The unheard story of David and Goliath | Malcolm Gladwell

5,439,037 views ・ 2013-09-30

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Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Vesna Savić Lektor: Mile Živković
00:12
So I wanted to tell a story
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Hteo bih da vam ispričam priču
00:13
that really obsessed me when I was writing my new book,
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kojom sam bio opsednut dok sam pisao moju novu knjigu.
00:17
and it's a story of something that happened
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To je priča o nečemu što se dogodilo
00:20
3,000 years ago,
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pre 3000 godina
00:22
when the Kingdom of Israel was in its infancy.
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kada je Izrailjsko kraljevstvo bilo tek u povoju.
00:25
And it takes place in an area called the Shephelah
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Radnja se dešava u oblasti zvanoj Šefela,
00:28
in what is now Israel.
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u današnjem Izraelu.
00:30
And the reason the story obsessed me is that
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Razlog zbog koga sam toliko bio opsednut ovom pričom je to
00:32
I thought I understood it, and then I went back over it
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što sam mislio da je razumem, a kada sam joj se vratio
00:36
and I realized that I didn't understand it at all.
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shvatio sam da je uopšte nisam razumeo.
00:40
Ancient Palestine had a -- along its eastern border,
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Drevna Palestina je, duž istočne granice,
00:44
there's a mountain range.
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imala planinski venac.
00:46
Still same is true of Israel today.
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Isto važi i za današnji Izrael.
00:48
And in the mountain range are all of the ancient cities
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Na tom planinskom vencu su svi drevni gradovi
00:51
of that region, so Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Hebron.
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te oblasti, dakle: Jerusalim, Vitlejem, Hebron.
00:55
And then there's a coastal plain
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Tu postoji i priobalna ravnica
00:57
along the Mediterranean, where Tel Aviv is now.
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duž Mediterana, gde je danas Tel Aviv.
01:01
And connecting the mountain range with the coastal plain
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Ono što povezuje planinski venac sa priobalnom ravnicom
01:04
is an area called the Shephelah,
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je oblast zvana Šefela,
01:06
which is a series of valleys and ridges that run east to west,
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koju čini nekoliko dolina i planinskih grebena koji se prostiru od istoka ka zapadu.
01:10
and you can follow the Shephelah, go through the Shephelah
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Kada pređete Šefelu možete
01:14
to get from the coastal plain to the mountains.
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da se iz priobalne ravnice popnete na planine.
01:16
And the Shephelah, if you've been to Israel, you'll know
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Ako ste bili u Izraelu znate da je Šefela
01:18
it's just about the most beautiful part of Israel.
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otprilike najlepši deo Izraela.
01:20
It's gorgeous, with forests of oak
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Prosto je divna, sa hrastovim šumama
01:23
and wheat fields and vineyards.
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i pirinčanim poljima i vinogradima.
01:26
But more importantly, though, in the history of that region,
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Ali, najvažnija je, ipak, istorija te oblasti.
01:29
it's served, it's had a real strategic function,
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Ona je imala pravu stratešku funkciju,
01:33
and that is, it is the means by which hostile armies
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a to je da su njome neprijateljske vojske
01:36
on the coastal plain find their way,
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probijale put od priobalne ravnice,
01:38
get up into the mountains and threaten those living in the mountains.
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penjući se ka planinama, i ugrožavale ljude koji su gore živeli.
01:42
And 3,000 years ago, that's exactly what happens.
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Upravo se to dešavalo pre 3000 godina.
01:45
The Philistines, who are the biggest of enemies
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Filistejci, najljući neprijatelji
01:49
of the Kingdom of Israel,
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izrailjskog kraljevstva,
01:51
are living in the coastal plain.
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živeli su u priobalnoj ravnici.
01:53
They're originally from Crete. They're a seafaring people.
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Poreklom su sa Krita. I bili su pomorci.
