Sam Richards: A radical experiment in empathy

譯者: fang yangyang 審譯者: Yakun Li

我的學生經常問我，

My students often ask me, "What is sociology?"

「甚麼是社會學？」

And I tell them it's the study of the way in which human beings are shaped

我告訴他們，「它是研究

人類是如何

被自己看不見的東西所塑造的學科。」

by things that they don't see.

And they say, "So, how can I be a sociologist?

然後他們問：「那我要如何成為一個社會學家？

How can I understand those invisible forces?"

我如何理解那些看不見的力量？」

我就會回答說：「同理心，

And I say, "Empathy.

Start with empathy.

從同理心開始

It all begins with empathy.

一切源自同理心。

Take yourself out of your shoes,

從你自己固有的角落走出來，

put yourself into the shoes of another person."

從別人的角度來看問題。」

Here, I'll give you an example.

我來給你舉個例子。

So I imagine my life if, a hundred years ago,

我曾經設想，

如果一百年前，

China had been the most powerful nation in the world

當中國是世界上最強大的國家的時候，

and they came to the United States in search of coal.

他們來到美國

搜尋煤炭

And they found it, and, in fact, they found lots of it right here.

然後他們找到了，並且，他們找到很多。

And pretty soon, they began shipping that coal,

很快，他們開始運輸那些煤礦，

一噸又一噸，

ton by ton,

railcar by railcar, boatload by boatload,

一車又一車，一船又一船，

運回中國及世界其他地方。

back to China and elsewhere around the world.

他們因此變得非常富有。

And they got fabulously wealthy in doing so.

And they built beautiful cities

他們用煤炭作為能源動力，

all powered on that coal.

建造了美麗的城市。

And back here in the United States,

我們把視線轉回美國，

我們看到的是經濟蕭條破敗。

we saw economic despair, deprivation.

這是我看到的。

This is what I saw.

I saw people struggling to get by,

我看到人們掙扎着糊口，

not knowing what was what and what was next.

茫然無措，求助無門。

And I asked myself the question:

然後我就會問自己

「美國怎麼會變得這麼貧窮？

How is it possible that we could be so poor here in the United States,

因為我們的煤炭資源是這樣的有價值，

because coal is such a wealthy resource; it's so much money?

值很多錢。」

然後我意識到，

And I realize:

because the Chinese ingratiated themselves

原來是因為中國對於

with a small ruling class here in the United States,

美國小部分統治階層投其所好，

who stole all of that money and all of that wealth for themselves.

這小部分同志階層自己取得了這些煤炭帶來的財富。

And the rest of us, the vast majority of us,

其餘大部分美國人，我們這些普通人

struggle to get by.

掙扎着糊口。

And the Chinese gave this small ruling elite

中國給這些統治精英階層

loads of military weapons and sophisticated technology

大量的軍事武器和尖端科技，

以保證像我這樣的普通民眾

in order to ensure that people like me

would not speak out against this relationship.

不至於表達對於這種關係的反對意見。

Does this sound familiar?

這個故事是不是聽著很熟悉？

And they did things like train Americans to help protect the coal.

然後他們做了一些事，比如訓練美國人

幫忙保護煤礦。

And everywhere, there were symbols of the Chinese --

到處都是中國的印記——

everywhere, a constant reminder.

任何地方，不斷地提醒我們中國的存在。

我們再回到中國，

And back in China,

中國人都在談論什麼？

what do they say in China?

Nothing! They don't talk about us. They don't talk about the coal.

他們對此隻字不談。他們不談論美國。不談論煤礦。

如果你問中國人，

If you ask them,

they'll say, "Well, you know, we need the coal.

他們會說：「好吧，你知道煤礦的重要性，我們需要煤礦。

I mean, come on, I'm not going to turn down my thermostat.

我說，你別指望我調低我家暖氣的溫度。

別指望這會發生。」

You can't expect that."

And so, I get angry, and I get pissed,

於是我生氣了，我非常惱火，

as do lots of average people.

