Nic Marks: The Happy Planet Index

Nic Marks: Mutlu Gezegen Endeksi

Çeviri: idil bilgic alpaslan Gözden geçirme: osman oguz ahsen

Martin Luther King

Martin Luther King

did not say,

sivil haklar hareketine

"I have a nightmare,"

ilham oldugunda,

when he inspired the civil rights movements.

'Bir kabusum var' dememisti.

He said, "I have a dream."

'Bir hayalim var' demisti.

And I have a dream.

Benim de bir hayalim var.

I have a dream that we can stop thinking

Gelecegin bir kabus olacagini

that the future will be a nightmare,

dusunmeyi birakabilecegimize dair bir hayalim var.

and this is going to be a challenge,

Bu zor olacak

because, if you think

cunku son zamanlardaki kiyamet fimlerinin

of every major blockbusting film of recent times,

en onemlilerini goz onune alirsaniz,

nearly all of its visions for humanity

cogunlugu insanligin gelecegini

are apocalyptic.

felaket olarak gosteriyor.

I think this film

Bence bu film, 'The Road'

is one of the hardest watches of modern times, "The Road."

son zamanlarin izlemesi en zor filmlerinden biri.

It's a beautiful piece of filmmaking,

Cok guzel bir film

but everything is desolate,

ama her sey issiz,

everything is dead.

her sey olu.

And just a father and son

Sadece hayatta kalmaya calisan,

trying to survive, walking along the road.

bu yolda yuruyen bir baba ve ogul.

And I think the environmental movement

Benim de parcasi oldugum

of which I am a part of

cevre hareketi,

has been complicit

gelecege dair bu hayalin

in creating this vision of the future.

ortaya cikmasina suc ortakligi etmistir.

For too long,

Cok uzun suredir,

we have peddled a nightmarish vision

neler olacagina dair kabus gibi

of what's going to happen.

bir gelecek hayali satiyoruz.

We have focused on the worst-case scenario.

En kotu senaryoya odaklandik.

We have focused on the problems.

Sorunlara odaklandik.

And we have not thought enough

Ama cozumleri

about the solutions.

yeterince dusunmedik.

We've used fear, if you like,

Soyle diyebiliriz,

to grab people's attention.

insanlarin dikkatini cekmek icin korkuyu kullandik.

And any psychologist will tell you

Her hangi bir psikologun da soyleyecegi gibi,

that fear in the organism

organizmanin korku hissi

is linked to flight mechanism.

kacis mekanizmasina baglidir.

It's part of the fight and flight mechanism,

Bir hayvan korktugunda ortaya cikan

that when an animal is frightened --

-bir geyigi dusunun-

think of a deer.

savas ve kacma mekanizmasinin parcasidir.

A deer freezes very, very still,

Bir geyik kacmaya hazirken

poised to run away.

cok, cok hareketsiz bir sekilde donar.

And I think that's what we're doing

Bence insanlardan bizim cevresel bozulma

when we're asking people to engage with our agenda

ve iklim degisikligi gundemimize destek vermelerini

around environmental degradation and climate change.

istedigimizde de tam olarak bunu yapiyoruz.

People are freezing and running away

Korkuyu kullandigimiz icin,

because we're using fear.

insanlar donuyor ve kaciyorlar.

And I think the environmental movement has to grow up

Bence cevre hareketinin buyumesi ve

and start to think about

ilerlemenin ne demek olduguna dair

what progress is.

dusunmeye baslamasi gerekiyor.

What would it be like to be improving the human lot?

Insan toplulugunu gelistirmek neye benzerdi?

And one of the problems that we face, I think,

Bence karsilastigimiz problemlerden biri,

is that the only people that have cornered the market

piyasada hakimiyet kurmus kisilerin

in terms of progress

ilerlemenin ne olduguna dair

is a financial definition of what progress is,

bir finansal tanimlama yapiyor olmalari.

an economic definition of what progress is --

Ilerlemeyi ekonomiye bagliyorlar.

that somehow,

Bir sekilde

if we get the right numbers to go up,

eger dogru rakamlar yukari yonlu olursa,

we're going to be better off,

ister hisse senedi piyasasinda

whether that's on the stock market,

ister GSYIH;da

whether that's with GDP

veya ekonomik buyume alaninda

and economic growth,

daha iyiye gidecegimize,

that somehow life is going to get better.

hayatin bir sekilde daha iyi olacagina dair yorumlar yapiyorlar.