01:56
And they may start to make their way
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Jednom su se uputili
01:58
through one of the valleys of the Shephelah
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kroz jednu šefelsku dolinu
02:00
up into the mountains,
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ka planinama,
02:02
because what they want to do is occupy the highland area
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zato što su hteli da zauzmu brdsko područje
02:04
right by Bethlehem and split the Kingdom of Israel in two.
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blizu Vitlejema i da podele izrailjsko kraljevstvo na dva dela.
02:08
And the Kingdom of Israel, which is headed by King Saul,
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A izrailjsko kraljevstvo, na čelu sa kraljem Saulom,
02:11
obviously catches wind of this,
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očigledno čuje glas o tome,
02:13
and Saul brings his army down from the mountains
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te Saul dovede svoju vojsku sa planina
02:16
and he confronts the Philistines in the Valley of Elah,
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i suoči se s Filistejcima u Dolini Ila,
02:19
one of the most beautiful of the valleys of the Shephelah.
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jednoj od najlepših dolina u Šefeli.
02:22
And the Israelites dig in along the northern ridge,
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Izrailjci se tako ukopaše duž severnog grebena
02:25
and the Philistines dig in along the southern ridge,
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a FIlistinci duž južnog,
02:29
and the two armies just sit there for weeks
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te tako dve vojske nedeljama sedeše tu
02:32
and stare at each other, because they're deadlocked.
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i gledaše se, jer su blokirane.
02:34
Neither can attack the other, because to attack the other side
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Ne mogu da napadnu jedna drugu, jer da bi se napalo
02:36
you've got to come down the mountain into the valley
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mora se sići sa planine u dolinu
02:40
and then up the other side, and you're completely exposed.
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zatim se popeti na drugu stranu, i pritom se potpuno izložiti.
02:42
So finally, to break the deadlock,
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Naposletku, da bi se otkočila blokada,
02:44
the Philistines send their mightiest warrior
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FIlistinci poslaše svog najmoćnijeg ratnika
02:47
down into the valley floor, and he calls out
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dole u dolinu, te on uskliknu,
02:50
and he says to the Israelites,
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reče narodu Izrailja:
02:51
"Send your mightiest warrior down,
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"Pošaljite dole svog najmoćnijeg ratnika,
02:54
and we'll have this out, just the two of us."
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da ovo rešimo samo nas dvojica."
02:56
This was a tradition in ancient warfare called single combat.
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U drevnom ratovanju je postojala tradicija zvana duel najjačih.
03:00
It was a way of settling disputes
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Na taj način su se rešavale rasprave
03:02
without incurring the bloodshed of a major battle.
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bez upuštanja u krvoproliće velike bitke.
03:06
And the Philistine who is sent down,
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A FIlistejac koji je poslat,
03:09
their mighty warrior, is a giant.
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njihov moćni ratnik, je jedan džin.
03:11
He's 6 foot 9.
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Visok je nešto iznad 2 metra.
03:13
He's outfitted head to toe in this glittering bronze armor,
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Od glave do pete je okovan sjajnim bronzanim oklopom,
03:17
and he's got a sword and he's got a javelin
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i poseduje mač, džilit
03:20
and he's got his spear. He is absolutely terrifying.
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i koplje. Apsolutno je zastrašujuć.
03:23
And he's so terrifying that none of the Israelite soldiers want to fight him.
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Toliko je zastrašujuć da nijedan vojnik izrailjske vojske neće da se bori s njim.
03:28
It's a death wish, right? There's no way they think they can take him.
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To je prevelik rizik, zar ne? Nema šanse da i pomisle da mogu da ga savladaju.
03:32
And finally the only person who will come forward
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Na kraju, jedina osoba koja sme da istupi
03:35
is this young shepherd boy,
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je jedan mladi pastir,
03:37
and he goes up to Saul and he says, "I'll fight him."
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koji priđe Saulu i kaže: "Ja ću se boriti s njim."
