Sam Richards: A radical experiment in empathy

Translator: Maria Liivak Reviewer: Triin Sinissaar

Mu üliõpilased küsivad minult sageli:

My students often ask me, "What is sociology?"

"Mis on sotsioloogia?"

And I tell them it's the study of the way in which human beings are shaped

Ma vastan: "See on õpetus

sellest, kuidas inimesi mõjutavad

asjad, mida nad ei näe."

by things that they don't see.

And they say, "So, how can I be a sociologist?

Nad küsivad: "Kuidas saan ma siis sotsioloog olla?

How can I understand those invisible forces?"

Kuidas ma saaksin mõista nähtamatuid jõude?"

Ma vastan: "Empaatia abil.

And I say, "Empathy.

Start with empathy.

Alustage empaatiaga.

It all begins with empathy.

Kõik algab empaatiast.

Take yourself out of your shoes,

Astuge korraks oma rollist välja

put yourself into the shoes of another person."

ja pange end teise inimese rolli."

Here, I'll give you an example.

Toon teile näite.

So I imagine my life if, a hundred years ago,

Kujutan ette oma elu,

kui sada aastat tagasi

China had been the most powerful nation in the world

oleks Hiina olnud maailma võimsaim riik

and they came to the United States in search of coal.

ja nad oleksid tulnud USAsse,

otsides kivisütt,

And they found it, and, in fact, they found lots of it right here.

ja nad oleksid leidnud seda siitsamast üsna palju.

And pretty soon, they began shipping that coal,

Varsti hakkasid nad vedama seda sütt

tonnide kaupa,

ton by ton,

railcar by railcar, boatload by boatload,

vagunite kaupa, laevatäite kaupa

tagasi Hiinasse ja mujale maailma.

back to China and elsewhere around the world.

Seda tehes said nad uskumatult rikkaks.

And they got fabulously wealthy in doing so.

And they built beautiful cities

Nad ehitasid kauneid linnu,

all powered on that coal.

mida varustati energiaga selle kivisöe abil.

And back here in the United States,

Aga siin, USAs,

nägime me lootusetut majanduslikku olukorda ja puudust.

we saw economic despair, deprivation.

See oli see, mida ma nägin.

This is what I saw.

I saw people struggling to get by,

Nägin inimesi virelemas,

not knowing what was what and what was next.

teadmata, mis on mis ja kuidas edasi.

And I asked myself the question:

Ja siis esitasin endale küsimuse.

Küsisin: "Kuidas on võimalik, et meie siin USAs oleme nii vaesed,

How is it possible that we could be so poor here in the United States,

kivisüsi on ju ometi väärtuslik loodusvara,

because coal is such a wealthy resource; it's so much money?

mis toodab nii palju raha?"

Ja ma mõistsin,

And I realize:

because the Chinese ingratiated themselves

et hiinlased on saavutanud kavala kokkuleppe

with a small ruling class here in the United States,

USA väikesearvulise valitseva klassiga,

who stole all of that money and all of that wealth for themselves.

kes pistsid kogu selle raha ja rikkuse enda tasku.

And the rest of us, the vast majority of us,

Meie, ülejäänud, keda on enamik,

struggle to get by.

peame virelema.

And the Chinese gave this small ruling elite

Ja hiinlased andsid meie vähemuses olevale valitsevale eliidile

loads of military weapons and sophisticated technology

hulgaliselt sõjariistu ja keerulist tehnoloogiat,

tagamaks, et minusugused inimesed

in order to ensure that people like me

would not speak out against this relationship.

ei protestiks selle suhte vastu.

Does this sound familiar?

Kas see kõlab tuttavlikult?

And they did things like train Americans to help protect the coal.

Ja nad õpetasid ameeriklasi välja,

et nad aitaksid kivisütt kaitsta.

And everywhere, there were symbols of the Chinese --

Kõikjal võis näha Hiina sümboleid -

everywhere, a constant reminder.

kõikjal, alatise meeldetuletusena.