就像大多數普通人那樣。

然後我們開始抗議，情況變得很難堪。

And we fight back, and it gets really ugly.

And the Chinese respond in a very ugly way.

中國也以一種非常不友好的方式回應我們。

And before we know it, they send in the tanks

我們還沒反應過來，他們就已經派來坦克，

and they send in the troops.

之後由派進來軍隊，

And lots of people are dying.

很多人因此死去，

And it's a very, very difficult situation.

情況變得很難處理

Can you imagine what you would feel

如果你是我，你能想象

你會怎麼想嗎？

if you were in my shoes?

你能想象，當你走出這裡，

Can you imagine walking out of this building

and seeing a tank sitting out there,

看到一個坦克停在那兒

or a truck full of soldiers?

或者一大卡車士兵。

想象一下你會有甚麼感覺。

Just imagine what you would feel, because you know why they're here;

因為你知道這些士兵為甚麼來這兒，你也知道他們在這兒做甚麼。

you know what they're doing here.

然後你就感到憤怒和恐懼。

And you just feel the anger and you feel the fear.

If you can, that's empathy. That's empathy.

如果你能感覺到，這就說明你有同理心——這就是同理心。

You've left your shoes, and you've stood in mine.

你從自己的世界裡走出來，來以我的角度來看問題。

你已經感覺到了tonglixin。

And you've got to feel that.

好的，這是熱身。

OK, so that's the warm-up.

這只是熱身。

That's the warm-up.

Now we're going to have the real radical experiment.

現在我們將開始

真正激進的實驗。

So, for the remainder of my talk, what I want you to do

在下面的時間裡，我希望你們

is put yourselves in the shoes of an ordinary Arab Muslim

從一個

居住在中東的普通阿拉伯穆斯林

living in the Middle East --

的角度出發——

in particular, in Iraq.

具體點說就是伊拉克

And so to help you,

為了幫助你進入狀態，

perhaps you're a member of this middle-class family in Baghdad.

假設你是巴格達一個中產階級家庭的一員，

What you want is the best for your kids.

你希望給你的孩子們創造最好的環境。

You want your kids to have a better life.

你希望你的孩子過更好的生活。

And you watch the news, you pay attention.

平時你看新聞，關心大事。

You read the newspaper, you go down to the coffee shop with your friends,

你看報紙，你和朋友們去咖啡館，

讀世界各地的報紙。

you read the newspapers from around the world.

有時候你甚至看衛星電視，

Sometimes you even watch satellite, CNN, from the United States.

美國的CNN。

You have a sense of what the Americans are thinking.

你大致知道美國人在想什麼。

但是，說到底，你只是希望自己過得更好，

But really, you just want a better life for yourself.

那才是你想要的。

That's what you want.

You're Arab Muslim living in Iraq.

你是住在伊拉克的阿拉伯穆斯林，

你想過得更好。

You want a better life for yourself.

在這兒，我來幫你，

So here, let me help you.

Let me help you with some things that you might be thinking.

我來幫你梳理一下

你也許正在思考的問題。

Number one:

一：過去20年間，

this incursion into your land these past 20 years and before --

甚至更早，你的國土被入侵，

the reason anyone is interested in your land,

所有人，特別是美國，都對你的國土感興趣，

and particularly the United States, is oil.

其原因就是石油。

It's all about oil; you know that, everybody knows that.

都是因為石油；這是事實你知我知天下人都知道。

People back in the United States know it's about oil.

美國人也知道這是為了石油。

It's because somebody else has a design for your resource.

因為別人

在盤算你的資源

It's your resource -- it's not somebody else's.

這是你的資源，不是別人的。

It's your land; it's your resource.

這是你的國土，你的資源。

Somebody else has a design for it.

有人盤算着你的資源

你知道他們是為什麼盤算你的石油？

And you know why they have a design?

You know why they have their eyes set on it?

你知道他們為甚麼對此這麼感興趣？

因為他們的這個經濟

Because they have an entire economic system

依賴石油而存在——

that's dependent on that oil -- foreign oil,

並且是進口石油，

oil from other parts of the world that they don't own.