03:40
And Saul says, "You can't fight him. That's ridiculous.
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A Saul odgovori: "Ne možeš se boriti s njim. To je suludo.
03:43
You're this kid. This is this mighty warrior."
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Ti si samo dečak. On moćni ratnik."
03:45
But the shepherd is adamant. He says, "No, no, no,
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Ali pastir ne popušta. Kaže: "Ne, ne, ne,
03:48
you don't understand, I have been defending my flock
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ne razumeš, ja branim moje stado
03:51
against lions and wolves for years. I think I can do it."
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od lavova i vukova godinama. Mogu se boriti s njim."
03:55
And Saul has no choice. He's got no one else who's come forward.
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Saul nema izbora. Niko drugi neće da istupi.
03:58
So he says, "All right."
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Tako da kaže: "U redu."
03:59
And then he turns to the kid, and he says,
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I onda se okrenu i reče dečku:
04:01
"But you've got to wear this armor. You can't go as you are."
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"Ali moraš nositi ovaj oklop. Ne možeš tek tako."
04:04
So he tries to give the shepherd his armor,
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Te on pokuša da pastiru da svoj oklop
04:07
and the shepherd says, "No."
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ali on odvrati: "Ne."
04:08
He says, "I can't wear this stuff."
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Reče: "Ne mogu to da nosim."
04:10
The Biblical verse is, "I cannot wear this for I have not proved it,"
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Biblijski stih kaže: "Ne mogu da ga nosim jer nisam navikao",
04:14
meaning, "I've never worn armor before. You've got to be crazy."
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što znači: "Nisam nikad nosio oklop. Mora da si lud."
04:18
So he reaches down instead on the ground
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Potom se saginje i sa zemlje
04:20
and picks up five stones
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podiže pet kamenova
04:22
and puts them in his shepherd's bag
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i stavlja ih u svoju pastirsku torbu
04:24
and starts to walk down the mountainside to meet the giant.
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te se uputi padinom da se suoči sa džinom.
04:29
And the giant sees this figure approaching,
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Džin uoči da mu se nekakva prilika približava
04:31
and calls out, "Come to me so I can feed your flesh
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i povika: "Priđi mi da tvojim mesom nahranim
04:34
to the birds of the heavens and the beasts of the field."
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ptice na nebu i zveri na polju."
04:38
He issues this kind of taunt towards this person
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To govori da bi se narugao toj osobi
04:42
coming to fight him.
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koja dolazi da se bori s njim.
04:43
And the shepherd draws closer and closer,
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Kako se pastir približava,
04:47
and the giant sees that he's carrying a staff.
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džin uočava da on nosi štap.
04:50
That's all he's carrying.
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To je sve što pastir nosi.
04:51
Instead of a weapon, just this shepherd's staff,
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Umesto oružja, samo pastirski štap,
04:53
and he says -- he's insulted --
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- uvređen je - i kaže:
04:55
"Am I a dog that you would come to me with sticks?"
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"Jesam li kakav pas da mi dolaziš sa štapovima?"
04:59
And the shepherd boy takes one of his stones
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Mladi pastir izvadi jedan kamen
05:02
out of his pocket, puts it in his sling
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iz džepa, stavi ga u praćku,
05:05
and rolls it around and lets it fly
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zavrte njome i otpusti kamen da odleti,
05:07
and it hits the giant right between the eyes --
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te pogodi džina tačno među oči -
05:10
right here, in his most vulnerable spot --
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baš ovde, u ovu najslabiju tačku -
05:12
and he falls down either dead or unconscious,
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i džin pade dole mrtav ili bez svesti,
05:15
and the shepherd boy runs up and takes his sword
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a mladi pastir pritrča i isuče džinov mač
05:18
and cuts off his head,
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i odseče mu glavu.
05:19
and the Philistines see this and they turn and they just run.
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Čim videše ovo, Filistinci se okretoše i pobegoše.
