Nic Marks: The Happy Planet Index

267,045 views ใƒป 2010-08-30

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yaakov Aglamaz ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:17
Martin Luther King
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ืžืจืชื™ืŸ ืœื•ืชืจ ืงื™ื ื’
00:19
did not say,
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ืœื ืืžืจ,
00:21
"I have a nightmare,"
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"ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืกื™ื•ื˜,"
00:23
when he inspired the civil rights movements.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—.
00:26
He said, "I have a dream."
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื—ืœื•ื."
00:29
And I have a dream.
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ื’ื ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื—ืœื•ื.
00:31
I have a dream that we can stop thinking
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ื”ื—ืœื•ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืคืกื™ืง ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
00:33
that the future will be a nightmare,
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ืฉื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืกื™ื•ื˜.
00:36
and this is going to be a challenge,
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ื–ื”ื• ืืชื’ืจ,
00:38
because, if you think
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ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•
00:40
of every major blockbusting film of recent times,
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
00:44
nearly all of its visions for humanity
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ื•ืœื, ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืœืื ื•ืฉื•ืช
00:47
are apocalyptic.
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ื”ื•ื ืืคื•ืงืœื™ืคื˜ื™.
00:49
I think this film
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืกืจื˜
00:51
is one of the hardest watches of modern times, "The Road."
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"ื”ื“ืจืš" ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืงืฉื™ื ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™.
00:54
It's a beautiful piece of filmmaking,
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ื–ื”ื• ืงื˜ืข ื™ืคื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข,
00:56
but everything is desolate,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืฉื•ืžื,
00:58
everything is dead.
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ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืžืช.
01:01
And just a father and son
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ื•ืจืง ืื‘ ื•ื‘ื ื•
01:03
trying to survive, walking along the road.
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ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื™ื ืฆืœ, ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ืจืš.
01:06
And I think the environmental movement
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช,
01:08
of which I am a part of
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ืฉืื ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื”
01:10
has been complicit
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืคื”
01:12
in creating this vision of the future.
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ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
01:14
For too long,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืžื“ื™,
01:16
we have peddled a nightmarish vision
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ืžื›ืจื ื• ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื”ื•ืช
01:18
of what's going to happen.
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ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ.
01:20
We have focused on the worst-case scenario.
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ื”ืชืžืงื“ื ื• ื‘ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:23
We have focused on the problems.
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ื”ืชืžืงื“ื ื• ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช.
01:25
And we have not thought enough
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง
01:27
about the solutions.
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ืขืœ ื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช.
01:29
We've used fear, if you like,
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ืื ืชืจืฆื•, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ืคื—ื“,
01:31
to grab people's attention.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
01:34
And any psychologist will tell you
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ื›ืœ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ ื™ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื
01:37
that fear in the organism
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ืฉืคื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื
01:39
is linked to flight mechanism.
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ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืœืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื—ื”.
01:41
It's part of the fight and flight mechanism,
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ื–ื”ื• ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืœื—ื-ืื•-ื‘ืจื—,
01:44
that when an animal is frightened --
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ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ื -
01:46
think of a deer.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืฆื‘ื™.
01:48
A deer freezes very, very still,
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ืฆื‘ื™ ืงื•ืคื ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื•ื“ ื“ื•ืžื,
01:51
poised to run away.
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ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื•ื—.
01:53
And I think that's what we're doing
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื
01:55
when we're asking people to engage with our agenda
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื’'ื ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื•
01:58
around environmental degradation and climate change.
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
02:01
People are freezing and running away
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืงืคื•ืื™ื ื•ื‘ื•ืจื—ื™ื
02:04
because we're using fear.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืคื—ื“.
02:06
And I think the environmental movement has to grow up
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชื‘ื’ืจ
02:09
and start to think about
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ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
02:11
what progress is.
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ืขืœ ืžื”ื™ ืงื™ื“ืžื”.
02:13
What would it be like to be improving the human lot?
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืžื’ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช?