This is somehow appealing to human greed

Daha fazlanin daha iyi oldugu

instead of fear --

insanlardaki korku yerine

that more is better.

acgozluluge cekici geliyor.

Come on. In the Western world, we have enough.

Hadi ama! Bati dunyasinda, her seye yeterince sahibiz.

Maybe some parts of the world don't, but we have enough.

Belki dunyanin bazi kisimlari degil ama, biz yeterli seye sahibiz.

And we've know for a long time that this is not a good measure

Uzun zamandir biliyoruz ki bu,

of the welfare of nations.

uluslarin refahinin iyi bir olcusu degil.

In fact, the architect of our national accounting system,

Aslinda, ulusal muhasebe sistemimizin mimari olan

Simon Kuznets, in the 1930s,

Simon Kuznets 1930'larda soyle demistir:

said that, "A nation's welfare

"Bir ulkenin refahi,

can scarcely be inferred from their national income."

ulusal gelirlerinden cikarilamaz."

But we've created a national accounting system

Ancak biz uretime ve

which is firmly based on production

mal uretmeye siki siki dayanan

and producing stuff.

bir ulusal muhasebe sistemi yarattik.

And indeed, this is probably historical, and it had its time.

Gercekten de, bu muhtemelen tarihi bir sey ve zamanini doldurdu.

In the second World War, we needed to produce a lot of stuff.

Ikinci Dunya Savasi'nda, bir cok sey uretmemiz gerekti.

And indeed, we were so successful at producing certain types of stuff

Gercekten de belli tur mallarin uretiminde o kadar basariliydik ki,

that we destroyed a lot of Europe, and we had to rebuild it afterwards.

Avrupa'nin buyuk kismini harap ettik ve sonrasinda da yeniden insa etmek zorunda kaldik.

And so our national accounting system

Dolayisiyla ulusal muhasebe sistemimiz

became fixated on what we can produce.

uretebildiklerimize bagli hale geldi.

But as early as 1968,

Ancak 1968 ile birlikte,

this visionary man, Robert Kennedy,

Robert Kennedy isimli hayalci adam

at the start of his ill-fated presidential campaign,

sonu kotu olacak baskanlik kampanyasinin basinda,

gave the most eloquent deconstruction

simdiye dek gayrisafi milli hasilaya yonelik

of gross national product

yapilmis en akici

that ever has been.

elestiriyi getirdi.

And he finished his talk with the phrase,

Konusmasini ise soyle bitirdi:

that, "The gross national product

"Gayrisafi milli hasila

measures everything except that

yasami degerli kilanlar

which makes life worthwhile."

disindaki her seyi olcer."

How crazy is that? That our measure of progress,

Bu ne kadar cilginca? Bizim gelisme olcumuz,

our dominant measure of progress in society,

toplumdaki ilerlemenin en baskin olcutu

is measuring everything

sadece, yasami degerli kilanlar disinda

except that which makes life worthwhile?

kalanlari mi olcuyor?

I believe, if Kennedy was alive today,

Inaniyorum ki, eger Kennedy bugun yasiyor olsaydi,

he would be asking statisticians such as myself

benim gibi istatikcilerden

to go out and find out

disari cikip yasami neyin degerli kildigini

what makes life worthwhile.

bulmamizi isterdi.

He'd be asking us to redesign

Bizden, ulusal muhasebe sistemizi

our national accounting system

sosyal adalet,

to be based upon

surdurulebilirlik

such important things as social justice,

ve insanlarin refahi gibi daha onemli

sustainability

kavramlara dayanarak

and people's well-being.

yeniden sekillendirmemizi isterdi.

And actually, social scientists have already gone out

Aslinda sosyal bilimciler coktan disari ciktilar ve

and asked these questions around the world.

bu sorulari dunyanin her yerinde sordular.

This is from a global survey.

Bunlar kuresel captaki bir anketten.