來自他們的國土之外的石油。

And what else do you think about these people?

關於這些人，你還想到甚麼？

這些美國人，他們很富有。

The Americans, they're rich.

Come on, they live in big houses, they have big cars.

拜託，他們住在大房子裡，他們有大汽車，

他們都是金髮碧眼，他們很幸福。

They all have blond hair, blue eyes. They're happy.

你會這麼想。當然這不是真的，

You think that. It's not true, of course, but that's the media impression.

但這是媒體給人的印象，這是他們所得到的信息。

And that's what you get.

美國有大城市，

And they have big cities,

and the cities are all dependent on oil.

這些大城市都依賴石油。

And back home, what do you see?

回到家裡，你看到甚麼？

Poverty, despair, struggle.

貧窮，絕望，掙扎。

看，你不住在一個富裕的國家。

Look, you don't live in a wealthy country.

I mean -- this is Iraq.

這是伊拉克，

This is what you see.

這是你看到，

You see people struggling to get by.

你看到人們掙扎求生。

沒錯，世事艱難，你也看到很多貧困現象，

It's not easy; you see a lot of poverty.

並且你對此有一些感觸。

And you feel something about this.

These people have designs for your resource,

這些人在盤算你的資源，

而你看到這些現狀。

and this is what you see?

你還看到一些其他你們在討論的東西——

Something else you see that you talk about --

美國人不討論這些，但是你們會。

Americans don't talk about this, but you do --

比如說，世界的軍國主義化，

there's this thing, this militarization of the world,

並且美國現在有保守化傾向。

and it's centered right in the United States.

並且美國

And the United States is responsible

的軍費佔世界各國總軍費開支的

for almost one half of the world's military spending.

二分之一——

他們僅有世界上百分之四的人口。

Four percent of the world's population!

你每天都能感覺到、看到這些情況，

And you feel it; you see it every day.

這是你生活的一部分。

It's part of your life.

And you talk about it with your friends.

你和朋友們談論這些，

你閱讀相關的內容。

You read about it.

And back when Saddam Hussein was in power,

當薩達姆.侯賽因當權的時候，

the Americans didn't care about his crimes.

美國不關心他的罪行。

When he was gassing the Kurds and gassing Iran,

當他用毒氣攻擊庫爾德人和伊朗時，

美國沒不關心這些。

they didn't care about it.

When oil was at stake,

當石油成為一個問題的時候，

somehow, suddenly, things mattered.

不知道為什麼，突然間事情變得對美國重要了。

And what you see, something else:

你看到了甚麼，別的一些東西，

美國，

the United States,

the hub of democracy around the world --

作為世界民主的中心，

他們似乎並不真的

they don't seem to really be supporting democratic countries

支持世界上的民主國家。

all around the world.

There are a lot of countries, oil-producing countries,

有好多這樣的國家，產油國，

that aren't very democratic, but supported by the United States.

他们不是非常民主，但美国支持他们。

这很奇怪。

That's odd.

Oh -- these incursions, these two wars,

哦，这些侵略，两次战争，

the 10 years of sanctions,

十年的制裁，

the eight years of occupation,

八年的佔領，

the insurgency that's been unleashed on your people,

由你自己的人民發動的叛亂，

成百上千的

the tens of thousands, the hundreds of thousands

of civilian deaths?

平民死亡，

都是因為石油。

All because of oil.

You can't help but think that.

你忍不住思考，

You talk about it.

和談論這些。

It's in the forefront of your mind, always.

它總是在你頭腦中佔據首要位置。

You say, "How is that possible?"

你說：“這怎麼可能？”

And this man, he's everyman --

然後這個人，他可以是任何人——

your grandfather, your uncle,

你祖父，你叔叔，

你父親，你兒子，

your father, your son, your neighbor,

你的鄰居，你的教授，你的學生。

your professor, your student.

Once a life of happiness and joy

曾經幸福快樂的生活，

and suddenly, pain and sorrow.