02:16
And one of the problems that we face, I think,
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ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืฆื‘ืช ืžื•ืœื ื•, ืœื“ืขืชื™,
02:18
is that the only people that have cornered the market
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง,
02:21
in terms of progress
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื™ื“ืžื”
02:23
is a financial definition of what progress is,
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ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื”ื™ ืงื™ื“ืžื”,
02:26
an economic definition of what progress is --
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ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื”ื™ ืงื™ื“ืžื” --
02:29
that somehow,
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ืฉืื™ื›ืฉื”ื•,
02:31
if we get the right numbers to go up,
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ืื ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื
02:33
we're going to be better off,
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ืžืฆื‘ื ื• ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืฉืชืคืจ,
02:36
whether that's on the stock market,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช
02:38
whether that's with GDP
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ืื• ื‘ืชืœ"ื’
02:40
and economic growth,
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ื•ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื™,
02:42
that somehow life is going to get better.
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ืฉืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
02:44
This is somehow appealing to human greed
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ื–ื” ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืžื•ืฉืš ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืชืื•ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืข
02:47
instead of fear --
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืคื—ื“ --
02:49
that more is better.
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ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ - ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
02:51
Come on. In the Western world, we have enough.
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ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื›ื. ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง.
02:54
Maybe some parts of the world don't, but we have enough.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืœื›ืžื” ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคื™ืง.
02:57
And we've know for a long time that this is not a good measure
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”, ืฉื–ืืช ืื™ื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”
03:00
of the welfare of nations.
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ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื•ืช.
03:02
In fact, the architect of our national accounting system,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช,
03:05
Simon Kuznets, in the 1930s,
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ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ืงื•ื–ื ืฅ, ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื,
03:08
said that, "A nation's welfare
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ืืžืจ ืฉ"ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื”
03:10
can scarcely be inferred from their national income."
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ืžื•ืฉืคืขืช ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช".
03:13
But we've created a national accounting system
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช
03:15
which is firmly based on production
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ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืจ
03:17
and producing stuff.
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ื•ื”ืคืงืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื.
03:19
And indeed, this is probably historical, and it had its time.
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ื•ื‘ืืžืช, ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™, ื•ื–ื” ืขืฉื” ืืช ืฉืœื•.
03:22
In the second World War, we needed to produce a lot of stuff.
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ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
03:25
And indeed, we were so successful at producing certain types of stuff
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ื‘ืืžืช, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื
03:28
that we destroyed a lot of Europe, and we had to rebuild it afterwards.
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ืฉื”ืจืกื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ.
03:31
And so our national accounting system
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ื›ืš ื’ื ืขื ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•
03:33
became fixated on what we can produce.
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ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืžื•ืงื“ืช ื‘ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ.
03:36
But as early as 1968,
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ืืš ื›ื‘ืจ ืž 1968,
03:39
this visionary man, Robert Kennedy,
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ืื™ืฉ ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ, ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืงื ื“ื™,
03:42
at the start of his ill-fated presidential campaign,
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ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืจื•ืฅ, ื—ืกืจ ื”ืžื–ืœ ืฉืœื•, ืœื ืฉื™ืื•ืช,
03:45
gave the most eloquent deconstruction
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ื ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืจื”ื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:48
of gross national product
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ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฆืจ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื’ื•ืœืžื™
03:50
that ever has been.
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืœื.
03:52
And he finished his talk with the phrase,
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ื”ื•ื ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืื•ื ืฉืœื• ืขื ื”ืคืกืงื”,
03:55
that, "The gross national product
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"ื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™
03:57
measures everything except that
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"ืžื•ื“ื“ ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืžืœื‘ื“
04:00
which makes life worthwhile."
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"ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืจืš".
04:02
How crazy is that? That our measure of progress,
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ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื’ืข? ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ื“ืžื”,
04:05
our dominant measure of progress in society,
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ื”ืžื“ื“ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืœ ืงื™ื“ืžื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”,
04:08
is measuring everything
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ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ืœ
04:10
except that which makes life worthwhile?
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ืžืœื‘ื“ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืจืš?
