The unheard story of David and Goliath | Malcolm Gladwell

Translator: Herwindy Maria Tedjaatmadja Reviewer: Rien Chaerani

So I wanted to tell a story

Saya akan menceritakan satu kisah

that really obsessed me when I was writing my new book,

yang sangat menyita pikiran saya ketika saya sedang menulis buku baru,

and it's a story of something that happened

dan itu adalah kisah tentang sesuatu yang terjadi

3,000 years ago,

3.000 tahun silam,

when the Kingdom of Israel was in its infancy.

ketika Kerajaan Israel baru berdiri.

And it takes place in an area called the Shephelah

Kisah itu terjadi di sebuah wilayah yang disebut Sefela,

in what is now Israel.

dalam wilayah yang kini adalah Israel.

And the reason the story obsessed me is that

Kisah ini menyita pikiran saya karena

I thought I understood it, and then I went back over it

saya merasa memahaminya, tapi lalu ketika saya mengecek ulang

and I realized that I didn't understand it at all.

saya sadar bahwa saya tidak mengerti sama sekali.

Ancient Palestine had a -- along its eastern border,

Di Palestina kuno -- di sepanjang perbatasan timurnya,

there's a mountain range.

terdapat pegunungan.

Still same is true of Israel today.

Dan masih ada di Israel sekarang.

And in the mountain range are all of the ancient cities

Dan di pegunungan itu, terletak semua kota kuno

of that region, so Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Hebron.

di wilayah tersebut, yakni Yerusalem, Betlehem, Hebron.

And then there's a coastal plain

Kemudian ada dataran pantai

along the Mediterranean, where Tel Aviv is now.

di sepanjang Mediterania, dimana Tel Aviv sekarang berada.

And connecting the mountain range with the coastal plain

Dan yang menghubungkan pegunungan dengan dataran pantai itu

is an area called the Shephelah,

adalah daerah yang disebut Sefela,

which is a series of valleys and ridges that run east to west,

yakni rangkaian lembah dan gunung yang terbentang dari timur ke barat,

and you can follow the Shephelah, go through the Shephelah

dan kita dapat menyusuri Sefela, melewati Sefela

to get from the coastal plain to the mountains.

dari dataran pantai untuk mencapai pegunungan.

And the Shephelah, if you've been to Israel, you'll know

Anda yang pernah ke Israel pasti tahu

it's just about the most beautiful part of Israel.

Sefela adalah tempat yang paling indah di Israel.

It's gorgeous, with forests of oak

Sangat indah, dengan hutan ek,

and wheat fields and vineyards.

ladang gandum, dan kebun anggur.

But more importantly, though, in the history of that region,

Namun yang lebih penting, dalam sejarah wilayah tersebut,

it's served, it's had a real strategic function,

Sefela memegang peran, memiliki fungsi strategis nyata,

and that is, it is the means by which hostile armies

yakni, Sefela merupakan jalur bagi tentara musuh

on the coastal plain find their way,

dari dataran pantai untuk

get up into the mountains and threaten those living in the mountains.

naik ke pegunungan dan mengancam orang-orang yang tinggal di sana.

And 3,000 years ago, that's exactly what happens.

3.000 tahun silam, itulah yang terjadi.

The Philistines, who are the biggest of enemies

Bangsa Filistin, musuh terbesar

of the Kingdom of Israel,

Kerajaan Israel,

are living in the coastal plain.

tinggal di dataran pantai.

They're originally from Crete. They're a seafaring people.

Asal muasal mereka dari Kreta. Mereka adalah bangsa pelaut.

And they may start to make their way

Mereka baru saja mulai bergerak

through one of the valleys of the Shephelah

melewati salah satu lembah di Sefela

up into the mountains,

naik sampai pegunungan,

because what they want to do is occupy the highland area

karena mereka ingin menduduki dataran tinggi

right by Bethlehem and split the Kingdom of Israel in two.

tepat di dekat Betlehem dan memecah Kerajaan Israel menjadi dua.

