, they send in the tanks
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我们还没回过神他们就把坦克派过来了
02:58
and they send in the troops.
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然后派来了军队
03:00
And lots of people are dying.
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很多人战死
03:02
And it's a very, very difficult situation.
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状况越来越糟
03:07
Can you imagine what you would feel
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你能换位思考
想象我的感受吗?
03:11
if you were in my shoes?
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你能想象走出大门
03:13
Can you imagine walking out of this building
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03:15
and seeing a tank sitting out there,
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见外面停了一辆坦克
03:17
or a truck full of soldiers?
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或者一卡车士兵?
想象你的感受
03:21
Just imagine what you would feel, because you know why they're here;
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你知道他们冲什么来,清楚他们的所为
03:24
you know what they're doing here.
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你肯定感到又气又悲了
03:26
And you just feel the anger and you feel the fear.
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03:29
If you can, that's empathy. That's empathy.
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如果你能感受到这一点-这就是换位思考了
03:32
You've left your shoes, and you've stood in mine.
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你从自己的立场转换到我的立场
你就能换位思考了
03:36
And you've got to feel that.
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这是个热身
03:38
OK, so that's the warm-up.
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只是热身
03:40
That's the warm-up.
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03:41
Now we're going to have the real radical experiment.
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现在我们就要开始
真正激进的试验
03:45
So, for the remainder of my talk, what I want you to do
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下面我希望你们
03:48
is put yourselves in the shoes of an ordinary Arab Muslim
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从一个
居住在中东的普通穆斯林的
03:53
living in the Middle East --
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角度出发
03:55
in particular, in Iraq.
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具体点,就是伊拉克
03:59
And so to help you,
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为了让你进入状态
04:01
perhaps you're a member of this middle-class family in Baghdad.
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假设你就来自一个住在巴格达的中产家庭
04:05
What you want is the best for your kids.
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你希望你的孩子有好的环境
04:08
You want your kids to have a better life.
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你希望孩子有更好的生活
04:10
And you watch the news, you pay attention.
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你看新闻关心时事
04:12
You read the newspaper, you go down to the coffee shop with your friends,
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你看报纸,和朋友去咖啡厅
阅读世界各地的报纸
04:16
you read the newspapers from around the world.
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有时候还看看卫星电视
04:18
Sometimes you even watch satellite, CNN, from the United States.
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美国的CNN
04:21
You have a sense of what the Americans are thinking.
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你大概知道美国人的一般观点
但是,你也就只是希望自己过得好点
04:24
But really, you just want a better life for yourself.
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那才是你想要的
04:27
That's what you want.
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04:28
You're Arab Muslim living in Iraq.
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你是住在伊拉克的阿拉伯穆斯林
你想过更好的生活
04:31
You want a better life for yourself.
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现在 让我帮你
04:33
So here, let me help you.
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04:34
Let me help you with some things that you might be thinking.
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让我来帮你整理一下
你的思绪
04:38
Number one:
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第一,在过去的二十年中
04:39
this incursion into your land these past 20 years and before --
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甚至更早,你的祖国遭受入侵
04:43
the reason anyone is interested in your land,
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是因为所有人,特别是美国人都盯住了
04:46
and particularly the United States, is oil.
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石油
04:48
It's all about oil; you know that, everybody knows that.
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根源就在石油 天下皆知
04:51
People back in the United States know it's about oil.
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美国人也知道是因为石油
04:54
It's because somebody else has a design for your resource.
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因为别人在打着
你的资源的算盘
04:59
It's your resource -- it's not somebody else's.
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这资源是你的不是别人的
05:02
It's your land; it's your resource.
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这是你的国土 你的资源
05:05
Somebody else has a design for it.
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有人动了心眼儿
他们为什么要打这个算盘?
05:08
And you know why they have a design?
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05:09
You know why they have their eyes set on it?
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他们为什么动这个心眼儿?
因为他们的经济体系
05:12
Because they have an entire economic system
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建于石油之上
05:14
that's dependent on that oil -- foreign oil,
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进口石油
05:17
oil from other parts of the world that they don't own.
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从别的国家抢过去的石油
05:20
And what else do you think about these people?