04:13
I believe, if Kennedy was alive today,
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ, ืื ืงื ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื,
04:16
he would be asking statisticians such as myself
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™
04:19
to go out and find out
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ืœืฆืืช ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื
04:21
what makes life worthwhile.
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ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืจืš.
04:23
He'd be asking us to redesign
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ
04:25
our national accounting system
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ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•
04:27
to be based upon
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ืฉืชืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ
04:29
such important things as social justice,
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฆื“ืง ื—ื‘ืจืชื™,
04:32
sustainability
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ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช
04:34
and people's well-being.
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ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื”.
04:36
And actually, social scientists have already gone out
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื, ื™ืฆืื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”
04:38
and asked these questions around the world.
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ื•ืฉืืœื• ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
04:40
This is from a global survey.
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ื–ื” ืžืกืงืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
04:42
It's asking people, what do they want.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืฉืืœื• ืžื” ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
04:45
And unsurprisingly, people all around the world
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข, ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
04:48
say that what they want
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ืืžืจื• ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื
04:50
is happiness, for themselves,
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ืฉืจ, ืœืขืฆืžื,
04:52
for their families, their children,
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ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื,
04:54
their communities.
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ืœืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
04:56
Okay, they think money is slightly important.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื›ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžื•ืขื˜ื”.
04:58
It's there, but it's not nearly as important as happiness,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืื•ืฉืจ,
05:01
and it's not nearly as important as love.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื”.
05:04
We all need to love and be loved in life.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
05:07
It's not nearly as important as health.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
05:09
We want to be healthy and live a full life.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืœืื™ื.
05:12
These seem to be natural human aspirations.
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืืœื” ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช.
05:15
Why are statisticians not measuring these?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืœื ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื?
05:18
Why are we not thinking of the progress of nations in these terms,
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื” ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
05:21
instead of just how much stuff we have?
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•?
05:24
And really, this is what I've done with my adult life --
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ื•ื‘ืืžืช, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืขื ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื --
05:27
is think about how do we measure happiness,
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ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืื•ืฉืจ,
05:29
how do we measure well-being,
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืจื•ื•ื—ื”,
05:31
how can we do that within environmental limits.
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
05:33
And we created, at the organization that I work for,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ืฆืจื ื•, ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื•,
05:35
the New Economics Foundation,
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ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื”,
05:37
something we call the Happy Planet Index,
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• "ืžื“ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจ",
05:40
because we think people should be happy and the planet should be happy.
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ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ืฉืจ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ืฉืจ.
05:43
Why don't we create a measure of progress that shows that?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉืœื ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื“ื“ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืš?
05:46
And what we do,
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื,
05:48
is we say that the ultimate outcome of a nation
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ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื”
05:50
is how successful is it
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช
05:52
at creating happy and healthy lives for its citizens.
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ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืื•ืฉืจ ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื”.
05:55
That should be the goal
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ื–ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื”
05:57
of every nation on the planet.
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื•ืžื” ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
05:59
But we have to remember
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ
06:01
that there's a fundamental input to that,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืงืœื˜ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืœื›ืš,
06:04
and that is how many of the planet's resources we use.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื” ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื.
06:07
We all have one planet. We all have to share it.
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื–ื” ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืœื›ืช ืื—ื“. ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืื•ืชื•.
06:10
It is the ultimate scarce resource,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื ื“ื™ืจ ื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™,
06:13
the one planet that we share.
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ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื.
06:16
And economics is very interested in scarcity.
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ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืจ.
06:19
When it has a scarce resource
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืื‘ ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืจ
06:21
that it wants to turn into
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ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคื•ืš
06:23
a desirable outcome,
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ืœื”ื›ื ืกื” ืจืฆื•ื™ื”,
06:25
it thinks in terms of efficiency.
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ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.
06:28
It thinks in terms of how much bang do we get for our buck.
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ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืžื›ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืขื“ ื›ืกืคื ื•.
06:31
And this is a measure of how much well-being
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืจื•ื•ื—ื”
06:33
we get for our planetary resource use.
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ื ืงื‘ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
06:36
It is an efficiency measure.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื“ื™ื“ืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.