It's asking people, what do they want.

Insanlara, ne istediklerini soruyor.

And unsurprisingly, people all around the world

Beklendigi uzere, dunyanin her yanindaki insanlar

say that what they want

istedikleri seyin kendileri,

is happiness, for themselves,

aileleri, cocuklari

for their families, their children,

bagli olduklari topluluklari icin

their communities.

mutluluk oldugunu soyluyor.

Okay, they think money is slightly important.

Tamam, paranin da onemli oldugunu dusunuyorlar.

It's there, but it's not nearly as important as happiness,

Para orada ama mutluluk kadar onemli degil,

and it's not nearly as important as love.

sevgi kadar da onemli degil.

We all need to love and be loved in life.

Hepimizin su hayatta sevmeye ve sevilmeye ihtiyacimiz var.

It's not nearly as important as health.

Para, saglik kadar da onemli degil.

We want to be healthy and live a full life.

Saglikli olmak ve dolu dolu bir hayat yasamak istiyoruz.

These seem to be natural human aspirations.

Bunlar dogal, insani ozlemler gibi gorunuyor.

Why are statisticians not measuring these?

Istatistikciler neden bunlari olcmuyor?

Why are we not thinking of the progress of nations in these terms,

Uluslarin gelisimi dedigimizde neden biraz onceki kavramlar yerine,

instead of just how much stuff we have?

ne kadar mala sahip oldugumuzu dusunuyoruz?

And really, this is what I've done with my adult life --

Gercekten de, bu benim yetiskinligim boyunca yaptigim sey -

is think about how do we measure happiness,

mutlulugu nasil olceriz,

how do we measure well-being,

refahi nasil olceriz,

how can we do that within environmental limits.

bunlari cevresel limitler icerisinde nasil yapariz?

And we created, at the organization that I work for,

Benim calistigim New Economics Foundation (Yeni Ekonomi Vakfi)

the New Economics Foundation,

adli kurumda, Happy Planey Index (Mutlu Gezegen Endeksi)

something we call the Happy Planet Index,

dedigimiz bir sey yarattik;

because we think people should be happy and the planet should be happy.

cunku insanlar ve gezegenin mutlu olmasi gerektigini dusunuyoruz.

Why don't we create a measure of progress that shows that?

Neden bunu gosteren bir gelismislik olcutu yaratmiyoruz?

And what we do,

Yaptigimiz sey,

is we say that the ultimate outcome of a nation

soyledigimiz sey, bir ulusun basarisi

is how successful is it

en nihayetinde vatandaslari icin

at creating happy and healthy lives for its citizens.

mutlu ve saglikli yasamlar uretmekte ne kadar basarili oldugu ile ilgilidir.

That should be the goal

Dunya uzerindeki her ulusun

of every nation on the planet.

hedefi bu olmalidir.

But we have to remember

Ancak bu konuda onemli bir

that there's a fundamental input to that,

girdi var ki

and that is how many of the planet's resources we use.

bu da dunya kaynaklarinin ne kadarini kullandigimizdir.

We all have one planet. We all have to share it.

Sadece bir gezegenimiz var. Hepimiz onu paylasmak zorundayiz.

It is the ultimate scarce resource,

Nihai kit kaynak,

the one planet that we share.

paylastigimiz bu gezegendir.

And economics is very interested in scarcity.

Ekonomi bilimi, kit kaynaklar konusuyla yakindan ilgilidir.

When it has a scarce resource

Arzu edilen bir ciktiya

that it wants to turn into

donusturulmek istenen

a desirable outcome,

kit bir kaynak oldugunda,

it thinks in terms of efficiency.

verimlilik kavramiyla dusunur.

It thinks in terms of how much bang do we get for our buck.

Paramizin karsiligini ne kadar aldigimizi dusunur.

And this is a measure of how much well-being

MPE, gezegensel kaynak kullanimimiza karsin

we get for our planetary resource use.

ne kadar refah elde ettigimize dair bir olcuttur.

It is an efficiency measure.

Bu bir verimlilik olcutudur.

And probably the easiest way to show you that,

Bunu size gostermenin muhtemelen en kolay yolu,

is to show you this graph.

sizlere bu grafigi gostermek olabilir.