05:25
And of course, the name of the giant is Goliath
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Naravno, džinovo ime je Golijat
05:29
and the name of the shepherd boy is David,
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a ime mladog pastira je David,
05:32
and the reason that story has obsessed me
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a razlog zbog kog sam bio opsednut ovom pričom
05:35
over the course of writing my book
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tokom pisanja moje knjige
05:36
is that everything I thought I knew about that story
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je to što se sve što sam mislio da znam o toj priči
05:39
turned out to be wrong.
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ispostavilo kao netačno.
05:42
So David, in that story, is supposed to be the underdog, right?
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David je u u toj priči pretpostavljen kao slabiji, zar ne?
05:46
In fact, that term, David and Goliath,
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Taj izraz - David i Golijat -
05:48
has entered our language as a metaphor for
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ušao je u engleski jezik kao metafora za
05:51
improbable victories
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neočekivanu pobedu
05:53
by some weak party over someone far stronger.
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slabijeg nad mnogo jačim protivnikom.
05:56
Now why do we call David an underdog?
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Ali zašto Davida nazivamo slabijim?
05:58
Well, we call him an underdog because he's a kid,
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Zovemo ga slabijim zato što je dečak,
06:01
a little kid, and Goliath is this big, strong giant.
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mladić, a Golijat je veliki, jaki džin.
06:05
We also call him an underdog
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Takođe ga zovemo slabijim
06:07
because Goliath is an experienced warrior,
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jer je Golijat iskusan ratnik,
06:11
and David is just a shepherd.
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a David je jedan običan pastir.
06:12
But most importantly, we call him an underdog
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Ali, najvažnije, zovemo ga slabijim
06:15
because all he has is -- it's that Goliath is outfitted with
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jer ima samo - Golijat je prekriven
06:20
all of this modern weaponry,
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modernim naoružanjem,
06:22
this glittering coat of armor
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sjajnim oklopom,
06:24
and a sword and a javelin and a spear,
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mačem, džilitom i kopljem -
06:27
and all David has is this sling.
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a David ima samo praćku.
06:31
Well, let's start there with the phrase
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Hajde da počnemo od te rečenice:
06:33
"All David has is this sling,"
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"David ima samo praćku",
06:35
because that's the first mistake that we make.
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jer je to prva greška koju pravimo.
06:38
In ancient warfare, there are three kinds of warriors.
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U drevnom ratovanju, postojale su tri vrste ratnika.
06:42
There's cavalry, men on horseback and with chariots.
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Postojala je konjica - ljudi na konjima i sa kočijama.
06:45
There's heavy infantry, which are foot soldiers,
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Postojala je teška pešadija - vojnici na zemlji,
06:48
armed foot soldiers with swords and shields
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vojnici na zemlji u oklopu i sa mačevima i štitovima
06:51
and some kind of armor.
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i nekom vrstom oklopa.
06:53
And there's artillery, and artillery are archers,
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Postojala je i artiljerija - iliti strelci,
06:56
but, more importantly, slingers.
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ali najvažnije - strelci s praćkama.
06:58
And a slinger is someone who has a leather pouch
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Strelac s praćkom je osoba koja ima kožni remen
07:01
with two long cords attached to it,
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za koji su zakačena dva kanapa,
07:04
and they put a projectile, either a rock or a lead ball,
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i u to se stavi projektil - kamen ili olovna kugla -
07:07
inside the pouch, and they whirl it around like this
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u taj remen, i time se vrti ukrug, ovako,
07:10
and they let one of the cords go,
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i onda se jedan kanap otpusti
07:13
and the effect is to send the projectile forward
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čime se projektil pošalje napred
07:17
towards its target.
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ka meti.
07:20
That's what David has, and it's important to understand
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To je David imao, i važno je shvatiti
07:23
that that sling is not a slingshot.
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da ta njegova praćka nije praćka kakvu znamo.