06:38
And probably the easiest way to show you that,
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ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื”, ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืงืœื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื–ืืช,
06:41
is to show you this graph.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื’ืจืฃ ื”ื–ื”.
06:43
Running horizontally along the graph,
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ื”ืฆื™ืจ ื”ืžืื•ื–ืŸ,
06:46
is "ecological footprint,"
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ื”ื•ื "ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช".
06:48
which is a measure of how much resources we use
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ืฉืžื•ื“ื“ ื›ืžื” ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื
06:51
and how much pressure we put on the planet.
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืœื—ืฅ ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
06:53
More is bad.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื” ืจืข.
06:55
Running vertically upwards,
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ื”ืฆื™ืจ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื”,
06:57
is a measure called "happy life years."
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ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื“ "ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช".
06:59
It's about the well-being of nations.
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื•ืช.
07:01
It's like a happiness adjusted life-expectancy.
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืื•ืฉืจ ืžื•ืชืื ืœืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
07:04
It's like quality and quantity of life in nations.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืžื•ืช.
07:07
And the yellow dot there you see, is the global average.
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ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ, ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
07:10
Now, there's a huge array of nations
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ื›ืขืช, ื™ืฉ ืžืขืจืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื•ืช
07:12
around that global average.
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ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
07:14
To the top right of the graph,
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ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจืฃ,
07:17
are countries which are doing reasonably well and producing well-being,
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ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžื“ื™ ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื”,
07:20
but they're using a lot of planet to get there.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ืžื ืฆืœื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื.
07:22
They are the U.S.A.,
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ืืœื” ืืจื”"ื‘,
07:24
other Western countries going across in those triangles
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ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ื”ื–ื”,
07:27
and a few Gulf states in there actually.
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ืžื” ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืžืคืจืฅ ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ืฉื.
07:29
Conversely, at the bottom left of the graph,
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจืฃ,
07:32
are countries that are not producing much well-being --
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ื™ืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจื•ื•ื—ื” --
07:35
typically, sub-Saharan Africa.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืœืกื”ืจื”.
07:38
In Hobbesian terms,
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื‘ืก,
07:40
life is short and brutish there.
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืžื™ื™ื ืฉื.
07:42
The average life expectancy in many of these countries
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ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
07:45
is only 40 years.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ืกื”"ื› 40 ืฉื ื™ื.
07:48
Malaria, HIV/AIDS
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ืžืœืืจื™ื”, ืื™ื™ื“ืก
07:50
are killing a lot of people
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ื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื
07:52
in these regions of the world.
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ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
07:54
But now for the good news!
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช!
07:56
There are some countries up there, yellow triangles,
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ืœืžืขืœื”, ืžืฉื•ืœืฉื™ื ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื™ื,
07:58
that are doing better than global average,
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ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™,
08:00
that are heading up towards the top left of the graph.
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ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจืฃ.
08:02
This is an aspirational graph.
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ื–ื”ื• ื’ืจืฃ ื”ืฉืื™ืคื”.
08:04
We want to be top left, where good lives don't cost the earth.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžืืœ ืœืžืขืœื”, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
08:07
They're Latin American.
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ืœืžืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช.
08:09
The country on its own up at the top
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ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืฆืžืจืช
08:11
is a place I haven't been to.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื•.
08:13
Maybe some of you have.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื ื”ื™ื™ืชื.
08:15
Costa Rica.
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ืงื•ืกื˜ื” ืจื™ืงื”.
08:19
Costa Rica --
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ืงื•ืกื˜ื” ืจื™ืงื” --
08:21
average life expectancy is 78-and-a-half years.
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ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื 78.5 ืฉื ื™ื.
08:24
That is longer than in the USA.
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
08:28
They are, according to the latest Gallup world poll,
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ื”ื, ืœืคื™ ืžืฉืืœ ื’ืืœื•ืค ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ,
08:31
the happiest nation on the planet --
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ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
08:34
than anybody; more than Switzerland and Denmark.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจื™ื - ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ ื•ื“ื ืžืจืง.