And the Kingdom of Israel, which is headed by King Saul,

Kerajaan Israel, yang dipimpin Raja Saul,

obviously catches wind of this,

jelas mendengar hembusan kabar ini,

and Saul brings his army down from the mountains

dan Saul membawa bala tentara turun dari pegunungan

and he confronts the Philistines in the Valley of Elah,

dan ia menghadang bangsa Filistin di Lembah Tarbantin,

one of the most beautiful of the valleys of the Shephelah.

salah satu lembah terindah di Sefela.

And the Israelites dig in along the northern ridge,

Bangsa Israel bertahan di sepanjang pegunungan Utara,

and the Philistines dig in along the southern ridge,

lalu bangsa Filistin bertahan di sepanjang pegunungan Selatan,

and the two armies just sit there for weeks

dan kedua pasukan hanya duduk di sana berminggu-minggu

and stare at each other, because they're deadlocked.

dan saling menatap, karena mereka mati kutu.

Neither can attack the other, because to attack the other side

Mereka tak bisa saling menyerang,

you've got to come down the mountain into the valley

karena mereka harus turun dari gunung ke dalam lembah

and then up the other side, and you're completely exposed.

dan naik ke lokasi musuh, sehingga mudah diserang.

So finally, to break the deadlock,

Akhirnya, untuk memecah kebuntuan,

the Philistines send their mightiest warrior

bangsa Filistin mengirim prajurit terkuat mereka

down into the valley floor, and he calls out

turun ke dasar lembah, dan prajurit itu berteriak

and he says to the Israelites,

dan berkata pada bangsa Israel,

"Send your mightiest warrior down,

"Turunkan prajurit terkuat kalian,

and we'll have this out, just the two of us."

dan kami akan bertarung, berdua saja.

This was a tradition in ancient warfare called single combat.

Ini adalah tradisi perang kuno yang disebut duel tunggal.

It was a way of settling disputes

Cara menyelesaikan perselisihan

without incurring the bloodshed of a major battle.

tanpa menimbulkan pertumpahan darah dalam pertempuran besar.

And the Philistine who is sent down,

Orang Filistin yang diturunkan,

their mighty warrior, is a giant.

prajurit terkuat mereka, adalah raksasa.

He's 6 foot 9.

Tingginya lebih dari dua meter.

He's outfitted head to toe in this glittering bronze armor,

Ia mengenakan zirah perunggu mengkilat dari kepala sampai kaki,

and he's got a sword and he's got a javelin

lalu ia membawa pedang dan lembing

and he's got his spear. He is absolutely terrifying.

dan tombak. Ia benar-benar mengerikan.

And he's so terrifying that none of the Israelite soldiers want to fight him.

Raksasa itu begitu mengerikan sehingga tak satu pun serdadu Israel mau menantangnya.

It's a death wish, right? There's no way they think they can take him.

Kecuali jika ingin mati, bukan? Mereka pikir mustahil bisa mengalahkannya.

And finally the only person who will come forward

Akhirnya satu-satunya orang yang bersedia maju

is this young shepherd boy,

adalah seorang gembala muda,

and he goes up to Saul and he says, "I'll fight him."

yang menghadap Saul dan berkata, "Aku akan melawan dia."

And Saul says, "You can't fight him. That's ridiculous.

Saul menjawab, "Kau tak bisa melawannya. Tidak mungkin.

You're this kid. This is this mighty warrior."

Kau masih kecil. Ini prajurit terkuat."

But the shepherd is adamant. He says, "No, no, no,

Namun, gembala itu bersikukuh. Ia berkilah, "Tidak,

you don't understand, I have been defending my flock

Paduka tidak mengerti, aku sudah mempertahankan hewan ternak

against lions and wolves for years. I think I can do it."

dari serangan singa dan serigala selama bertahun-tahun. Aku bisa."

And Saul has no choice. He's got no one else who's come forward.

Saul tak punya pilihan. Tak ada orang lain yang maju.