突然變成痛苦和悲傷。

你國家的每一個人

Everyone in your country has been touched by the violence,

都被動亂所影響，

流血，痛苦，

the bloodshed, the pain, the horror -- everybody.

恐懼，每個人都被影響。

Not a single person in your country has not been touched.

在你的國家裡，

沒有一個人不被影響。

還有

But there's something else.

There's something else about these people, these Americans who are there.

在伊拉克的這些美國人

還有別的一些問題

There's something else about them that you see

有一些你看到的而他們自己沒有意識到的問題。

that they don't see themselves.

你看到了什麼問題？問題就是，他們是基督徒，

And what do you see? They're Christians!

They're Christians.

他們是基督徒。

They worship the Christian God, they have crosses, they carry Bibles.

他們崇拜耶穌，他們有十字架，他們帶著聖經。

Their Bibles have a little insignia

他們的聖經上有一個

寫著「美國陸軍」的小徽章。

that says "US Army" on them.

And their leaders, their leaders:

他們的領導者，他們的領導者，

before they send their sons and daughters off to war in your country --

在他們送他們的兒子女兒們

上你們國家的戰場之前，

你知道其中的原由——

and you know the reason --

before they send them off,

在送他們出發前，

they go to a Christian church, and they pray to their Christian God,

他們去基督教堂，他們向耶穌祈禱，

他們祈求上帝的保護和指引。

and they ask for protection and guidance from that god.

為甚麼？

Why?

Well, obviously, when people die in the war,

很顯然，當人們在戰爭中死去時，

they are Muslims, they are Iraqis -- they're not Americans.

他們是穆斯林，他們是伊拉克人——

他們不是美國人。

你不希望美國人死。希望上帝保護我們的軍隊，

You don't want Americans to die -- "Protect Our Troops."

你感覺到這些了——

And you feel something about that --

裡所應當的。

of course you do.

And they do wonderful things.

美國軍隊做了一些好事，

You read about it, you hear about it.

你讀到了、聽到了關於這些事情的內容。

They're there to build schools and help people.

他們建造學校，並幫助那兒的人，這是他們想做的。

That's what they want to do.

他們做了好事，但他們也做壞事，

They do wonderful things, but they also do the bad things,

你看不出區別。

and you can't tell the difference.

當你看到一個像威廉姆.博伊金中將那樣的人，

And this guy, you get a guy like Lt. Gen. William Boykin.

一個說你的神是虛假的神。

Here's a guy who says that your god is a false god.

Your god's an idol; his god is the true god.

你的上帝是一個偶像，他的上帝才是真的。

The solution to the problem in the Middle East, according to him,

對他來說，解決中東問題的辦法，

就是把大家都變成基督徒——

is to convert you all to Christianity --

去處你的宗教。

just get rid of your religion.

And you know that. Americans don't read about this guy.

你知道這些。美國人不關心這個人。

他們對他一無所知，但是你知道。

They don't know anything about him, but you do.

You pass it around. You pass his words around.

你把它傳播給別人，你把他的話傳給周圍的人。

我是說真的。

I mean, this is serious. You're afraid.

He was one of the leading commanders in the second invasion of Iraq.

這個人是第二次入侵伊拉克時的其中一個指揮官。

你在想：「上帝啊，如果這個人這麼想，

And you're thinking, "My God, if this guy is saying that,

then all the soldiers must be saying that."

那他手下全體士兵都會這麼想的。」

還有一個詞，

And this word here --

George Bush called this war a crusade.

喬治.布什稱這個戰爭為聖戰。

Man, the Americans, they're just like, "Ah, crusade.

美國人們只會說，「哦，聖戰。

管它呢，愛怎樣怎樣。」

Whatever. I don't know what that means."

但你知道聖戰意味著什麼。

You know what it means -- it's a holy war against Muslims.

這是針對穆斯林的聖戰。

Look, invade, subdue them, take their resources.