08:37
They are the happiest place.
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ื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจ.
08:39
They are doing that
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ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”
08:41
on a quarter of the resources
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ื‘ืจื‘ืข ืžื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื
08:43
that are used typically in [the] Western world --
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ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื“"ื› ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™.
08:46
a quarter of the resources.
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ืจื‘ืข ืžื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื.
08:49
What's going on there?
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืฉื?
08:52
What's happening in Costa Rica?
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืงื•ืกื˜ื” ืจื™ืงื”?
08:54
We can look at some of the data.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.
08:56
99 percent of their electricity comes from renewable resources.
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99% ืžื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœื”ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
08:59
Their government is one of the first to commit
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ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื”
09:01
to be carbon neutral by 2021.
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ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื—ืžื ื™ ืขื“ ืœ 2021.
09:04
They abolished the army
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ื”ื ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื• ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ื
09:07
in 1949 --
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 1949 --
09:09
1949.
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1949.
09:11
And they invested in social programs --
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ื”ื ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช --
09:13
health and education.
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ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
09:15
They have one of the highest literacy rates in Latin America
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช
09:18
and in the world.
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
09:20
And they have that Latin vibe, don't they.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช, ืœื ื›ื›ื”?
09:22
They have the social connectedness.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™.
09:24
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:26
The challenge is, that possibly -- and the thing we might have to think about --
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ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื•ื, ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช -- ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืš --
09:29
is that the future
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ืฉื”ืขืชื™ื“
09:31
might not be North American,
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ืขืฉื•ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
09:33
might not be Western European.
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ืขืฉื•ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืจื‘ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
09:35
It might be Latin American.
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ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช.
09:38
And the challenge, really,
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ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื•ื, ื‘ืืžืช,
09:40
is to pull the global average up here.
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ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ืœื›ืืŸ.
09:43
That's what we need to do.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
09:45
And if we're going to do that,
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ื•ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช,
09:47
we need to pull countries from the bottom,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช,
09:50
and we need to pull countries from the right of the graph.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจืฃ.
09:53
And then we're starting to create a happy planet.
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืžืื•ืฉืจ.
09:56
That's one way of looking at it.
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ื–ืืช ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
09:58
Another way of looking at it is looking at time trends.
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ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช, ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ.
10:00
We don't have good data going back for every country in the world,
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
10:03
but for some of the richest countries, the OECD group, we do.
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ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืงื™ื™ื ืœื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื” OECD (ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืœื›ืœื™).
10:06
And this is the trend in well-being over that time,
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ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืžื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ,
10:09
a small increase,
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ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืงืœ,
10:11
but this is the trend in ecological footprint.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ืžื’ืžื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
10:13
And so in strict happy-planet methodology,
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื,
10:16
we've become less efficient
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ื”ืคื›ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื
10:18
at turning our ultimate scarce resource
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ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื ื“ื™ืจ ืฉืœื ื•
10:20
into the outcome we want to.
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ืœืชื•ืฆืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
10:23
And the point really is, is that I think,
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ื•ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘,
10:26
probably everybody in this room
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ืฉื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื–ื”
10:28
would like society to get to 2050
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ื™ืจืฆื” ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื ืช 2050
10:30
without an apocalyptic
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ืœืœื ืื™ืจื•ืข ืืคื•ืงืœื™ืคื˜ื™
10:33
something happening.
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ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืชืจื—ืฉ.
10:35
It's actually not very long away.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ืœื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืื•ื“.
10:37
It's half a human lifetime away.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื ืžื›ืืŸ.
10:39
A child entering school today
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ื™ืœื“ ืฉื ื›ื ืก ื›ื™ื•ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ
10:41
will be my age in 2050.
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2050.
10:43
This is not the very distant future.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืจื—ื•ืง.
10:46
This is what the U.K. government target
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ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ืขื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™
10:49
on carbon and greenhouse emissions looks like.
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ื‘ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ ื•ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื”.
10:53
And I put it to you, that is not business as usual.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืขืกืงื™ื ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ.
10:56
That is changing our business.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
10:58
That is changing the way we create our organizations,
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื,
11:01
we do our government policy and we live our lives.