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你对这些人有什么想法
这些美国人真有钱
05:23
The Americans, they're rich.
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05:24
Come on, they live in big houses, they have big cars.
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住着大房子 开着好车
个个金发碧眼 快乐似神仙
05:27
They all have blond hair, blue eyes. They're happy.
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你这么想么,这不一定是真的
05:29
You think that. It's not true, of course, but that's the media impression.
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但这是媒体传递的印象,这是你听到看到的
05:33
And that's what you get.
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美国有大都市
05:34
And they have big cities,
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05:35
and the cities are all dependent on oil.
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这些大都市都依靠石油
05:39
And back home, what do you see?
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回了自家,看到是什么?
05:41
Poverty, despair, struggle.
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贫穷,绝望,挣扎
你的国家不富裕
05:44
Look, you don't live in a wealthy country.
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05:46
I mean -- this is Iraq.
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这是伊拉克
05:50
This is what you see.
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这是你每日所见
05:52
You see people struggling to get by.
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人们勉强糊口度日
过日子不容易,到处是贫困
05:55
It's not easy; you see a lot of poverty.
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对此你肯定有自己的想法
05:57
And you feel something about this.
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05:58
These people have designs for your resource,
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这些人盘算着你的资源
而这是他们的样子
06:01
and this is what you see?
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这些你谈论的话题
06:03
Something else you see that you talk about --
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美国人并不谈起
06:05
Americans don't talk about this, but you do --
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比如,世界的军事化
06:07
there's this thing, this militarization of the world,
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是以美国为中心
06:10
and it's centered right in the United States.
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而且美国的军费
06:12
And the United States is responsible
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占世界军费开支的
06:14
for almost one half of the world's military spending.
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二分之一
他们才有世界人口的四分之一
06:19
Four percent of the world's population!
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你每天都能看到感受到这些
06:21
And you feel it; you see it every day.
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这是你生活的一部分
06:24
It's part of your life.
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06:25
And you talk about it with your friends.
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你和朋友聊起这些
你读到这些东西
06:28
You read about it.
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06:29
And back when Saddam Hussein was in power,
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萨达姆・侯赛因当权的时候
06:33
the Americans didn't care about his crimes.
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美国人可没关心他的罪行
06:36
When he was gassing the Kurds and gassing Iran,
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他对库尔人和伊朗人用毒气的时候
他们可一声没吭
06:39
they didn't care about it.
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06:40
When oil was at stake,
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一旦出现了石油危机
06:42
somehow, suddenly, things mattered.
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美国人就突然开始大发慈悲
06:47
And what you see, something else:
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你就看到了
美国
06:50
the United States,
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06:51
the hub of democracy around the world --
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这个世界民主的中心
他们并不总是
06:54
they don't seem to really be supporting democratic countries
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世界各民主国家的后盾
06:57
all around the world.
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06:59
There are a lot of countries, oil-producing countries,
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很多产油国
07:02
that aren't very democratic, but supported by the United States.
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他们不民主,但这不妨碍美国支持他们
这就奇怪了
07:06
That's odd.
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07:07
Oh -- these incursions, these two wars,
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这么多次入侵,两次战争
07:10
the 10 years of sanctions,
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十年制裁
07:12
the eight years of occupation,
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八年占领
07:16
the insurgency that's been unleashed on your people,
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对人民发动的反叛
成百上千的
07:20
the tens of thousands, the hundreds of thousands
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07:22
of civilian deaths?
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平民死亡
只因石油
07:28
All because of oil.
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07:30
You can't help but think that.
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你无法不去想这些
07:32
You talk about it.
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谈起这些
07:34
It's in the forefront of your mind, always.
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在你脑中开始占据主要
07:37
You say, "How is that possible?"
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你说:“怎么能这样?”
07:40
And this man, he's everyman --
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这个人,他可以是任何人-
07:43
your grandfather, your uncle,
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你的祖父,你的叔叔,
你的父亲,你的儿子,
07:46
your father, your son, your neighbor,
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你的邻居,你的教授,你的学生
07:48
your professor, your student.