Running horizontally along the graph,

Grafigin yatay ekseninde

is "ecological footprint,"

"ekolojik iz" var.

which is a measure of how much resources we use

Bu, ne kadar kaynak kullandigimizi

and how much pressure we put on the planet.

ve dunyaya ne kadar baski yaptigimizi gosteriyor.

More is bad.

Bunun artmasi, kotuye isaret ediyor.

Running vertically upwards,

Dikey eksende ise

is a measure called "happy life years."

"mutlu yasam yillari" adli bir olcut var.

It's about the well-being of nations.

Uluslarin refahiyla ilgili.

It's like a happiness adjusted life-expectancy.

Mutluluga gore ayarlanmis beklenen yasam suresi gibi dusunulebilir.

It's like quality and quantity of life in nations.

Uluslardaki yasamlarin nitelik ve niceligi gibi.

And the yellow dot there you see, is the global average.

Orada gordugunuz sari nokta ise, kuresel ortalama.

Now, there's a huge array of nations

Simdi, bu kuresel ortalamanin cevresinde

around that global average.

buyuk bir uluslar dizisi var.

To the top right of the graph,

Grafigin sag ust kosesine dogru olan ulkeler,

are countries which are doing reasonably well and producing well-being,

oldukca iyi giden ve refah ureten ulkeler

but they're using a lot of planet to get there.

ama o noktaya varmak icin gezegenin kaynaklarini yogun sekilde kullaniyorlar.

They are the U.S.A.,

O ucgenle gosterilenler

other Western countries going across in those triangles

ABD ve diger Bati ulkeleri,

and a few Gulf states in there actually.

aslinda bir kisim Korfez ulkeleri de burada yer aliyor.

Conversely, at the bottom left of the graph,

Tam tersine, grafigin sol alt kosesinde ise

are countries that are not producing much well-being --

cok fazla refah uretemeyen ulkeler var -

typically, sub-Saharan Africa.

ornegin, Sahra colunun guneyindeki ulkeler.

In Hobbesian terms,

Hobbes'in deyimiyle,

life is short and brutish there.

oralarda yasam kisa ve insanliktan uzak.

The average life expectancy in many of these countries

Bu ulkelerin cogunda

is only 40 years.

ortalama yasam beklentisi, sadece 40 sene.

Malaria, HIV/AIDS

Dunyanin bu kisminda

are killing a lot of people

sitma ve AIDS

in these regions of the world.

bir cok insani olduruyor.

But now for the good news!

Simdi de iyi haberler!

There are some countries up there, yellow triangles,

Yukaridaki bazi ulkeler, sari ucgenler,

that are doing better than global average,

kuresel ortalamadan daha iyiler ve

that are heading up towards the top left of the graph.

grafigin sol ust kosesine dogru gidiyorlar.

This is an aspirational graph.

Bu, ozlemlerimizi dile getiren bir grafik.

We want to be top left, where good lives don't cost the earth.

Sol ust kosede, iyi yasamlarin dunyaya pahaliya mal olmadigi yerde olmak istiyoruz.

They're Latin American.

Bunlar Latin Amerika ulkeleri.

The country on its own up at the top

Yukarida tek basina duran ulke

is a place I haven't been to.

benim daha once hic gitmedigim bir yer.

Maybe some of you have.

Belki bazilariniz orada bulunmustur.

Costa Rica.

Kosta Rika.

Costa Rica --

Kosta Rika -

average life expectancy is 78-and-a-half years.

ortalama yasam beklentisi 78,5 sene.

That is longer than in the USA.

Bu, ABD'dekinden bile daha uzun.

They are, according to the latest Gallup world poll,

Gallup'un en son dunya anketine gore,

the happiest nation on the planet --

dunyadaki en mutlu milletler -

than anybody; more than Switzerland and Denmark.

Isvicre ve Danimarka'da yasayanlardan bile daha mutlular.

They are the happiest place.

En mutlu yer.

They are doing that

Bunu, Bati dunyasinda tipik olarak

on a quarter of the resources

kullanilan kaynaklarin

that are used typically in [the] Western world --

sadece dortte birini

a quarter of the resources.

kullanarak yapiyorlar

What's going on there?