Ja Hiinas,

And back in China,

mida seal räägitakse?

what do they say in China?

Nothing! They don't talk about us. They don't talk about the coal.

Mitte midagi. Nad ei räägi meist. Nad ei räägi kivisöest.

Kui nende käest küsida,

If you ask them,

they'll say, "Well, you know, we need the coal.

vastavad nad: "Teate, meil on kivisütt vaja.

I mean, come on, I'm not going to turn down my thermostat.

Tähendab, olge normaalsed, ma ei saa ju kütet välja keerata.

Te ei saa seda eeldada."

You can't expect that."

And so, I get angry, and I get pissed,

Ja ma muutun vihaseks, lähen närvi,

as do lots of average people.

just nagu paljud tavalised inimesed.

Me hakkame vastu ja asi läheb väga inetuks.

And we fight back, and it gets really ugly.

And the Chinese respond in a very ugly way.

Hiinlased reageerivad samuti väga inetult.

And before we know it, they send in the tanks

Enne kui me arugi saame, saadavad nad siia tankid

and they send in the troops.

ja seejärel oma väeüksused

And lots of people are dying.

ja paljud inimesed saavad surma

And it's a very, very difficult situation.

ja olukord on äärmiselt keeruline.

Can you imagine what you would feel

Kas te suudate ette kujutada,

mida te minu olukorras tunneksite?

if you were in my shoes?

Kas te suudate kujutleda, et väljute sellest hoonest

Can you imagine walking out of this building

and seeing a tank sitting out there,

ja näete seal eemal tanki

or a truck full of soldiers?

või autokastitäit sõdureid?

Ja kujutlege, mida te tunneksite.

Just imagine what you would feel, because you know why they're here;

Sest te teate, miks nad seal on ja mida nad seal teevad.

you know what they're doing here.

Te tunnete viha ja hirmu.

And you just feel the anger and you feel the fear.

If you can, that's empathy. That's empathy.

Kui te seda suudate, siis see ongi empaatia.

You've left your shoes, and you've stood in mine.

Te olete asetanud ennast minu olukorda.

Ja te peate seda tundma.

And you've got to feel that.

Nii, see oli soojenduseks.

OK, so that's the warm-up.

See oli soojendus.

That's the warm-up.

Now we're going to have the real radical experiment.

Nüüd teeme läbi

tõeliselt radikaalse eksperimendi.

So, for the remainder of my talk, what I want you to do

Ma palun, et minu ülejäänud kõne ajal

is put yourselves in the shoes of an ordinary Arab Muslim

asetaksite te ennast

tavalise araablasest moslemi olukorda,

living in the Middle East --

kes elab Lähis-Idas,

in particular, in Iraq.

ennekõike Iraagis.

And so to help you,

Et teid aitada -

perhaps you're a member of this middle-class family in Baghdad.

võib-olla olete selle Bagdadi keskklassi perekonna liige

What you want is the best for your kids.

ja tahate seda, mis on teie lastele parim.

You want your kids to have a better life.

Te tahate, et teie lastel oleks parem elu.

And you watch the news, you pay attention.

Te jälgite tähelepanelikult uudiseid,

You read the newspaper, you go down to the coffee shop with your friends,

loete ajalehte, käite sõpradega kohvikus

ja loete ka ajalehti mujalt maailmast.

you read the newspapers from around the world.

Vahel vaatate isegi satelliittelevisiooni,

Sometimes you even watch satellite, CNN, from the United States.

USA telekanalit CNN.

You have a sense of what the Americans are thinking.

Nii et teil on aimu, mida ameeriklased mõtlevad.

Aga tegelikult tahate te lihtsalt endale paremat elu.

But really, you just want a better life for yourself.

See on teie soov.

That's what you want.

You're Arab Muslim living in Iraq.

Te olete araablane, moslem, kes elab Iraagis.

Te tahate endale paremat elu.

You want a better life for yourself.

Lubage, ma aitan teid.

So here, let me help you.

Let me help you with some things that you might be thinking.