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07:50
Once a life of happiness and joy
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曾经有着幸福和快乐
07:53
and suddenly, pain and sorrow.
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都化为了悲伤和痛苦
你的国家的每一个人
07:57
Everyone in your country has been touched by the violence,
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都生活在暴力的阴影下
流血 痛苦
08:03
the bloodshed, the pain, the horror -- everybody.
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恐惧,笼罩每一个人
08:06
Not a single person in your country has not been touched.
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你的国家里
无一个人可置身事外
还有件事
08:12
But there's something else.
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08:13
There's something else about these people, these Americans who are there.
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在伊拉克的这些美国人
这些人还有个特征
08:17
There's something else about them that you see
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这个特征你看到了而他们没有意识到
08:20
that they don't see themselves.
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你发现了吗,他们是基督徒
08:21
And what do you see? They're Christians!
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08:23
They're Christians.
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他们是基督徒
08:25
They worship the Christian God, they have crosses, they carry Bibles.
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他们崇拜基督教之神,他们带着十字架和圣经
08:28
Their Bibles have a little insignia
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他们的圣经上有一个
写着“美军”的徽章
08:31
that says "US Army" on them.
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08:34
And their leaders, their leaders:
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他们的领导者
08:37
before they send their sons and daughters off to war in your country --
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在他们把他们的儿女
送上你的国家的战场-
而你深知原因-
08:42
and you know the reason --
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08:43
before they send them off,
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在他们出发之前
08:45
they go to a Christian church, and they pray to their Christian God,
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他们去教堂,向基督的神祈祷
祈求他们的神的指引和保护
08:48
and they ask for protection and guidance from that god.
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为什么?
08:51
Why?
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08:52
Well, obviously, when people die in the war,
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显然,战争肯定会死人
08:56
they are Muslims, they are Iraqis -- they're not Americans.
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死的是穆斯林,是伊拉克人-
他们不是美国人
他们可不希望美国人死,得祈求保护他们的军队
09:01
You don't want Americans to die -- "Protect Our Troops."
188
541245
2820
你会感受到这些-
09:04
And you feel something about that --
189
544089
2331
肯定会
09:06
of course you do.
190
546444
1203
09:07
And they do wonderful things.
191
547671
1927
美军做了些好事
09:09
You read about it, you hear about it.
192
549622
1814
你读到听说了
09:11
They're there to build schools and help people.
193
551460
2218
他们建造学校,帮助人们,这是他们想做的
09:13
That's what they want to do.
194
553702
1369
他们做了好事,但也做了坏事
09:15
They do wonderful things, but they also do the bad things,
195
555095
2768
你看不出区别
09:17
and you can't tell the difference.
196
557887
1635
当你看到一个像这个威廉姆・博金上尉的人
09:19
And this guy, you get a guy like Lt. Gen. William Boykin.
197
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2767
说你的神是虚假的
09:22
Here's a guy who says that your god is a false god.
198
562337
2497
09:24
Your god's an idol; his god is the true god.
199
564858
2078
你的神只是个偶像,他的神才是真正的神
09:26
The solution to the problem in the Middle East, according to him,
200
566960
3096
他的解决中东问题的方案
就是把你们所有人都变成基督徒-
09:30
is to convert you all to Christianity --
201
570080
1934
背弃你自己的宗教
09:32
just get rid of your religion.
202
572038
1456
09:33
And you know that. Americans don't read about this guy.
203
573960
2711
你知道这些 美国人不知道
他们对他一无所知,但你知道
09:36
They don't know anything about him, but you do.
204
576695
2241
09:38
You pass it around. You pass his words around.
205
578960
2191
你告诉别人他说的话
你十分害怕
09:41
I mean, this is serious. You're afraid.
206
581175
2572
09:43
He was one of the leading commanders in the second invasion of Iraq.
207
583771
3240
这个人是第二次对伊拉克入侵的一个指挥官
你想:“天啊,要是这个家伙这么想
09:47
And you're thinking, "My God, if this guy is saying that,
208
587035
2714
09:49
then all the soldiers must be saying that."
209
589773
2107
那他的手下肯定也都是这么想的。”
这个词
09:52
And this word here --
210
592372
1485
09:53
George Bush called this war a crusade.