Orada neler oluyor?

What's happening in Costa Rica?

Kosta Rika'da neler oluyor?

We can look at some of the data.

Dataya bakalim.

99 percent of their electricity comes from renewable resources.

Elektriklerinin %99'u, yenilenebilir kaynaklardan geliyor.

Their government is one of the first to commit

Hukumetleri 2021 yilinda karbon notr

to be carbon neutral by 2021.

olmaya soz veren ilk hukumetlerden biri.

They abolished the army

Ordularini, 1949'da

in 1949 --

lagvettiler.

1949.

1949!

And they invested in social programs --

Sosyal programlara yatirim yaptilar -

health and education.

sagik ve egitim gibi.

They have one of the highest literacy rates in Latin America

Latin Amerika'daki ve dunyadaki en yuksek

and in the world.

okur-yazarlik oranlarindan birine sahipler.

And they have that Latin vibe, don't they.

Ayrica o Latin kanina sahipler, degil mi?

They have the social connectedness.

Sosyal bagliliga sahipler.

(Laughter)

(kahkahalar)

The challenge is, that possibly -- and the thing we might have to think about --

Muhtemelen buradaki zorluk - dusunmeye baslamamiz gereken sey -

is that the future

gelecegin

might not be North American,

Kuzey Amerikali olmayabilecegi,

might not be Western European.

Bati Avrupali olmayabilecegi.

It might be Latin American.

Gelecek Latin Amerikali olabilir.

And the challenge, really,

Gercekten de esas zorluk,

is to pull the global average up here.

kuresel ortalamayi buraya tasiyabilmek.

That's what we need to do.

Yapmamiz gereken sey bu.

And if we're going to do that,

Eger bunu yapacaksak,

we need to pull countries from the bottom,

asagidaki ulkeleri ve

and we need to pull countries from the right of the graph.

grafigin sagindaki ulkeleri oradan cekmemiz gerekli.

And then we're starting to create a happy planet.

Ancak bundan sonra, mutlu bir gezegen yaratmaya baslayabiliriz.

That's one way of looking at it.

Duruma bakmanin bir yolu bu.

Another way of looking at it is looking at time trends.

Diger yolu ise zaman trendlerine bakmak.

We don't have good data going back for every country in the world,

Dunyadaki her ulke icin gecmise giden iyi verilerimiz yok,

but for some of the richest countries, the OECD group, we do.

ama bazi en zengin ulkeler icin, OECD icin, bu verilere sahibiz.

And this is the trend in well-being over that time,

Bu, zaman icerisindeki refahin trendi,

a small increase,

kucuk bir artis,

but this is the trend in ecological footprint.

ama bu da ekolojik izimizin trendi.

And so in strict happy-planet methodology,

Boylece mutlu-gezegen metodolojisine gore,

we've become less efficient

nihai kit kaynaklarimizi

at turning our ultimate scarce resource

istedigimiz ciktiya donustururken

into the outcome we want to.

daha az verimli hale gelmisiz.

And the point really is, is that I think,

Asil nokta ise, bence asil nokta,

probably everybody in this room

bu odadaki herkesin

would like society to get to 2050

herhangi bir kiyamet habercisi

without an apocalyptic

olay yasamadan

something happening.

toplumun 2050 yilina varmasini istemeleri.

It's actually not very long away.

Aslinda o kadar da uzak bir tarih degil.

It's half a human lifetime away.

Sadece, insan omrunun yarisi kadar uzak.

A child entering school today

Bugun okula baslayan bir cocuk,

will be my age in 2050.

2050'de benim yasimda olacak.

This is not the very distant future.

Cok da uzak bir gelecek degil.

This is what the U.K. government target

Bu, Birlesik Krallik hukumetinin

on carbon and greenhouse emissions looks like.

karbon ve sera gazi salinimi hedefi.

And I put it to you, that is not business as usual.

Bunun siradan bir is olmadigini goz onunde bulundurun.

That is changing our business.

Bu, is dunyamizi degistirmek demek.