Lubage, ma aitan teid mõne asjaga,

mida te võib-olla mõtlete.

Number one:

Esiteks: see sissetung teie maale

this incursion into your land these past 20 years and before --

viimase 20 aasta jooksul ja enne seda,

the reason anyone is interested in your land,

põhjus, miks keegi, eriti USA, teie maast huvitub,

and particularly the United States, is oil.

on nafta.

It's all about oil; you know that, everybody knows that.

Asi on naftas - seda teavad kõik.

People back in the United States know it's about oil.

Inimesed USAs teavad, et asi on naftas.

It's because somebody else has a design for your resource.

Asi on selles, et kellelgi teisel

on kavatsused seoses teie loodusvaradega.

It's your resource -- it's not somebody else's.

See on teie loodusvara, mitte kellegi teise.

It's your land; it's your resource.

See on teie maa, teie loodusvara.

Somebody else has a design for it.

Kellelgi teisel on sellega seoses kavatsused.

Ja kas teate, miks?

And you know why they have a design?

You know why they have their eyes set on it?

Mis nad sellele silma viskavad?

Sest kogu nende majanduslik süsteem

Because they have an entire economic system

sõltub sellest naftast,

that's dependent on that oil -- foreign oil,

välismaalt saadud naftast,

oil from other parts of the world that they don't own.

naftast, mis on pärit paikadest, mis pole nende omad.

And what else do you think about these people?

Mida te veel neist inimestest arvate?

Ameeriklased on rikkad.

The Americans, they're rich.

Come on, they live in big houses, they have big cars.

Nad elavad suurtes majades, neil on suured autod,

neil kõigil on heledad juuksed, sinised silmad, nad on õnnelikud.

They all have blond hair, blue eyes. They're happy.

Te mõtlete nii. Loomulikult pole see tõsi,

You think that. It's not true, of course, but that's the media impression.

aga sellise mulje jätab meedia ja selline mulje teile jääbki.

And that's what you get.

Neil on suured linnad

And they have big cities,

and the cities are all dependent on oil.

ja need linnad sõltuvad kõik naftast.

And back home, what do you see?

Mida te oma kodumaal näete?

Poverty, despair, struggle.

Vaesust, ahastust, virelemist.

Vaadake, te ei ela rikkas riigis.

Look, you don't live in a wealthy country.

I mean -- this is Iraq.

See on Iraak.

This is what you see.

See on see, mida te näete.

You see people struggling to get by.

Te näete, kuidas inimesed virelevad.

See ei ole lihtne - te näete palju vaesust.

It's not easy; you see a lot of poverty.

Ja see tekitab teis tundeid.

And you feel something about this.

These people have designs for your resource,

Nendel inimestel on kavatsused seoses teie loodusvaraga

ja see on see, mida te näete?

and this is what you see?

Veel üks asi, mida te näete ja millest räägite -

Something else you see that you talk about --

ameeriklased ei räägi, aga teie räägite.

Americans don't talk about this, but you do --

See on maailma militariseerumine,

there's this thing, this militarization of the world,

mille keskpunktiks on USA.

and it's centered right in the United States.

Ja USA on vastutav

And the United States is responsible

peaaegu poole eest

for almost one half of the world's military spending.

maailma militaarkuludest -

neli protsenti maailma rahvastikust.

Four percent of the world's population!

Te tunnete ja näete seda iga päev.

And you feel it; you see it every day.

See on osa teie elust.

It's part of your life.

And you talk about it with your friends.

Ja te räägite sellest oma sõpradega.

Te loete selle kohta.

You read about it.

And back when Saddam Hussein was in power,

Kui Saddam Hussein oli võimul,

the Americans didn't care about his crimes.

ei hoolinud ameeriklased tema kuritegudest.

When he was gassing the Kurds and gassing Iran,

Kui ta gaasitas kurde ja Iraani,

ei hoolinud nad sellest.

they didn't care about it.

When oil was at stake,

Aga kui kaalul oli nafta,

somehow, suddenly, things mattered.

siis muutusid asjad äkki oluliseks.