211
593881
1913
乔治・布什称这场入侵为十字军东征
09:55
Man, the Americans, they're just like, "Ah, crusade.
212
595818
2478
美国人一听,“哦,圣战啊
管他呢。”
09:58
Whatever. I don't know what that means."
213
598320
1946
但你知道圣战意味着什么
10:00
You know what it means -- it's a holy war against Muslims.
214
600290
3025
这是对穆斯林的圣战
10:03
Look, invade, subdue them, take their resources.
215
603339
3829
看着吧,侵略了他们,降服他们,夺走他们的资源
不屈就杀
10:07
If they won't submit, kill them.
216
607192
1810
这就是圣战
10:09
That's what this is about.
217
609465
1351
10:10
And you're thinking, "My God, these Christians are coming to kill us."
218
610840
3628
你想,“天哪,这些基督徒要来取我们性命。”
这是多么可怕
10:14
This is frightening.
219
614492
1444
10:15
You feel frightened. Of course you feel frightened.
220
615960
2754
你吓坏了,肯定吓坏了
10:18
And this man, Terry Jones:
221
618738
2697
这个人,泰瑞・琼斯:
10:21
I mean here's a guy who wants to burn Qurans, right?
222
621459
2747
他要烧了所有的古兰经
美国人说:“他是个蠢货。
10:24
And the Americans: "Ah, he's a knucklehead.
223
624230
2653
他以前是个酒店经理,
10:26
He's a former hotel manager; he's got three dozen members of his church ..."
224
626907
3629
他的教堂只有三十来个人。”
他们付之一笑,你不会
10:30
They laugh him off.
225
630560
1167
10:31
You don't laugh him off, because in the context of everything else,
226
631751
3186
因为在那个环境下
这说辞十分有道理
10:34
all the pieces fit.
227
634961
1151
当然那只是美国人的想法
10:36
Of course this is how Americans think.
228
636136
1884
但在中东,不仅仅是你的国家
10:38
So people all over the Middle East, not just in your country,
229
638044
3003
都在抗议
10:41
are protesting.
230
641071
1156
“他要烧了我们的圣经古兰经
10:42
"He wants to burn Qurans, our holy book.
231
642251
1931
这些基督徒当他们是谁?
10:44
These Christians -- who are these Christians?
232
644206
2128
他们太邪恶卑鄙了-
10:46
They're so evil, they're so mean -- this is what they're about?"
233
646358
3415
这些人就是这样的。”
10:49
This is what you're thinking as an Arab Muslim,
234
649797
2615
这就是你作为一个阿拉伯穆斯林的想法
作为一个伊拉克人
10:52
as an Iraqi.
235
652436
1409
10:53
Of course you're going to think this.
236
653869
1977
你当然会这么想
10:55
And then your cousin says, "Hey coz, check out this website.
237
655870
3924
然后你堂兄弟说
“兄弟,看看这个网站
10:59
You've got to see this -- Bible Boot Camp.
238
659818
2274
圣经训练营
这些基督徒真是疯了
11:02
These Christians are nuts!
239
662116
1278
11:03
They're training their little kids to be soldiers for Jesus.
240
663418
2867
他们在训练自己的小孩成为上帝的士兵
11:06
They take little kids and run them through these things
241
666309
2585
他们把那些想法灌输给小孩子
11:08
till they teach them how to say, 'Sir! Yes, sir!'
242
668918
2302
让他们只会言听计从
还教他们怎么扔手榴弹和维护武器
11:11
and things like 'grenade toss' and 'weapons care and maintenance.'
243
671244
3112
然后继续看网站
11:14
And go to the website -- it says 'US Army' right on it.
244
674380
3032
上头写着”美国军队“
11:17
I mean, these Christians, they're nuts.
245
677436
1910
这些基督徒真是疯了,他们怎么能这么对待孩子?”
11:19
How can they do this to their little kids?"
246
679370
2010
你看着这个网站
11:21
And you're reading this website.