That is changing the way we create our organizations,

Organizasyonlarimizi, hukumet politikalarimizi ve

we do our government policy and we live our lives.

hayatimizi yasayis seklimizi degistirmemiz demek.

And the point is,

Esas nokta ise,

we need to carry on increasing well-being.

refahi arttirmaya devam etmemiz gerektigi.

No one can go to the polls

Kimse secime gidip de

and say that quality of life is going to reduce.

yasam kalitesinin dusecegini soylemeyecek.

None of us, I think,

Bence hic birimiz

want human progress to stop.

insanligin gelisiminin durmasini istemiyoruz.

I think we want it to carry on.

Bence bunun devam etmesini istiyoruz.

I think we want the lot of humanity to keep on increasing.

Bence beseriyetin artmaya devam etmesini istiyoruz.

And I think this is where climate change skeptics and deniers come in.

Ve bence iklim degisikligine suphe veya reddedisle yaklasanlar da, bu noktada resme katiliyor.

I think this is what they want. They want quality of life to keep increasing.

Bence onlarin istedigi bu. Yasam kalitesinin artmaya devam etmesini istiyorlar.

They want to hold on to what they've got.

Ellerindekilere sahip cikmak istiyorlar.

And if we're going to engage them,

Eger onlari da dahil edeceksek,

I think that's what we've got to do.

yapmamiz gerekenin bu oldugunu dusunuyorum.

And that means we have to really increase efficiency even more.

Bu da, verimlilgi daha da cok arttirmamiz gerektigi anlamina geliyor.

Now that's all very easy to draw graphs and things like that,

Grafikler cizmek ve benzeri seyler yapmak cok kolay,

but the point is we need to turn those curves.

ama asil nokta bu egrileri cevirmemiz gerektigi.

And this is where I think we can take a leaf

Iste burada geri besleme donguleri yaratan,

out of systems theory, systems engineers,

dogru bilgiyi dogru zamanda isleyen

where they create feedback loops,

sistem teorisinden, sistem muhendislerinden

put the right information at the right point of time.

yardim almamiz gerektigini dusunuyorum.

Human beings are very motivated by the "now."

Insanoglu 'simdi' ile motive olur.

You put a smart meter in your home,

Evinize akilli bir sayac koyarsiniz,

and you see how much electricity you're using right now,

su anda ne kadar elektirik harcadiginizi,

how much it's costing you,

size ne kadara mal oldugunu gorursunuz.

your kids go around and turn the lights off pretty quickly.

Cocuklariniz gider ve hizla isiklari sondururler.

What would that look like for society?

Bu, toplum icin nasil olurdu peki?

Why is it, on the radio news every evening,

Neden her aksam radyodaki haberlerde

I hear the FTSE 100, the Dow Jones, the dollar pound ratio --

FTSE 100 endeksini, Dow Jones endeksini, dolar-pound oranini duyuyorum?

I don't even know which way the dollar pound ratio should go to be good news.

Dolar-pound orani hangi yonde hareket ederse iyi haber anlamina gelecegini bile bilmiyorum.

And why do I hear that?

Bunu neden duyuyorum?

Why don't I hear how much energy Britain used yesterday,

Neden dun Britanya'nin ne kadar enerji kullandigini,

or American used yesterday?

ABD'nin ne kadar enerji kullandigini duymuyorum?

Did we meet our three percent annual target

Karbon salinimini her yil yuzde uc

on reducing carbon emissions?

azaltmaya dair hedefimizi tutturduk mu?

That's how you create a collective goal.

Bu, kollektif bir amac yaratmanin yoludur.

You put it out there into the media and start thinking about it.

Onu medyaya verirsiniz ve hakkinda dusunmeye baslarsiniz.

And we need positive feedback loops

Refahi arttirmak icin

for increasing well-being

pozitif geri besleme dongulerine ihtiyacimiz var.

At a government level, they might create national accounts of well-being.

Hukumet seviyesinde, refaha bagli ulusal hesaplar olusturabilirler.

At a business level, you might look at the well-being of your employees,

Is dunyasi seviyesinde, yaraticiligi ve

which we know is really linked to creativity,

yenilikciligi tetikleyen

which is linked to innovation,

iscilerin refah seviyesine bakabilirsiniz.

and we're going to need a lot of innovation to deal with those environmental issues.