And what you see, something else:

Ja veel üks asi, mida te näete,

on see, et USA,

the United States,

the hub of democracy around the world --

maailma demokraatia keskpunkt,

ei paista tõtt-öelda

they don't seem to really be supporting democratic countries

toetavat demokraatlikke riike kogu maailmas.

all around the world.

There are a lot of countries, oil-producing countries,

On palju riike, naftat tootvaid riike,

that aren't very democratic, but supported by the United States.

mis ei ole kuigi demokraatlikud, aga mida USA toetab.

See on veider.

That's odd.

Oh -- these incursions, these two wars,

Need sissetungid, need kaks sõda,

the 10 years of sanctions,

need kümme aastat sanktsioone,

the eight years of occupation,

kaheksa aastat okupatsiooni,

the insurgency that's been unleashed on your people,

ülestõus, mis teie rahva hulgas on vallandatud,

sajad tuhanded

the tens of thousands, the hundreds of thousands

of civilian deaths?

surnud tsiviilisikud,

kõik nafta pärast.

All because of oil.

You can't help but think that.

Paratamatult mõtled sa sellele.

You talk about it.

Sa räägid sellest.

It's in the forefront of your mind, always.

See on sul alati meeles.

You say, "How is that possible?"

Sa küsid: "Kuidas on see võimalik?"

And this man, he's everyman --

Ja see mees, ta on tavaline mees -

your grandfather, your uncle,

su vanaisa, su onu,

su isa, su poeg,

your father, your son, your neighbor,

su naaber, su õpetaja, su õpilane.

your professor, your student.

Once a life of happiness and joy

Õnnelik ja rõõmus elu

and suddenly, pain and sorrow.

asendus äkki kurbuse ja leinaga.

Iga inimest sinu maal

Everyone in your country has been touched by the violence,

on puudutanud vägivald,

verevalamine, valu,

the bloodshed, the pain, the horror -- everybody.

õudus - igaüht.

Not a single person in your country has not been touched.

Sinu riigis pole ühtegi inimest,

keda see poleks puudutanud.

Aga on veel üks asi.

But there's something else.

There's something else about these people, these Americans who are there.

Nende inimeste juures on veel midagi,

nende ameeriklaste juures, kes siia tulid.

There's something else about them that you see

Sa näed nende juures veel midagi - mida nad ise ei näe.

that they don't see themselves.

Mida sa näed? Nad on kristlased.

And what do you see? They're Christians!

They're Christians.

Nad on kristlased.

They worship the Christian God, they have crosses, they carry Bibles.

Nad kummardavad Kristust, neil on ristid, nad kannavad Piiblit kaasas.

Their Bibles have a little insignia

Nende Piiblitel on väike märk

tekstiga "USA armee".

that says "US Army" on them.

And their leaders, their leaders:

Ja nende juhid:

before they send their sons and daughters off to war in your country --

enne kui nad saadavad oma pojad ja tütred

sinu maale sõtta -

ja sa tead, mis põhjusel -

and you know the reason --

before they send them off,

enne kui nad neid teele saadavad,

they go to a Christian church, and they pray to their Christian God,

lähevad nad kristlikku kirikusse ja palvetavad kristlaste jumala poole,

paludes sellelt jumalalt kaitset ja teejuhatust.

and they ask for protection and guidance from that god.

Miks?

Why?

Well, obviously, when people die in the war,

Loomulikult selleks, et kui sõjas sureb inimesi,

they are Muslims, they are Iraqis -- they're not Americans.

oleksid need moslemid, iraaklased -

mitte ameeriklased.

Sa ei taha, et ameeriklased sureksid. Kaitseme oma sõdureid.

You don't want Americans to die -- "Protect Our Troops."

Ja see tekitab sinus tundeid -

And you feel something about that --

loomulikult tekitab.

of course you do.

And they do wonderful things.

Ja nad teevad imelisi asju.

You read about it, you hear about it.

Sa loed ja kuuled selle kohta.

They're there to build schools and help people.