247
681404
1531
11:22
And of course, Christians in the United States, or anybody,
248
682959
2821
而美国的基督徒,或者随便谁
11:25
says, "This is some little church in the middle of nowhere."
249
685804
2881
只会说:“这是个荒唐名不见经传的小小教堂”
但你可不知道
11:28
You don't know that.
250
688709
1151
11:29
For you, this is like, all Christians.
251
689884
2409
对你来说这就代表了所有基督徒
11:32
It's all over the Web: "Bible Boot Camp."
252
692317
2302
网上铺天盖地都是,圣经训练营
11:34
And look at this.
253
694643
1329
再看看这个
11:36
They even teach their kids --
254
696417
1395
他们甚至教小孩子
11:37
they train them in the same way the US Marines train.
255
697836
2813
他们用美国海军陆战队的方法来训练小孩
这真是开了眼了
11:41
Isn't that interesting.
256
701167
1467
11:42
And it scares you, and it frightens you.
257
702658
2278
这吓坏你了
11:44
So these guys, you see them.
258
704960
1976
你看到这些人
11:46
You see, I, Sam Richards -- I know who these guys are.
259
706960
3184
我,山姆・理查茲,我知道这些人
他们是我的学生,我的朋友
11:50
They're my students, my friends; I know what they're thinking.
260
710168
2933
我知道他们在想什么,但你一无所知。
11:53
You don't know.
261
713125
1208
你看到他们
11:54
When you see them, they're something else.
262
714357
2545
就变成了别的什么
11:57
They're something else.
263
717686
1274
他们对你来说是这个
11:59
That's what they are to you.
264
719390
1736
在美国我们不这么看
12:02
We don't see it that way in the United States,
265
722168
2467
12:04
but you see it that way.
266
724659
1436
但是你会
12:09
So here.
267
729960
1167
那么
12:11
Of course, you've got it wrong.
268
731761
2032
当然,你意会错了
12:13
You're generalizing. It's wrong.
269
733817
2483
你一般化了你的推理,你错了
12:16
You don't understand the Americans.
270
736324
2287
你不了解美国人
12:18
It's not a Christian invasion.
271
738635
1680
这不是基督徒入侵
12:20
We're not just there for oil; we're there for lots of reasons.
272
740339
2973
我们取那儿不光为了石油,还有其他很多原因
你想错了
12:23
You have it wrong. You've missed it.
273
743336
2013
当然,很多人不支持武装暴动
12:25
And of course, most of you don't support the insurgency;
274
745373
2777
你并不支持杀掉美国人
12:28
you don't support killing Americans;
275
748174
1758
12:29
you don't support the terrorists.
276
749956
1980
也不支持恐怖分子
12:31
Of course you don't. Very few people do.
277
751960
1976
你当然不,很少有人支持暴力
12:33
But -- some of you do.
278
753960
2264
但有些人支持
这是一个看法
12:37
And this is a perspective.
279
757232
1422
12:39
OK. So now, here's what we're going to do.
280
759041
2732
好的,现在我们要做的
12:41
Step outside of your shoes that you're in right now,
281
761797
3961
就是放开
你现在的立场
12:45
and step back into your normal shoes.
282
765782
1790
回到你正常的角色中
12:47
So everyone's back in the room. OK?
283
767596
1975
大家都回到这个屋子来
激进的试验来了
12:50
Now here comes the radical experiment.
284
770525
1901
我们都回了家
12:52
So we're all back home.
285
772450
1357
这张照片,这个女人
12:54
This photo: this woman --
286
774476
2092
我能感受她的感受
12:56
man, I feel her.
287
776592
1873
我理解她
12:58
I feel her.
288
778489
1573
她是我的姐妹
13:00
She's my sister,
289
780086
1480
13:01
my wife, my cousin, my neighbor.
290
781590
3184
我的妻子,我的堂姐,我的邻居
13:04
She's anybody to me.
291
784798
1396
她是我周围的人
13:06
These guys standing there, everybody in the photo --
292
786218
2707
照片里的每一个人
13:08
I feel this photo, man.
293
788949
1717
我都能设身处地地理解他们
接下来我要你们做的
13:12
So here's what I want you to do.
294
792092
1635
13:13
Let's go back to my first example, of the Chinese.