So he says, "All right."

Maka ia menyerah, "Baiklah."

And then he turns to the kid, and he says,

Kemudian ia berkata,

"But you've got to wear this armor. You can't go as you are."

"Tapi kau harus memakai zirah ini. Kau tak bisa pergi tanpa ini."

So he tries to give the shepherd his armor,

Maka Saul memberikan zirahnya pada gembala itu,

and the shepherd says, "No."

dan si gembala menolak.

He says, "I can't wear this stuff."

Ia menampik, "Aku tak bisa memakai ini."

The Biblical verse is, "I cannot wear this for I have not proved it,"

Dalam Alkitab tertulis, "Aku tak bisa memakai ini karena aku belum mencobanya,"

meaning, "I've never worn armor before. You've got to be crazy."

yang berarti, "Aku belum pernah memakai zirah. Kau gila."

So he reaches down instead on the ground

Gembala itu malah membungkuk ke tanah

and picks up five stones

dan memungut lima batu

and puts them in his shepherd's bag

lalu menyimpannya dalam kantung

and starts to walk down the mountainside to meet the giant.

dan mulai berjalan menuruni sisi gunung untuk mendatangi raksasa itu.

And the giant sees this figure approaching,

Sang raksasa melihat sosok ini mendekat,

and calls out, "Come to me so I can feed your flesh

dan berteriak, "Datanglah padaku agar aku bisa memberi dagingmu

to the birds of the heavens and the beasts of the field."

pada burung-burung di udara dan hewan-hewan di padang."

He issues this kind of taunt towards this person

Ia melontarkan cemooh seperti ini kepada orang

coming to fight him.

yang datang untuk menantangnya.

And the shepherd draws closer and closer,

Gembala itu datang semakin dekat,

and the giant sees that he's carrying a staff.

lalu raksasa itu melihat gembala membawa tongkat.

That's all he's carrying.

Hanya itu yang dia bawa.

Instead of a weapon, just this shepherd's staff,

Bukan senjata, hanya tongkat gembala,

and he says -- he's insulted --

dan raksasa berkata -- merasa terhina --

"Am I a dog that you would come to me with sticks?"

"Apa aku ini anjing sehingga kau datang padaku dengan tongkat-tongkat?"

And the shepherd boy takes one of his stones

Anak gembala itu mengeluarkan batu

out of his pocket, puts it in his sling

dari sakunya, memasangnya di ketapel,

and rolls it around and lets it fly

memutar dan kemudian melontarkannya.

and it hits the giant right between the eyes --

Batu itu mendarat tepat di antara kedua mata raksasa --

right here, in his most vulnerable spot --

tepat di sini, di tempat paling rentan--

and he falls down either dead or unconscious,

dan raksasa terjatuh, entah mati atau tak sadarkan diri,

and the shepherd boy runs up and takes his sword

lalu anak gembala mendekat dan mengambil pedangnya

and cuts off his head,

kemudian memenggal kepalanya,

and the Philistines see this and they turn and they just run.

dan bangsa Filistin melihat ini lalu mereka berbalik dan lari bergitu saja.

And of course, the name of the giant is Goliath

Tentu saja, nama raksasa itu adalah Goliat

and the name of the shepherd boy is David,

dan nama anak gembala itu adalah Daud,

and the reason that story has obsessed me

dan cerita itu menyita pikiran saya

over the course of writing my book

selama menulis buku karena

is that everything I thought I knew about that story

segala sesuatu yang saya pikir saya tahu tentang cerita itu

turned out to be wrong.

ternyata salah.

So David, in that story, is supposed to be the underdog, right?

Daud, dalam cerita itu, dianggap sebagai anak bawang, bukan?

In fact, that term, David and Goliath,

Bahkan, ungkapan "Daud dan Goliat,"

has entered our language as a metaphor for

masuk dalam bahasa kita sebagai metafora untuk

improbable victories

kemenangan yang meragukan

by some weak party over someone far stronger.

oleh pihak yang lemah atas sosok yang jauh lebih kuat.