Nad on siin, et ehitada koolimaju ja aidata inimesi - see on nende plaan.

That's what they want to do.

Nad teevad häid asju, aga nad teevad ka halbu asju

They do wonderful things, but they also do the bad things,

ja sul on raske neil vahet teha.

and you can't tell the difference.

On selliseid mehi nagu kindralleitnant William Boykin.

And this guy, you get a guy like Lt. Gen. William Boykin.

Ta on mees, kes ütleb, et teie jumal on võltsjumal.

Here's a guy who says that your god is a false god.

Your god's an idol; his god is the true god.

Teie jumal on ebajumal, tema jumal on tõeline.

The solution to the problem in the Middle East, according to him,

Tema arvates on Lähis-Ida probleemide lahenduseks

pöörata teid kõiki kristlasteks

is to convert you all to Christianity --

ja juurida välja teie usk.

just get rid of your religion.

And you know that. Americans don't read about this guy.

Teie teate seda. Ameeriklased ei loe selle mehe kohta.

Nad ei tea temast midagi, aga teie teate.

They don't know anything about him, but you do.

You pass it around. You pass his words around.

Te levitate seda. Te levitate tema sõnu.

See on tõsine asi.

I mean, this is serious. You're afraid.

He was one of the leading commanders in the second invasion of Iraq.

Ta oli teise Iraagi invasiooni ajal üks ülemjuhatajaid.

Sa mõtled: "Kui see mees niimoodi arvab,

And you're thinking, "My God, if this guy is saying that,

then all the soldiers must be saying that."

siis arvavad ilmselt kõik sõdurid niimoodi."

Ja on veel üks sõna -

And this word here --

George Bush called this war a crusade.

George Bush nimetas seda sõda ristisõjaks.

Man, the Americans, they're just like, "Ah, crusade.

Ameeriklased mõtlevad: "Ah, ristisõda.

Mida iganes. Ma ei tea."

Whatever. I don't know what that means."

Sina tead, mida see tähendab.

You know what it means -- it's a holy war against Muslims.

See on püha sõda moslemite vastu.

Look, invade, subdue them, take their resources.

Tungi sisse, alista nad ja võta nende loodusvarad.

Kui nad alla ei anna, tapa nad.

If they won't submit, kill them.

See on asja sisu.

That's what this is about.

And you're thinking, "My God, these Christians are coming to kill us."

Sa mõtled: "Need kristlased tulevad siia meid tapma."

See on hirmutav.

This is frightening.

You feel frightened. Of course you feel frightened.

Sul on hirm. Muidugi on sul hirm.

And this man, Terry Jones:

Ja mees nimega Terry Jones -

I mean here's a guy who wants to burn Qurans, right?

tema on see, kes tahab Koraane põletada.

Ameeriklased mõtlevad: "Ta on jobu.

And the Americans: "Ah, he's a knucklehead.

Ta on endine hotellijuhataja,

He's a former hotel manager; he's got three dozen members of his church ..."

tema kirikusse kuulub kolm tosinat liiget."

Nad naeravad ta välja. Sina ei naera teda välja.

They laugh him off.

You don't laugh him off, because in the context of everything else,

Sest kui arvestada kogu konteksti,

on see väga loogiline.

all the pieces fit.

Muidugi suhtuvad ameeriklased niimoodi,

Of course this is how Americans think.

nii et inimesed üle kogu Lähis-Ida, mitte ainult sinu riigis,

So people all over the Middle East, not just in your country,

hakkavad protestima.

are protesting.

"Ta tahab põletada Koraane, meie pühi raamatuid.

"He wants to burn Qurans, our holy book.

Need kristlased, kes nad on?

These Christians -- who are these Christians?

Nad on nii halvad, nad on nii õelad -

They're so evil, they're so mean -- this is what they're about?"

sellised nad ongi."

This is what you're thinking as an Arab Muslim,

See on see, mida sa mõtled araablasest moslemina,

iraaklasena.

as an Iraqi.

Of course you're going to think this.