看，入侵，征服他們，拿走他們的資源，

如果他們不服從，就殺了他們。

If they won't submit, kill them.

就是這麼回事。

That's what this is about.

And you're thinking, "My God, these Christians are coming to kill us."

你在想，「我的天，這些基督徒將會殺了我們。」

這很恐怖，

This is frightening.

You feel frightened. Of course you feel frightened.

你被嚇到了。當然你會被嚇到。

And this man, Terry Jones:

這個人，泰瑞.瓊斯，

I mean here's a guy who wants to burn Qurans, right?

他想要燒了所有古蘭經。

美國人只是說：「哦，他是個傻瓜，

And the Americans: "Ah, he's a knucklehead.

他以前是個酒店經理；

He's a former hotel manager; he's got three dozen members of his church ..."

他有大概三打的他們教會的成員支持他。」

他們對他一笑置之。你沒有把他當兒戲，

They laugh him off.

You don't laugh him off, because in the context of everything else,

因為，在整個大背景下，

一切說法都有意義。

all the pieces fit.

我的意思是，當然，這是美國人對待它的態度，

Of course this is how Americans think.

但中東所有的人，不僅僅在你的國家，

So people all over the Middle East, not just in your country,

都在抗議。

are protesting.

「他想要燒了古蘭經，我們的聖書。

"He wants to burn Qurans, our holy book.

這些基督徒，他們是誰？

These Christians -- who are these Christians?

他們如此邪惡，他們如此卑劣——

They're so evil, they're so mean -- this is what they're about?"

他們就是這樣的。」

This is what you're thinking as an Arab Muslim,

這是你作為一個阿拉伯穆斯林，

或一個伊拉克人在想的事，

as an Iraqi.

Of course you're going to think this.

你當然會這麼想。

And then your cousin says, "Hey coz, check out this website.

然後，你的堂姐

說：「嘿，堂弟，看看這個網站。

You've got to see this -- Bible Boot Camp.

你得看看這個——聖經訓練營，

這些基督徒瘋了，

These Christians are nuts!

They're training their little kids to be soldiers for Jesus.

他們在訓練自己的小孩成為上帝的士兵，

They take little kids and run them through these things

他們帶走這些孩子，把這些事情灌輸到他們的腦袋裡

till they teach them how to say, 'Sir! Yes, sir!'

直到他們學會說：『長官，是，長官』，

然後是投擲手榴彈和保養維修武器之類的事情。

and things like 'grenade toss' and 'weapons care and maintenance.'

繼續看網站，

And go to the website -- it says 'US Army' right on it.

上面寫著『美國陸軍』。

I mean, these Christians, they're nuts.

我是說，這些基督徒，他們瘋了，他們怎麼能對他們的小孩做這些？」

How can they do this to their little kids?"

然後你繼續瀏覽這個網站。

And you're reading this website.

And of course, Christians in the United States, or anybody,

當然，在美國的基督徒們，或者任何人，

says, "This is some little church in the middle of nowhere."

只會說：「哦，這只是一個偏僻地區的小教堂。」

但你不知道這個。

You don't know that.

For you, this is like, all Christians.

對你來說，這代表了所有的基督徒，

It's all over the Web: "Bible Boot Camp."

網絡上鋪天蓋地的都是它，聖經訓練營。

And look at this.

再看看這個

They even teach their kids --

他們甚至教他們的孩子——

they train them in the same way the US Marines train.

他們在用美國海軍陸戰隊的訓練方法來訓練他們。

這不是很有趣嗎？

Isn't that interesting.

And it scares you, and it frightens you.

它把你嚇著了。

So these guys, you see them.

這些人，你看他們。

You see, I, Sam Richards -- I know who these guys are.

你看，我，山姆.理查茲，我知道這些人是誰。

他們是我的學生，我的朋友，

They're my students, my friends; I know what they're thinking.

我知道他們在想甚麼：「你不知道。」

You don't know.

你看到他們時，

When you see them, they're something else.

他們意味着別的東西。

They're something else.