295
793751
3052
就是回到第一个中国的例子
13:17
I want you to go there.
296
797760
1822
希望你想像一下
13:19
It's all about coal, and the Chinese are here in the United States.
297
799606
3230
中国人在美国攫取煤矿
13:22
What I want you to do is picture her
298
802860
1746
你们把她想像成一个中国女人
13:24
as a Chinese woman receiving a Chinese flag
299
804630
2928
她正在接收中国国旗
13:27
because her loved one has died in America in the coal uprising.
300
807582
4669
因为她爱的人在美国的煤矿起义中
死去了
13:32
And the soldiers are Chinese,
301
812872
1629
士兵都是中国人
13:34
and everybody else is Chinese.
302
814525
1875
其他也是中国人
13:36
As an American, how do you feel about this picture?
303
816880
3000
作为一个美国人,你对这样照片作何感想?
你怎么去看这个场景?
13:42
What do you think about that scene?
304
822190
1896
13:46
OK, try this. Bring it back.
305
826960
2522
好的 我们再回来
这个场景
13:49
This is the scene here.
306
829506
1430
13:50
It's an American, American soldiers,
307
830960
1866
一个美国人,美国士兵
13:52
American woman who lost her loved one in the Middle East,
308
832850
3055
一个在中东-伊拉克或阿富汗
失去了爱人的美国女人
13:55
in Iraq or Afghanistan.
309
835929
2203
现在把你自己
13:58
Now, put yourself in the shoes,
310
838156
1976
放回到
14:00
go back to the shoes of an Arab Muslim living in Iraq.
311
840156
3855
一个伊拉克的阿拉伯穆斯林角度去看
你对这张照片的
14:06
What are you feeling and thinking about this photo,
312
846265
4798
和这个女人
有何看法
14:11
about this woman?
313
851087
1813
好的
14:21
OK,
314
861261
1675
14:22
now follow me on this,
315
862960
1976
现在跟着我
14:24
because I'm taking a big risk here.
316
864960
2131
因为我在冒很大的险
我也邀请你和我一起冒险
14:27
And so I'm going to invite you to take a risk with me.
317
867115
2739
14:29
These gentlemen here, they're insurgents.
318
869878
1977
这两名男子,他们是叛乱分子
14:31
They were caught by the American soldiers, trying to kill Americans.
319
871879
4009
他们要杀美国士兵
被抓住了
14:35
And maybe they succeeded. Maybe they succeeded.
320
875912
3410
也许他们成功了,也许没有
把你自己想像成
14:39
Put yourself in the shoes of the Americans who caught them.
321
879346
4374
抓他们的士兵
14:44
Can you feel the rage?
322
884467
2080
你感到愤怒吗?
14:46
Can you feel that you just want to take these guys
323
886571
2382
你会想抓住他们
14:48
and wring their necks?
324
888977
1450
并扭断他们的脖子吗?
14:50
Can you go there?
325
890451
1250
你能做到吗?
14:52
It shouldn't be that difficult.
326
892595
1675
这并不会太难
14:54
You just -- oh, man.
327
894649
2949
你就是恨得牙痒痒
14:58
Now, put yourself in their shoes.
328
898534
5171
现在,假设你是叛乱者
他们是野蛮的杀手
15:06
Are they brutal killers
329
906031
1977
亦或是爱国者?
15:08
or patriotic defenders?
330
908032
1953
哪个?
15:11
Which one?
331
911961
1153
15:13
Can you feel their anger,
332
913751
3185
能感受到他们的愤怒
15:16
their fear,
333
916960
1431
恐惧
15:18
their rage
334
918415
1976
还有愤慨吗
对发生在他们国家的一切的怒火吗?
15:21
at what has happened in their country?
335
921084
2197
你能否想像
15:23
Can you imagine that maybe one of them, in the morning,
336
923305
4403
也许他们中的一个
15:27
bent down to their child and hugged their child
337
927732
3132
早上弯下身拥抱自己的孩子
15:30
and said, "Dear, I'll be back later.
338
930888
3977
说:“宝贝,待会儿见。
15:34
I'm going out to defend your freedom, your lives.