07:26
It's not this, right? It's not a child's toy.
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Nije ovakva, zar ne? Nije dečija igračka.
07:28
It's in fact an incredibly devastating weapon.
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Zapravo, ona je neverovatno razorno oružje.
07:32
When David rolls it around like this,
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Kada David ovako zavrti praćkom,
07:35
he's turning the sling around probably
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okreće je verovatno
07:38
at six or seven revolutions per second,
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šest ili sedam puta u sekundi
07:41
and that means that when the rock is released,
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što znači da, kada otpusti kamen,
07:45
it's going forward really fast,
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on će leteti unapred velikom brzinom,
07:47
probably 35 meters per second.
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verovatno oko 35 m/s.
07:49
That's substantially faster than a baseball
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To je znatno brže i od loptice za bejzbol
07:52
thrown by even the finest of baseball pitchers.
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koju baci čak i najbolji bacač.
07:56
More than that, the stones in the Valley of Elah
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Uz to, kamenje u dolini Ila
08:00
were not normal rocks. They were barium sulphate,
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nije bilo obično. Bilo je od barita,
08:03
which are rocks twice the density of normal stones.
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dvostruko veće gustine od običnog kamenja.
08:06
If you do the calculations on the ballistics,
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Ako uradite balističko merenje
08:09
on the stopping power of the rock fired from David's sling,
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zaustavne snage kamena ispaljenog iz Davidove praćke,
08:13
it's roughly equal to the stopping power
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videćete da je približno jednako zaustavnoj snazi
08:15
of a [.45 caliber] handgun.
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metka iz pištolja kalibra 45 mm.
08:18
This is an incredibly devastating weapon.
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To je neverovatno razorno oružje.
08:21
Accuracy, we know from historical records
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Preciznost - iz istorijskih zapisa znamo
08:26
that slingers -- experienced slingers could hit
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da iskusni strelci s praćkom mogu pogoditi
08:30
and maim or even kill a target at distances of up to 200 yards.
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i osakatiti, ili čak ubiti, metu na razdaljni i do skoro 180 m.
08:36
From medieval tapestries, we know that slingers
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Preko srednjovekovnih tapiserija znamo da su strelci s praćkom
08:39
were capable of hitting birds in flight.
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bili sposobni da pogode pticu u letu.
08:42
They were incredibly accurate.
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Bili su neverovatno precizni.
08:44
When David lines up -- and he's not 200 yards away from Goliath,
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Kada David nišani - a od Golijata nije udaljen 180 m,
08:48
he's quite close to Goliath --
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prilično mu je blizu -
08:49
when he lines up and fires that thing at Goliath,
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kada nanišani i ispali kamen ka Golijatu,
08:53
he has every intention and every expectation
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on ima nameru i očekuje
08:56
of being able to hit Goliath at his most vulnerable spot
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da ga pogodi u najslabiju tačku
08:59
between his eyes.
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između očiju.
09:00
If you go back over the history of ancient warfare,
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Ako se vratimo istoriji drevnog ratovanja,
09:02
you will find time and time again
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naići ćemo na bezbroj primera
09:05
that slingers were the decisive factor against infantry
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u kojima su strelci s praćkom bili ključni faktor protiv pešadije
09:09
in one kind of battle or another.
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u jednoj ili drugoj vrsti borbe.
09:14
So what's Goliath? He's heavy infantry,
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A šta je Golijat? On je teški pešadinac
09:18
and his expectation when he challenges the Israelites to a duel
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i kada izazove Izrailjce na dvoboj, on očekuje
09:23
is that he's going to be fighting another heavy infantryman.
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da će se boriti sa istim takvim pešadincem.
09:27
When he says, "Come to me that I might
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Kada kaže: "Priđi mi da
09:29
feed your flesh to the birds of the heavens and the beasts of the field,"
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tvojim mesom nahranim ptice na nebu i zveri u polju",
09:32
the key phrase is "Come to me."