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื•ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
11:04
And the point is,
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ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื,
11:06
we need to carry on increasing well-being.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”.
11:08
No one can go to the polls
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ืื™ืฉ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœื›ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช
11:10
and say that quality of life is going to reduce.
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ื•ืœืืžืจ ืฉืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœืจื“ืช.
11:13
None of us, I think,
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ืื™ืฉ ืžืื™ืชื ื•, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘,
11:15
want human progress to stop.
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ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืชืขืฆื•ืจ.
11:17
I think we want it to carry on.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืื•ืชื”.
11:19
I think we want the lot of humanity to keep on increasing.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ.
11:21
And I think this is where climate change skeptics and deniers come in.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ืžืžื ื• ื”ืกืคืงื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื›ื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ืžื™ ื‘ืื™ื.
11:24
I think this is what they want. They want quality of life to keep increasing.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื. ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืชืžืฉื™ืš ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ.
11:27
They want to hold on to what they've got.
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ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ืื—ื– ื‘ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื.
11:30
And if we're going to engage them,
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉืœื‘ ืื•ืชื,
11:32
I think that's what we've got to do.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
11:34
And that means we have to really increase efficiency even more.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ื“.
11:37
Now that's all very easy to draw graphs and things like that,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ื’ืจืคื™ื ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื›ืš,
11:40
but the point is we need to turn those curves.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืขืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
11:43
And this is where I think we can take a leaf
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ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื, ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ื™ื“ืข
11:45
out of systems theory, systems engineers,
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ืžืชื™ืื•ืจื™ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช, ื”ื ื“ืกืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช,
11:48
where they create feedback loops,
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœื•ืœืื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื‘,
11:50
put the right information at the right point of time.
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ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
11:53
Human beings are very motivated by the "now."
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืžื”"ืขื›ืฉื™ื•".
11:56
You put a smart meter in your home,
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ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื“ื“ ื—ื›ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœืš,
11:58
and you see how much electricity you're using right now,
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ื•ืจืื” ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉืžืœ ืืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื”,
12:00
how much it's costing you,
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ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืœืš,
12:02
your kids go around and turn the lights off pretty quickly.
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ื™ืœื“ื™ืš ื™ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื• ื•ื™ื›ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื“ื™ ืžื”ืจ.
12:05
What would that look like for society?
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ืจืื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”?
12:08
Why is it, on the radio news every evening,
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืจื‘ ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•,
12:10
I hear the FTSE 100, the Dow Jones, the dollar pound ratio --
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ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืข ืขืœ ืžื“ื“ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืขืจื™ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื—ื•ืฅ --
12:13
I don't even know which way the dollar pound ratio should go to be good news.
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ืื ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉืขืจื™ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
12:16
And why do I hear that?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืข ื–ืืช?
12:18
Why don't I hear how much energy Britain used yesterday,
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื™ ืœื ืฉื•ืžืข ื›ืžื” ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฆืจื›ื” ืืชืžื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”,
12:21
or American used yesterday?
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ืื• ื›ืžื” ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืฆืจื›ื” ืืชืžื•ืœ?
12:23
Did we meet our three percent annual target
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ื”ืื ื”ืฉื’ื ื• ืืช ื™ืขื“ ื”ืฉื ืชื™
12:25
on reducing carbon emissions?
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ืฉืœ ืงื™ืฆื•ืฅ 3% ื‘ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ?
12:27
That's how you create a collective goal.
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ื›ื›ื” ืืชื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื™ืขื“ ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™.
12:29
You put it out there into the media and start thinking about it.
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ืืชื” ืฉื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
12:32
And we need positive feedback loops
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื•ืœืื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™
12:35
for increasing well-being
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ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”.
12:37
At a government level, they might create national accounts of well-being.
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ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื”.
12:40
At a business level, you might look at the well-being of your employees,
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ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ืš,
12:43
which we know is really linked to creativity,
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช,
12:45
which is linked to innovation,
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ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช,
12:47
and we're going to need a lot of innovation to deal with those environmental issues.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
12:50
At a personal level, we need these nudges too.