339
934889
3329
我要去保护你的自由,你的生命。
我去保护我们自己
15:38
I'm going out to look out for us,
340
938242
2473
15:41
the future of our country."
341
941729
1524
保护国家的未来。”
你能想象吗?
15:44
Can you imagine that?
342
944340
1297
15:45
Can you imagine saying that?
343
945661
1503
你能想象去说这些吗?
15:48
Can you go there?
344
948388
1416
能吗?
15:52
What do you think they're feeling?
345
952960
1735
你觉得他们是怎么想的
16:02
You see, that's empathy.
346
962983
1405
你看,这就是换位思考
也是理解
16:05
It's also understanding.
347
965142
1444
16:06
[understand]
348
966610
1628
现在你也许会问
16:08
Now, you might ask,
349
968262
1308
16:09
"OK, Sam, so why do you do this sort of thing?
350
969594
3267
“山姆,你这么干是为什么?
16:12
Why would you use this example of all examples?"
351
972885
2360
为什么要用这两个例子?”
我说,因为
16:15
And I say, because.
352
975269
2667
16:17
You're allowed to hate these people.
353
977960
1801
你可以憎恨这些人
16:19
You're allowed to just hate them with every fiber of your being.
354
979785
5151
你可以用全身每一点力气
去恨他们
16:24
And if I can get you to step into their shoes
355
984960
3777
如果我能让你们
设身处地
16:28
and walk an inch -- one tiny inch --
356
988761
3557
从他们的角度
做些许思考
那么假设你能把这样的社会学分析
16:33
then imagine the kind of sociological analysis
357
993140
2714
16:35
that you can do in all other aspects of your life.
358
995878
3618
运用到你生活的各方面
你就能做到更多
16:40
You can walk a mile
359
1000528
1408
16:41
when it comes to understanding why that person's driving 40 miles per hour
360
1001960
5071
如果你能理解
为什么那人以四十迈的速度
超车
16:47
in the passing lane;
361
1007055
1397
16:49
or your teenage son;
362
1009253
1671
或者你十来岁的儿子
16:51
or your neighbor who annoys you by cutting his lawn on Sunday mornings.
363
1011634
3643
或者你的邻居
在周日早上割草烦到了你
16:55
Whatever it is, you can go so far.
364
1015301
2856
不管是什么,你能运用换位思考
16:58
And this is what I tell my students:
365
1018761
2095
这就是我告诉学生的
17:00
step outside of your tiny, little world.
366
1020880
3492
走出你自己的小世界
17:04
Step inside of the tiny, little world of somebody else.
367
1024396
4512
走进别人的
小世界
不停地尝试
17:09
And then do it again
368
1029149
1441
17:10
and do it again and do it again.
369
1030614
1699
17:12
And suddenly, all these tiny, little worlds,
370
1032337
2109
最终这些小世界
17:14
they come together in this complex web.
371
1034470
2252
就会交织成一张大网
17:16
And they build a big, complex world.
372
1036746
3070
他们构成了一个巨大的复杂的世界
17:19
And suddenly, without realizing it,
373
1039840
2379
突然间,不知不觉中
世界在眼中就不同了
17:22
you're seeing the world differently.
374
1042243
2177
17:24
Everything has changed.
375
1044444
1763
一切都变了
17:26
Everything in your life has changed.
376
1046231
1743
你生命里的每一件事都变了
这当然是我的目的所在
17:29
And that's, of course, what this is about.
377
1049081
3073
关注别人的生活
17:32
Attend to other lives,
378
1052178
3122
别人的视角
17:35
other visions.
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1358
17:36
Listen to other people,
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倾听别人
启迪自我
17:39
enlighten ourselves.
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1845
17:41
I'm not saying that I support the terrorists in Iraq.
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我不是说
我支持伊拉克的恐怖分子
而是作为一名社会学家
17:46
But as a sociologist, what I am saying is:
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我是说
17:49
I understand.
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我能够理解
17:53
And now perhaps -- perhaps -- you do, too.
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也许,也许,现在你也可以了
谢谢
17:58
Thank you.
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17:59
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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