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ključni deo je: "Priđi mi."
09:34
Come up to me because we're going to fight,
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Priđi mi jer ćemo se boriti,
09:36
hand to hand, like this.
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prsa u prsa, ovako.
09:38
Saul has the same expectation.
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Saul isto očekuje.
09:40
David says, "I want to fight Goliath,"
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David je kazao: "Hoću da se borim s Golijatom",
09:42
and Saul tries to give him his armor,
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a Saul je pokušao da mu da svoj oklop,
09:44
because Saul is thinking, "Oh, when you say 'fight Goliath,'
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jer misli: "Kada kažeš da se boriš s Golijatom
09:47
you mean 'fight him in hand-to-hand combat,'
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misliš 'boriš se prsa u prsa',
09:50
infantry on infantry."
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pešadinac na pešadinca."
09:52
But David has absolutely no expectation.
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Ali David ništa ne očekuje.
09:55
He's not going to fight him that way. Why would he?
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Neće se s njim tako boriti. I zašto bi?
09:58
He's a shepherd. He's spent his entire career
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On je pastir. Čitav vek je koristio
10:01
using a sling to defend his flock against lions and wolves.
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praćku da stado odbrani od lavova i vukova.
10:05
That's where his strength lies.
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U tome leži njegova snaga.
10:07
So here he is, this shepherd, experienced
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I eto njega, pastira, iskusnog
10:09
in the use of a devastating weapon,
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u upotrebi tog razornog oružja,
10:11
up against this lumbering giant
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kako se suočava s jednim gorostasom,
10:14
weighed down by a hundred pounds of armor
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opasanim oklopom od oko 60 kg
10:17
and these incredibly heavy weapons
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i neverovatno teškim oružjem
10:18
that are useful only in short-range combat.
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koje je korisno samo u borbi prsa u prsa.
10:22
Goliath is a sitting duck. He doesn't have a chance.
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Golijat je kao glineni golub. Nema nikakve šanse.
10:26
So why do we keep calling David an underdog,
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Pa zašto onda Davida nazivamo slabijim
10:29
and why do we keep referring to his victory as improbable?
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i zašto njegovu pobedu zovemo neverovatnom?
10:35
There's a second piece of this that's important.
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Postoji još jedna bitna stvar.
10:38
It's not just that we misunderstand David
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Nismo pogrešno shvatili samo Davida
10:41
and his choice of weaponry.
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i njegov izbor naoružanja.
10:43
It's also that we profoundly misunderstand Goliath.
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Suštinski smo pogrešno shvatili i Golijata.
10:46
Goliath is not what he seems to be.
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Golijat nije onakav kakav nam se čini.
10:50
There's all kinds of hints of this in the Biblical text,
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Postoje razne naznake u biblijskom tekstu,
10:54
things that are in retrospect quite puzzling
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stvari koje su prilično zbunjujuće kada se pogleda unazad
10:56
and don't square with his image as this mighty warrior.
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i koje nisu u skladu sa tom slikom moćnog ratnika.
11:00
So to begin with, the Bible says that Goliath
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Za početak, Biblija kaže da Golijata
11:04
is led onto the valley floor by an attendant.
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do doline dovodi sluga.
11:08
Now that is weird, right?
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Nije li to čudno?
11:10
Here is this mighty warrior
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Jedan moćni ratnik
11:12
challenging the Israelites to one-on-one combat.
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izaziva Izrailjce na borbu jedan-na-jedan.
11:15
Why is he being led by the hand
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Zašto ga za ruku vodi
11:17
by some young boy, presumably,
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neki, možda, mladić,
11:20
to the point of combat?
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na liniju borbe?