Muidugi mõtled sa nii.

And then your cousin says, "Hey coz, check out this website.

Ja siis ütleb su onupoeg:

"Kuule, vaata seda veebilehte.

You've got to see this -- Bible Boot Camp.

Sa pead seda nägema - noorte sõjaväeline piiblilaager.

Kristlased on hullud.

These Christians are nuts!

They're training their little kids to be soldiers for Jesus.

Nad treenivad väikesi lapsi Jeesuse sõduriteks.

They take little kids and run them through these things

Nad võtavad väikesed lapsed ja lasevad neil niisuguse õppe läbida,

till they teach them how to say, 'Sir! Yes, sir!'

õpetavad neid ütlema "Just nii"

ja kranaate heitma ning relvi hooldama.

and things like 'grenade toss' and 'weapons care and maintenance.'

Ja sa lähed sellele veebilehele.

And go to the website -- it says 'US Army' right on it.

Esimese asjana seisab seal tekst "USA armee".

I mean, these Christians, they're nuts.

Kristlased on ju segased. Kuidas nad teevad midagi sellist oma väikeste lastega?"

How can they do this to their little kids?"

Sa loed seda veebilehte.

And you're reading this website.

And of course, Christians in the United States, or anybody,

Loomulikult ütlevad USAs kristlased või ükskõik kes:

says, "This is some little church in the middle of nowhere."

"See on mingi pisitilluke kirik mingis kolkas."

Aga sina ei tea seda.

You don't know that.

For you, this is like, all Christians.

Sinu jaoks on see tüüpiline kristlus.

It's all over the Web: "Bible Boot Camp."

See on kõikjal veebis kättesaadav - sõjaväeline noorte piiblilaager.

And look at this.

Ja vaadake seda:

They even teach their kids --

nad isegi õpetavad oma lapsi -

they train them in the same way the US Marines train.

nad treenivad neid samamoodi nagu USA merejalaväelasi.

Kas pole huvitav.

Isn't that interesting.

And it scares you, and it frightens you.

Ja see hirmutab sind.

So these guys, you see them.

Näete neid mehi siin?

You see, I, Sam Richards -- I know who these guys are.

Mina, Sam Richards, tean, kes need mehed on.

Need on minu üliõpilased, mu sõbrad.

They're my students, my friends; I know what they're thinking.

Ma tean, mida te mõtlete: "Sa ei tea."

You don't know.

Sinu pilgu läbi

When you see them, they're something else.

on nad midagi muud.

They're something else.

Sinu jaoks on nad kristlastest vallutajad.

That's what they are to you.

Meie USAs ei näe seda niimoodi,

We don't see it that way in the United States,

but you see it that way.

aga sina näed.

So here.

Palun.

Of course, you've got it wrong.

Muidugi sa eksid.

You're generalizing. It's wrong.

Sa üldistad. See on viga.

You don't understand the Americans.

Sa ei mõista ameeriklasi.

It's not a Christian invasion.

See ei ole kristlaste sissetung.

We're not just there for oil; we're there for lots of reasons.

Me ei ole siin ainult nafta pärast, on palju muid põhjuseid.

Sa eksisid. Sa panid mööda.

You have it wrong. You've missed it.

Ja muidugi enamik teist ei toeta ülestõusu,

And of course, most of you don't support the insurgency;

te ei toeta ameeriklaste tapmist,

you don't support killing Americans;

you don't support the terrorists.

te ei toeta terroriste.

Of course you don't. Very few people do.

Muidugi mitte. Väga vähesed inimesed toetavad.

But -- some of you do.

Aga mõned teist toetavad.

Ja see on nende vaatepunkt.

And this is a perspective.

OK. So now, here's what we're going to do.

Nii, nüüd teeme me järgmist.

Step outside of your shoes that you're in right now,

Astuge välja sellest rollist,

milles te praegu olete

and step back into your normal shoes.

ja tagasi oma tavapärasesse olukorda.

So everyone's back in the room. OK?

Nii, kõik on siin ruumis tagasi.