Bunca cevresel sorunla basa cikmak icin bir suru yenilige ihtiyacimiz olacak.

At a personal level, we need these nudges too.

Kisisel anlamda da bu durtulere ihtiyacimiz var.

Maybe we don't quite need the data, but we need reminders.

Belki verilere cok ihtiyacimiz yok ama hatirlatmalara ihtiyacimiz var.

In the U.K., we have a strong public health message

Birlesik Krallik'ta her gun bes meyve ve sebze yemeye,

on five fruit and vegetables a day

ne kadar egzersiz yapmamiz gerektigine dayali - hic bana gore degil -

and how much exercise we should do -- never my best thing.

cok guclu bir kamu sagligi mesajimiz var.

What are these for happiness?

Bunlarin mutluluklar ne ilgisi var?

What are the five things that you should do every day

Daha mutlu olmak icin

to be happier?

her gun yapmaniz gereken bes sey nedir?

We did a project for the Government Office of Science a couple of years ago,

Bir kac yil once Bilim Bakanligi icin bir proje yaptik,

a big program called the Foresight program --

Foresight (Ongoru) adinda buyuk bir programdi --

lots and lots of people -- involved lots of experts --

bir cok insan vardi -- uzmanlar dahil olmak uzere --

everything evidence based -- a huge tome.

her sey kanita dayaliydi -- buyuk bir dosyaydi.

But a piece of work we did was on: what five positive actions can you do

Isimizin bir kismi suydu: hayatinizdaki refahi arttirmak icin

to improve well-being in your life?

hangi bes pozitif eylemi yapabilirsiniz?

And the point of these is

Buradaki nokta su ki,

they are, not quite, the secrets of happiness,

bunlar aslinda mutlulugun sirri sayilmazlar;

but they are things that I think happiness will flow out the side from.

daha cok mutlulugun kenarindan sizacagi seyler.

And the first of these is to connect,

Bunlardan ilki baglanmaktir,

is that your social relationships

sosyal iliskileriniz

are the most important cornerstones of your life.

hayatinizin en onemli yapi taslaridir.

Do you invest the time with your loved ones

Sevdiklerinize elinizden geldigi kadar

that you could do, and energy?

enerji ve zaman harciyor musunuz?

Keep building them.

Bu iliskileri insa etmeye devam edin.

The second one is be active.

Ikincisi aktif olmaktir.

The fastest way out of a bad mood:

Kotu bir ruh halinden cikmanin en hizli yolu:

step outside, go for a walk, turn the radio on and dance.

disariya cikin, yuruyun, radyoyu acin ve dansedin.

Being active is great for our positive mood.

Aktif olmak, olumlu ruh hali icin onemlidir.

The third one is take notice.

Ucuncusu farkinda olmaktir.

How aware are you of things going on around the world,

Dunyada olan bitenden, mevsimlerin degisiminden,

the seasons changing, people around you?

cevrenizdeki insanlardan ne kadar haberdarsiniz?

Do you notice what's bubbling up for you and trying to emerge?

Sizi nelerin beklediginin ve su yuzune cikmaya calistiginin farkinda misiniz?

Based on a lot of evidence for mindfulness,

Dikkatlilige dair kanitlara gore,

cognitive behavioral therapy,

bilissel davranis terapisi

[very] strong for our well being.

refahimiz icin cok onemli.

The fourth is keep learning

Dorduncusu ogrenmeye devam etmektir

and keep is important --

ve devam etmek onemlidir --

learning throughout the whole life course.

tum hayat boyunca ogrenmek.

Older people who keep learning and are curious,

Ogrenmeye devam eden ve merakli olan yaslilar,

they have much better health outcomes than those who start to close down.

kendini kapatmaya baslayanlardan cok daha iyi bir sagliga sahiptirler.

But it doesn't have to be formal learning; it's not knowledge based.

Ama bunun formal ogrenim olmasi gerekmiyor; bilgiye dayali degil.

It's more curiosity.

Bu daha cok merakla ilgili.