他們對你來說是這樣。

That's what they are to you.

在美國我們不這麼看，

We don't see it that way in the United States,

but you see it that way.

但是你們這麼看。

So here.

所以這裡，

Of course, you've got it wrong.

當然，你錯了。

You're generalizing. It's wrong.

你在不合理的退而廣之。這是不對的。

You don't understand the Americans.

你不了解美國人。

It's not a Christian invasion.

這不是基督教入侵。

We're not just there for oil; we're there for lots of reasons.

我們去那兒不僅僅為了石油，我們去那還有別的很多原因。

你錯了，你誤解了。

You have it wrong. You've missed it.

當然了，你們中的大多數不支持武裝動亂；

And of course, most of you don't support the insurgency;

你們不贊成殺美國人，

you don't support killing Americans;

you don't support the terrorists.

你們不支持恐怖分子。

Of course you don't. Very few people do.

你們當然不。只有很少人這樣，

But -- some of you do.

但是你們中的一些人支持，

這是一種看法。

And this is a perspective.

OK. So now, here's what we're going to do.

好的，現在，我們將要

Step outside of your shoes that you're in right now,

走出

你現在的角度

and step back into your normal shoes.

回到正常的狀態

So everyone's back in the room. OK?

大家都回到這個房間了，好的

激進的實驗來了。

Now here comes the radical experiment.

於是我們都回家了。

So we're all back home.

這張照片，這個女人，

This photo: this woman --

天啊，我能感受到她的感受。

man, I feel her.

我理解她。

I feel her.

她是我的姐妹

She's my sister,

my wife, my cousin, my neighbor.

我的妻子，我的堂姐，我的鄰居。

She's anybody to me.

她對我來說是很親近。

These guys standing there, everybody in the photo --

這些人站在那兒，照片裡的每個人。

I feel this photo, man.

我看到這張照片有身處其境的感覺。

接下來是我要你們做的。

So here's what I want you to do.

Let's go back to my first example, of the Chinese.

讓我們回到第一個關於中國的例子。

I want you to go there.

我希望你想像那個情況/

It's all about coal, and the Chinese are here in the United States.

都是為了煤礦，中國人在美國。

What I want you to do is picture her

我要你們把她想像成一位中國婦女，

as a Chinese woman receiving a Chinese flag

她正在接收中國國旗，

because her loved one has died in America in the coal uprising.

因為她愛的人

在美國在煤礦起義中被殺死了。

And the soldiers are Chinese,

現在士兵是中國人，

and everybody else is Chinese.

其他人也是中國人。

As an American, how do you feel about this picture?

作為一個美國人，你對這張照片有甚麼感覺？

你對這樣的場景怎麼想？

What do you think about that scene?

OK, try this. Bring it back.

好的，試試看。再回到開始。

這是這兒的景象，

This is the scene here.

It's an American, American soldiers,

這是一個美國人，美國士兵，

American woman who lost her loved one in the Middle East,

在中東——伊拉克或阿富汗——

失去所愛的人的美國婦女。

in Iraq or Afghanistan.

現在，把你自己放在這樣的處境中，

Now, put yourself in the shoes,

從一個

go back to the shoes of an Arab Muslim living in Iraq.

伊拉克的阿拉伯穆斯林的角度去看。

你感覺到、想到了甚麼？

What are you feeling and thinking about this photo,

當你看到這張照片

這個婦女時

about this woman?

好的，

OK,

now follow me on this,

現在，跟著我，

because I'm taking a big risk here.

因為我在冒很大的風險。

我也邀請你和我一起冒這個險，

And so I'm going to invite you to take a risk with me.

These gentlemen here, they're insurgents.

这几位男士，他們是叛亂分子。

They were caught by the American soldiers, trying to kill Americans.

他們因為想要殺美國士兵

被抓住，

And maybe they succeeded. Maybe they succeeded.

也許他們成功了，也許他們成功了。

把你自己想像成

Put yourself in the shoes of the Americans who caught them.

抓他們的美國士兵。

Can you feel the rage?