Nüüd tuleb meie radikaalne eksperiment.

Now here comes the radical experiment.

Oleme kõik kodus tagasi.

So we're all back home.

See foto: see naine,

This photo: this woman --

ma tõesti tajun teda.

man, I feel her.

Ma tajun teda.

I feel her.

Ta on mu õde,

She's my sister,

my wife, my cousin, my neighbor.

mu naine, mu nõbu, mu naaber.

She's anybody to me.

Ta on mulle ükskõik kes.

These guys standing there, everybody in the photo --

Need mehed, kes siin seisavad, igaüks siin fotol.

I feel this photo, man.

Ma tajun seda fotot.

Ma tahan, et te teeksite järgmist.

So here's what I want you to do.

Let's go back to my first example, of the Chinese.

Lähme tagasi minu esimese näite juurde hiinlaste kohta.

I want you to go there.

Ma tahan, et te läheksite sinna.

It's all about coal, and the Chinese are here in the United States.

Asi on kivisöes ja hiinlased on siin, USAs.

What I want you to do is picture her

Ma tahan, et te kujutleksite teda hiinlannana,

as a Chinese woman receiving a Chinese flag

kes saab Hiina lipu,

because her loved one has died in America in the coal uprising.

sest tema armastatu on surnud Ameerikas,

kivisöest põhjustatud ülestõusus.

And the soldiers are Chinese,

Need sõdurid on hiinlased

and everybody else is Chinese.

ja kõik ülejäänud on ka hiinlased.

As an American, how do you feel about this picture?

Mis tunnet see pilt tekitab sinus kui ameeriklases?

Mida sa sellest stseenist arvad?

What do you think about that scene?

OK, try this. Bring it back.

Proovige seda. Tuleme tagasi.

See on see stseen siin.

This is the scene here.

It's an American, American soldiers,

See on ameeriklane, ameerika sõdurid,

American woman who lost her loved one in the Middle East,

ameeriklanna, kes kaotas oma armsama

Lähis-Idas - Iraagis või Afganistanis.

in Iraq or Afghanistan.

Aseta end rolli,

Now, put yourself in the shoes,

mine tagasi sellesse rolli,

go back to the shoes of an Arab Muslim living in Iraq.

kus sa olid araablasest moslem, kes elab Iraagis.

Mida sa tunned ja mõtled

What are you feeling and thinking about this photo,

seoses selle fotoga,

seoses selle naisega?

about this woman?

Nii.

OK,

now follow me on this,

Tulge mu mõttega kaasa,

because I'm taking a big risk here.

sest ma võtan siin suure riski.

Ma kutsun teid võtma seda riski koos minuga.

And so I'm going to invite you to take a risk with me.

These gentlemen here, they're insurgents.

Need mehed siin on ülestõusnud.

They were caught by the American soldiers, trying to kill Americans.

Nad võeti kinni ameerika sõdurite poolt,

sest nad püüdsid tappa ameeriklasi.

And maybe they succeeded. Maybe they succeeded.

Ja võib-olla neil õnnestus see.

Pange end nende ameeriklaste rolli,

Put yourself in the shoes of the Americans who caught them.

kes nad kinni võtsid.

Can you feel the rage?

Kas te tunnete raevu?

Can you feel that you just want to take these guys

Kas te tunnete, et te tahaksite

and wring their necks?

nende meeste kaela murda?

Can you go there?

Kas te suudate seda kujutleda?

It shouldn't be that difficult.

See ei tohiks keeruline olla.

You just -- oh, man.

Te lihtsalt - oh pagan.

Now, put yourself in their shoes.

Nüüd pange ennast nende rolli.

Kas need on brutaalsed tapjad

Are they brutal killers

või patriootidest kaitsjad?

or patriotic defenders?

Kummad?

Which one?

Can you feel their anger,

Kas te tunnete nende viha,

their fear,

nende hirmu,

their rage

nende raevu

seoses sellega, mis nende maal toimub?

at what has happened in their country?