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ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื’ื ืืช ื”ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
12:54
Maybe we don't quite need the data, but we need reminders.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข, ืื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืชื–ื›ื•ืจื•ืช.
12:57
In the U.K., we have a strong public health message
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ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื™ืฉ ืžืกืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข
13:00
on five fruit and vegetables a day
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ืœื—ืžืฉื” ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื
13:02
and how much exercise we should do -- never my best thing.
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช -- ืžืขื•ืœื” ืœื ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ื›ืš.
13:05
What are these for happiness?
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ืžื” ืืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืฉืจ?
13:08
What are the five things that you should do every day
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ืžื”ื ื—ืžืฉืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื
13:10
to be happier?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ืฉืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ?
13:12
We did a project for the Government Office of Science a couple of years ago,
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ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžื“ืข ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื,
13:15
a big program called the Foresight program --
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ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื”ืงืจื•ื™ื” ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืœื“ --
13:18
lots and lots of people -- involved lots of experts --
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื -- ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื --
13:20
everything evidence based -- a huge tome.
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ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช -- ื›ืจืš ืขืฆื•ื.
13:23
But a piece of work we did was on: what five positive actions can you do
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื”: ืžื”ื ื—ืžืฉืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
13:26
to improve well-being in your life?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?
13:28
And the point of these is
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ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืืœื” ื”ื™ื
13:30
they are, not quite, the secrets of happiness,
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ืฉื”ื, ื‘ืขืจืš, ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืฉืจ,
13:32
but they are things that I think happiness will flow out the side from.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื•ืฉืจ ื™ื–ืจื•ื ื›ืชื•ืฆืจ ืœื•ื•ืื™.
13:35
And the first of these is to connect,
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ,
13:38
is that your social relationships
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ืฉื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื
13:40
are the most important cornerstones of your life.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืš.
13:43
Do you invest the time with your loved ones
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ื”ืื ืืชื” ืžืฉืงื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืขื ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ืš
13:45
that you could do, and energy?
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ?
13:47
Keep building them.
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ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื.
13:49
The second one is be active.
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ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™.
13:51
The fastest way out of a bad mood:
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืœืฆืืช ืžืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื— ืจืข:
13:54
step outside, go for a walk, turn the radio on and dance.
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ืฆื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”, ืฆื ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื”, ื”ื“ืœืง ืืช ื”ืจื“ื™ื• ื•ืจืงื•ื“.
13:57
Being active is great for our positive mood.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื–ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—.
14:00
The third one is take notice.
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ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘.
14:03
How aware are you of things going on around the world,
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ื›ืžื” ืืชื” ืžื•ื“ืข ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืงื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื,
14:06
the seasons changing, people around you?
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ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ื”ืขื•ื ื•ืช, ืื ืฉื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืš?
14:09
Do you notice what's bubbling up for you and trying to emerge?
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ื”ืื ืืชื” ืฉื ืœื‘ ืžื” ืžื‘ืขื‘ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจืš ื•ืžื ืกื” ืœืฆืืช?
14:12
Based on a lot of evidence for mindfulness,
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ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช,
14:14
cognitive behavioral therapy,
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ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™,
14:16
[very] strong for our well being.
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ื–ื” [ืžืื•ื“] ื—ื–ืง ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
14:19
The fourth is keep learning
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ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“
14:21
and keep is important --
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ื•ื”ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ---
14:23
learning throughout the whole life course.
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ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
14:25
Older people who keep learning and are curious,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืฉืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกืงืจื ื™ื ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“,
14:28
they have much better health outcomes than those who start to close down.
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ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืœื” ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกื’ืจ.
14:31
But it doesn't have to be formal learning; it's not knowledge based.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืคื•ืจืžืืœื™ื™ื; ื–ื” ืœื ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื™ื“ืข.
14:33
It's more curiosity.
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกืงืจื ื•ืช.
14:35
It can be learning to cook a new dish,
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ,
14:38
picking up an instrument you forgot as a child.
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ื ื’ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœื™, ืฉืฉื›ื—ืช ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชืš,
14:40
Keep learning.