11:23
Secondly, the Bible story makes special note
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Druga stvar, biblijska priča posebno beleži
11:27
of how slowly Goliath moves,
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kako se Golijat sporo kreće,
11:30
another odd thing to say when you're describing
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što je još jedna čudna stvar kada se opisuje
11:32
the mightiest warrior known to man at that point.
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najmoćniji ratnik do tada poznat čoveku.
11:36
And then there's this whole weird thing
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Potom je tu i taj neobičan podatak
11:38
about how long it takes Goliath to react
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o tome koliko Golijatu treba da odreaguje
11:42
to the sight of David.
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kada se David pojavi.
11:44
So David's coming down the mountain,
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Dakle, David silazi s planine
11:47
and he's clearly not preparing for hand-to-hand combat.
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i očigledno se ne sprema za borbu prsa u prsa.
11:51
There is nothing about him that says,
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Ništa na njemu ne ukazuje na to da
11:53
"I am about to fight you like this."
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će da se tako bori s njim.
11:55
He's not even carrying a sword.
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Ne nosi čak ni mač.
11:57
Why does Goliath not react to that?
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Zašto Golijat ne reaguje na to?
11:59
It's as if he's oblivious to what's going on that day.
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Kao da nije svestan šta se tog dana dešava.
12:03
And then there's that strange comment he makes to David:
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Tu je i čudna opaska koju uputi Davidu:
12:07
"Am I a dog that you should come to me with sticks?"
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"Jesam li kakav pas da mi dolaziš sa štapovima?"
12:12
Sticks? David only has one stick.
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Štapovima? David ima samo jedan štap.
12:15
Well, it turns out that there's been a great deal
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Ispostavilo se da se
12:18
of speculation within the medical community over the years
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tokom godina u medicini dosta raspravljalo
12:21
about whether there is something
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o tome da li nešto
12:23
fundamentally wrong with Goliath,
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stvarno nije u redu s Golijatom.
12:26
an attempt to make sense of all of those apparent anomalies.
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Pokušano je traženje smisla u tim očiglednim anomalijama.
12:30
There have been many articles written.
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Napisano je mnogo članaka.
12:31
The first one was in 1960 in the Indiana Medical Journal,
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Prvi je objavljen 1960. u časopisu Medicinskog udruženja države Indijana,
12:35
and it started a chain of speculation
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i pokrenuo je niz pretpostavki
12:37
that starts with an explanation for Goliath's height.
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koje počinju objašnjavanjem Golijatove visine.
12:40
So Goliath is head and shoulders above
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Golijat je bio za glavu viši
12:43
all of his peers in that era,
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od svih vršnjaka u to doba,
12:45
and usually when someone is that far out of the norm,
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i obično, kada je neko toliko iznad proseka,
12:49
there's an explanation for it.
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postoji objašnjenje.
12:51
So the most common form of giantism
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Najčešći oblik gigantizma
12:54
is a condition called acromegaly,
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je stanje poznato kao akromegalija.
12:57
and acromegaly is caused by a benign tumor
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koju uzrokuje dobroćudni tumor
13:00
on your pituitary gland
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na hipofizi,
13:02
that causes an overproduction of human growth hormone.
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a koji uzrokuje prekomerno lučenje hormona rasta.
13:05
And throughout history, many of the most famous giants
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Tokom istorije, mnogi poznati džinovi
13:09
have all had acromegaly.
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imali su akromegaliju.
13:10
So the tallest person of all time
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Najviši čovek svih vremena
13:12
was a guy named Robert Wadlow
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bio je Robert Vadlou,
13:14
who was still growing when he died at the age of 24
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koji je i dalje rastao kada je umro u 24. godini
13:17
and he was 8 foot 11.
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a bio je visok oko 2,5 m.
13:20
He had acromegaly.
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Imao je akromegaliju.
13:21
Do you remember the wrestler André the Giant?
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Pamtite li rvača, Džina Andrea?
13:24
Famous. He had acromegaly.
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Bio je poznat. Imao je akromegaliju.