Kas te kujutate ette,

Can you imagine that maybe one of them, in the morning,

et võib-olla täna hommikul üks neist

bent down to their child and hugged their child

kummardas alla ja kallistas oma last

and said, "Dear, I'll be back later.

ja ütles: "Kullake, ma tulen hiljem koju.

I'm going out to defend your freedom, your lives.

Ma lähen kaitsma teie vabadust, teie elu.

Ma hoolitsen meie eest,

I'm going out to look out for us,

the future of our country."

meie maa tuleviku eest."

Kas te suudate seda ette kujutada?

Can you imagine that?

Can you imagine saying that?

Kas te suudate kujutleda end seda ütlemas?

Can you go there?

Kas te saate sellega hakkama?

What do you think they're feeling?

Mis te arvate, mida nad tunnevad?

You see, that's empathy.

Näete, see on empaatia.

Samuti on see mõistmine.

It's also understanding.

[understand]

Te võite küsida:

Now, you might ask,

"OK, Sam, so why do you do this sort of thing?

"Sam, miks sa sellise asjaga tegeled?

Why would you use this example of all examples?"

Miks kasutada kõigist võimalikest just seda näidet?"

Ja mina vastan - sellepärast, et... sellepärast.

And I say, because.

You're allowed to hate these people.

Teil on lubatud neid inimesi vihata.

You're allowed to just hate them with every fiber of your being.

Teil on lubatud vihata neid

iga rakuga oma kehas.

And if I can get you to step into their shoes

Kui ma suudan panna teid

astuma nende rolli

and walk an inch -- one tiny inch --

ja kõndima selles isegi sentimeetrit,

ühtainsat sentimeetrit,

siis kujutlege sotsioloogilist analüüsi,

then imagine the kind of sociological analysis

that you can do in all other aspects of your life.

mida te suudate teha oma elu teistes aspektides?

Te suudate käia terve kilomeetri,

You can walk a mile

when it comes to understanding why that person's driving 40 miles per hour

kui asi puutub mõistmisesse,

miks mõni inimene sõidab

kiirteel 60-kilomeetrise tunnikiirusega,

in the passing lane;

or your teenage son;

miks teie teismeline poeg niimoodi käitub

or your neighbor who annoys you by cutting his lawn on Sunday mornings.

või miks teie tüütu naaber

niidab pühapäeva hommikuti muru.

Whatever it is, you can go so far.

Mis ka ei juhtuks, te suudate seda.

And this is what I tell my students:

Ma ütlen oma üliõpilastele:

step outside of your tiny, little world.

astuge oma pisitillukesest maailmast välja.

Step inside of the tiny, little world of somebody else.

Astuge sisse kellegi teise

pisitillukesse maailma.

Ja siis tehke seda veel ja veel ja veel.

And then do it again

and do it again and do it again.

And suddenly, all these tiny, little worlds,

Ja äkki moodustavad need väikesed sõnad

they come together in this complex web.

keerulise võrgustiku.

And they build a big, complex world.

Nad moodustavad suure, keerulise maailma.

And suddenly, without realizing it,

Ja äkki, isegi seda taipamata,

hakkate te nägema maailma teistsugusena.

you're seeing the world differently.

Everything has changed.

Kõik on muutunud.

Everything in your life has changed.

Kõik teie elus on muutunud.

Ja selles ongi asja mõte.

And that's, of course, what this is about.

Pange tähele teiste elu,

Attend to other lives,

teistsuguseid nägemusi.

other visions.

Listen to other people,

Kuulake teisi inimesi,

valgustage iseennast.

enlighten ourselves.

I'm not saying that I support the terrorists in Iraq.

Ma ei ütle,

nagu ma toetaksin terroriste Iraagis,

aga sotsioloogina

But as a sociologist, what I am saying is:

ütlen ma seda,

I understand.

et ma mõistan.

And now perhaps -- perhaps -- you do, too.

Ja nüüd võib-olla mõistate teie ka.

Aitäh.

Thank you.

(Applause)

(Aplaus)