It can be learning to cook a new dish,

Yeni bir yemek yapmayi, cocukken ogrenip de

picking up an instrument you forgot as a child.

unuttugunuz bir enstrumani yeniden calmaya baslamayi ogrenmek gibi.

Keep learning.

Ogrenmeye devam edin.

And the final one

Sonuncusu da

is that most anti-economic of activities,

tum aktivitelerin en ekonomik olmayani,

but give.

vermek.

Our generosity, our altruism,

Comertligimiz, fedakarligimiz.

our compassion,

sevecenligimiz,

are all hardwired

hepsi beynimizdeki

to the reward mechanism in our brain.

odul mekanizmasina siki sikiya baglidir.

We feel good if we give.

Birilerine bir sey verdigimizde kendimizi iyi hissederiz.

You can do an experiment where you give

Sabah, iki grup insana yuzer dolar

two groups of people a hundred dollars in the morning.

vererek siz de bir deney yapabilirsiniz.

You tell one of them to spend it on themselves

Bir gruba bu parayi kendilerine harcamalarini,

and one on other people.

diger gruba da diger insanlar icin harcamalarini soyleyin.

You measure their happiness at the end of the day,

Gun sonunda mutluluklarini olcun,

those that have gone and spent on other people are much happier

gidip de parayi baskalarina harcayanlarin

that those that spent it on themselves.

kendilerine harcayanlardan cok daha mutlu oldugunu gorursunuz.

And these five ways,

El altindaki kartpostallarin

which we put onto these handy postcards,

uzerine yazdigimiz bu bes yolun,

I would say, don't have to cost the earth.

dunyaya herhangi bir seye mal olmadigini soyleyebilirim.

They don't have any carbon content.

Herhangi bir karbon icerigine sahip degiller.

They don't need a lot of material goods to be satisfied.

Tatmin edilmeleri icin maddesel seylere gereksinimleri yok.

And so I think it's really quite feasible

Bence mutlulugun dunyaya bir seye mal olmamasi

that happiness does not cost the earth.

oldukca makul.

Now, Martin Luther King,

Martin Luther King,

on the eve of his death,

olmesine yakin,

gave an incredible speech.

muhtesem bir konusma yapti.

He said, "I know there are challenges ahead,

Demisti ki, "Ileride zorluklar oldugunu biliyorum,

there may be trouble ahead,

onumuze sorunlar cikabilir,

but I fear no one. I don't care.

ama hicbirinden korkmuyorum. Umursamiyorum.

I have been to the mountain top,

Daglarin tepesine ciktim

and I have seen the Promised Land."

ve Vaat Edilmis Topraklari gordum."

Now, he was a preacher,

O bir vaizdi,

but I believe the environmental movement

ama inaniyorum ki cevre hareketi

and, in fact, the business community, government,

ve aslinda, is dunyasi, hukumet

needs to go to the top of the mountain top,

dagin tepesine cikmali

and it needs to look out,

ve cevresine bakmali,

and it needs to see the Promised Land,

ve Vaat Edilmis Topraklari gormeli,

or the land of promise,

veya vaatlerin vatanini,

and it needs to have a vision

hepimizin istedigi dunyaya dair

of a world that we all want.

bir hayali olmali.

And not only that, we need to create a Great Transition

Sadece bu da degil, oraya varmak icin

to get there,

Buyuk Degisimi yaratmamiz lazim

and we need to pave that great transition with good things.

ve bu buyuk degisimin yollarini iyi seylerle kaplamaliyiz.

Human beings want to be happy.

Insanoglu mutlu olmak ister.

Pave them with the five ways.

Onlari bes yolla donatin.

And we need to have signposts

Insanlari bir araya toplayan ve onlara

gathering people together and pointing them --

Mutlu Gezegen Endeksini gosteren

something like the Happy Planet Index.

isaret levhalarina ihtiyacimiz var.

And then I believe

Sonrasinda inaniyorum ki

that we can all create a world we all want,

hepimizin istedigi bir dunyayi,

where happiness does not cost the earth.

mutlulugun dunyaya hicbir seye mal olmadigi bir yeri beraberce yaratabiliriz.

(Applause)

(Alkislar)