你感到憤怒嗎？

Can you feel that you just want to take these guys

你能感覺到你想抓住這些人

and wring their necks?

扭他們的脖子嗎？

Can you go there?

能想象嗎？

It shouldn't be that difficult.

這不會太難。

You just -- oh, man.

你就是想——天啊。

Now, put yourself in their shoes.

現在，把你自己放到這些叛亂者的處境中，

他們是野蠻的殺手

Are they brutal killers

還是愛國的保衛者？

or patriotic defenders?

是哪一個？

Which one?

Can you feel their anger,

你能感到他們的憤怒、

their fear,

恐惧、

their rage

和暴怒嗎？

當他們的國家發生了這些。

at what has happened in their country?

你能否想象，

Can you imagine that maybe one of them, in the morning,

也許他們中的一個，

bent down to their child and hugged their child

早上還彎下腰擁抱他的孩子

and said, "Dear, I'll be back later.

說：「寶貝兒，我一會就回來。

I'm going out to defend your freedom, your lives.

我是出去保衛你的自由，你的生命。

我是出去保衛

I'm going out to look out for us,

the future of our country."

我們國家的未來。」

你能想象嗎？

Can you imagine that?

Can you imagine saying that?

你能想象他正在說這些嗎？

Can you go there?

能嗎？

What do you think they're feeling?

你覺得他們是甚麼感覺？

You see, that's empathy.

你看，這就是同理心，

這也是理解。

It's also understanding.

[understand]

現在，你也許會問：

Now, you might ask,

"OK, Sam, so why do you do this sort of thing?

「好的，山姆，你為甚麼做這些事情？

Why would you use this example of all examples?"

你為甚麼選了這個例子？”

我說，因為…因為，

And I say, because.

You're allowed to hate these people.

你可以憎恨這些人，

You're allowed to just hate them with every fiber of your being.

你可以用盡所有力量來

憎恨他們。

And if I can get you to step into their shoes

如果我可以讓你們

置身於他們的處境

and walk an inch -- one tiny inch --

進行一些思考

很簡單的思考，

然後設想一下你將這種社會學分析方法

then imagine the kind of sociological analysis

that you can do in all other aspects of your life.

運用到生活各方面。

你能走得更遠。

You can walk a mile

when it comes to understanding why that person's driving 40 miles per hour

如果你開始理解

為甚麼那個人在超車道上

以四十邁的速度開車，

in the passing lane;

or your teenage son;

或者你十幾歲兒子，

or your neighbor who annoys you by cutting his lawn on Sunday mornings.

或者你的鄰居

因為在星期天的早晨割草吵到了你。

Whatever it is, you can go so far.

不管是甚麼，你可以走得那麼遠。

And this is what I tell my students:

這就是我告訴學生的：

step outside of your tiny, little world.

走出你的小世界，

Step inside of the tiny, little world of somebody else.

走進別人的

小世界。

一次又一次地這麼做，

And then do it again

and do it again and do it again.

And suddenly, all these tiny, little worlds,

然後，所有這些小世界

they come together in this complex web.

突然匯聚成一張複雜的網。

And they build a big, complex world.

他們構成了巨大的複雜的世界。

And suddenly, without realizing it,

突然間，不知不覺

你看世界的角度就變了，

you're seeing the world differently.

Everything has changed.

一切都變了。

Everything in your life has changed.

你生命中的每件事都變了。

這，當然，就是我想實現的目的。

And that's, of course, what this is about.

關心別人的生命，

Attend to other lives,

別人的視角。

other visions.

Listen to other people,

傾聽別人，

啓迪自己。

enlighten ourselves.

I'm not saying that I support the terrorists in Iraq.

我不是說

我支持伊拉克的恐怖份子，

但是作為一個社會學家，

But as a sociologist, what I am saying is:

我是說

I understand.

我理解了

And now perhaps -- perhaps -- you do, too.

現在，也許——也許——你也理解了。

謝謝

Thank you.

(Applause)

(鼓掌)