13:26
There's even speculation that Abraham Lincoln had acromegaly.
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Postoje čak i pretpostavke da je i Abraham Linkoln imao akromegaliju.
13:30
Anyone who's unusually tall,
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Za bilo čiju neobičnu visinu
13:31
that's the first explanation we come up with.
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to je prvo objašnjenje koje nam padne na pamet.
13:34
And acromegaly has a very distinct set of side effects
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A akromegalija ima izrazite propratne
13:38
associated with it,
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nuspojave,
13:39
principally having to do with vision.
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a prvenstveno se tiču vida.
13:43
The pituitary tumor, as it grows,
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Kako se povećava, tumor na hipofizi
13:46
often starts to compress the visual nerves in your brain,
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obično pritiska vizuelni nerv u mozgu,
13:50
with the result that people with acromegaly
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što rezultira da ljudi s akromegalijom
13:53
have either double vision or they are profoundly nearsighted.
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ili duplo vide ili su kratkovidi.
13:58
So when people have started to speculate
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Kada su ljudi počeli da prave pretpostavke
14:01
about what might have been wrong with Goliath,
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o tome šta nije u redu s Golijatom,
14:04
they've said, "Wait a minute,
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rekli su: "Čekaj malo,
14:05
he looks and sounds an awful lot like someone
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on veoma podseća na osobu
14:08
who has acromegaly."
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koja ima akromegaliju."
14:10
And that would also explain so much of what was strange
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To bi objasnilo mnoge čudne stvari
14:12
about his behavior that day.
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u njegovom ponašanju toga dana.
14:15
Why does he move so slowly
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Zašto se sporo kreće
14:16
and have to be escorted down into the valley floor
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i zašto do doline mora da bude
14:20
by an attendant?
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u pratnji sluge?
14:21
Because he can't make his way on his own.
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Zato što ne može da se snađe sam.
14:24
Why is he so strangely oblivious to David
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Zašto uopšte nije svestan Davidovog prisustva,
14:28
that he doesn't understand that David's not going to fight him
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toliko da ne shvata da će ga pogoditi
14:30
until the very last moment?
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do poslednjeg trenutka?
14:32
Because he can't see him.
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Zato što ga ne vidi.
14:35
When he says, "Come to me that I might feed your flesh
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Kada kaže: "Priđi mi da tvojim mesom
14:38
to the birds of the heavens and the beasts of the field,"
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nahranim ptice na nebu i zveri na polju",
14:41
the phrase "come to me" is a hint also of his vulnerability.
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poziv 'priđi mi' nagoveštava njegovu ranjivost.
14:45
Come to me because I can't see you.
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Priđi mi jer te ne vidim.
14:48
And then there's, "Am I a dog that you should come to me with sticks?"
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A kada kaže: "Jesam li kakav pas da mi dolaziš sa štapovima?"
14:54
He sees two sticks when David has only one.
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On vidi dva štapa, a David nosi samo jedan.
14:59
So the Israelites up on the mountain ridge
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A Izrailjci ga s tog planinskog venca
15:02
looking down on him thought he was
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posmatraju i misle da je on samo
15:04
this extraordinarily powerful foe.
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jedan veoma moćan neprijatelj.
15:07
What they didn't understand was that
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Oni nisu shvatali da
15:09
the very thing that was the source of his apparent strength
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je očigledni izvor njegove snage
15:12
was also the source of his greatest weakness.
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takođe izvor njegove najveće slabosti.
15:16
And there is, I think, in that,
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I u svemu tome mislim da
15:18
a very important lesson for all of us.
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leži jedna vrlo važna pouka svima.
15:21
Giants are not as strong and powerful as they seem.
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Džinovi nisu tako moćni kako se čini.
15:25
And sometimes the shepherd boy has a sling in his pocket.
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A mladi pastir nekad drži praćku u džepu.
15:29
Thank you.
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Hvala.
15:30
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
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