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ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืœืžื•ื“.
14:42
And the final one
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ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ,
14:44
is that most anti-economic of activities,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืื ื˜ื™ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช,
14:46
but give.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืชื™ื ื”.
14:48
Our generosity, our altruism,
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ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ืืœื˜ืจื•ืื™ื–ื,
14:50
our compassion,
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ื”ื—ืžืœื” ืฉืœื ื•,
14:52
are all hardwired
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ื›ื•ืœื ืžื—ื•ื•ื˜ื™ื
14:54
to the reward mechanism in our brain.
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ืœืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•.
14:56
We feel good if we give.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื.
14:58
You can do an experiment where you give
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ืœืชืช
15:00
two groups of people a hundred dollars in the morning.
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ืœืฉืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืื” ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ.
15:03
You tell one of them to spend it on themselves
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ืืžืจื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืื—ืช ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื
15:06
and one on other people.
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ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ื.
15:08
You measure their happiness at the end of the day,
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ื,
15:10
those that have gone and spent on other people are much happier
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ืืœื” ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ื•ื ืชื ื• ืœืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื
15:12
that those that spent it on themselves.
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ืžืืœื” ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืœืžืขืŸ ืขืฆืžื.
15:15
And these five ways,
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ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื—ืžืฉ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื
15:17
which we put onto these handy postcards,
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ืฉืฉืžื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
15:20
I would say, don't have to cost the earth.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
15:23
They don't have any carbon content.
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ื”ื ืœื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ืชื›ื•ืœื” ืคื—ืžื ื™ืช.
15:25
They don't need a lot of material goods to be satisfied.
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ื”ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืคืงื™ื.
15:29
And so I think it's really quite feasible
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื ื“ื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื
15:31
that happiness does not cost the earth.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืื•ืฉืจ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
15:33
Now, Martin Luther King,
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ื›ืขืช, ืžืจืชื™ืŸ ืœื•ืชืจ ืงื™ื ื’,
15:35
on the eve of his death,
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ืขืจื‘ ืžื•ืชื•,
15:37
gave an incredible speech.
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ื ืชืŸ ื ืื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ.
15:39
He said, "I know there are challenges ahead,
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื ื•,
15:42
there may be trouble ahead,
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"ื™ืฉ ืฆืจื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ื ื•,
15:44
but I fear no one. I don't care.
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"ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืคื—ื“ ืžื”ื. ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœื™.
15:46
I have been to the mountain top,
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"ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ื”ืจ,
15:49
and I have seen the Promised Land."
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"ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช."
15:51
Now, he was a preacher,
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ื›ืขืช, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื˜ื™ืฃ,
15:53
but I believe the environmental movement
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ืืš ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช
15:55
and, in fact, the business community, government,
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช, ื”ืžืžืฉืœ,
15:58
needs to go to the top of the mountain top,
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื˜ืคืก ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ื”ืจ,
16:01
and it needs to look out,
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ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืžืฆื•ื,
16:03
and it needs to see the Promised Land,
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช,
16:05
or the land of promise,
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ืื• ืืช ืืจืฅ ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื”,
16:07
and it needs to have a vision
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ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื—ื–ื•ืŸ,
16:09
of a world that we all want.
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ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
16:12
And not only that, we need to create a Great Transition
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ื–ืืช, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ
16:14
to get there,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื,
16:16
and we need to pave that great transition with good things.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
16:19
Human beings want to be happy.
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ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ืฉืจืช.
16:22
Pave them with the five ways.
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ืกืœื•ืœ ืื•ืชื” ืขื ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื.
16:24
And we need to have signposts
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื
16:26
gathering people together and pointing them --
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ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจื --
16:28
something like the Happy Planet Index.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ืžื“ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจ.
16:30
And then I believe
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ
16:32
that we can all create a world we all want,
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ืฉื›ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื,
16:34
where happiness does not cost the earth.
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ื‘ื• ื”ืื•ืฉืจ ืœื ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื›ื“ื”"ื.
16:37
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)

Original video on YouTube.com
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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