Now why do we call David an underdog?

Mengapa kita menganggap Daud anak bawang?

Well, we call him an underdog because he's a kid,

Ya, kita menganggapnya anak bawang karena dia seorang bocah,

a little kid, and Goliath is this big, strong giant.

anak kecil, dan Goliat adalah raksasa besar yang kuat.

We also call him an underdog

Kita juga menganggap Daud anak bawang

because Goliath is an experienced warrior,

karena Goliat adalah prajurit berpengalaman,

and David is just a shepherd.

dan Daud hanya gembala.

But most importantly, we call him an underdog

Namun, yang paling penting, kita menganggapnya anak bawang

because all he has is -- it's that Goliath is outfitted with

karena dia hanya punya -- sementara Goliat dilengkapi dengan

all of this modern weaponry,

semua senjata modern,

this glittering coat of armor

baju zirah yang mengkilat,

and a sword and a javelin and a spear,

pedang, lembing, dan tombak,

and all David has is this sling.

dan Daud hanya punya ketapel.

Well, let's start there with the phrase

Mari kita mulai dengan frase

"All David has is this sling,"

"Daud hanya punya ketapel,"

because that's the first mistake that we make.

karena itulah kesalahan pertama yang kita buat.

In ancient warfare, there are three kinds of warriors.

Dalam perang kuno,ada tiga jenis prajurit.

There's cavalry, men on horseback and with chariots.

Ada kavaleri, pasukan berkuda, dan berkereta.

There's heavy infantry, which are foot soldiers,

Ada infanteri berat, pasukan jalan kaki,

armed foot soldiers with swords and shields

serdadu bersenjata pedang dan tameng

and some kind of armor.

serta semacam zirah.

And there's artillery, and artillery are archers,

Kemudian ada artileri, dan artileri adalah pemanah,

but, more importantly, slingers.

tapi, lebih penting lagi, pengumban.

And a slinger is someone who has a leather pouch

Pengumban adalah orang yang punya kantung kulit

with two long cords attached to it,

yang dipasangi dua tali panjang,

and they put a projectile, either a rock or a lead ball,

dan mereka menaruh proyektil, entah batu atau bola timbal,

inside the pouch, and they whirl it around like this

di dalam kantung itu, lalu mereka memutarnya begini

and they let one of the cords go,

dan melepaskan salah satu tali,

and the effect is to send the projectile forward

akibatnya proyektil terlontar ke depan

towards its target.

menuju sasaran.

That's what David has, and it's important to understand

Itulah yang dimiliki Daud, dan penting untuk dipahami

that that sling is not a slingshot.

bahwa pengumban bukan ketapel.

It's not this, right? It's not a child's toy.

Benar begitu? Bukan mainan anak-anak.

It's in fact an incredibly devastating weapon.

Bahkan, pengumban adalah senjata yang luar biasa ampuh.

When David rolls it around like this,

Ketika Daud menggulirnya seperti ini,

he's turning the sling around probably

ia memutar pengumban mungkin sekitar

at six or seven revolutions per second,

6 atau 7 putaran per detik,

and that means that when the rock is released,

dan itu berarti saat dilepaskan,

it's going forward really fast,

batu akan melaju ke depan sangat cepat,

probably 35 meters per second.

mungkin 35 meter per detik.

That's substantially faster than a baseball

Jauh lebih cepat daripada bola bisbol

thrown by even the finest of baseball pitchers.

yang dilempar pengumpan bisbol terbaik.

More than that, the stones in the Valley of Elah

Selain itu, bebatuan di Lembah Tarbantin

were not normal rocks. They were barium sulphate,

bukan batu biasa, melainkan barium sulfat,

which are rocks twice the density of normal stones.

dengan kepadatan dua kali batu biasa.

If you do the calculations on the ballistics,

Jika kita melakukan perhitungan balistik,

on the stopping power of the rock fired from David's sling,

pada daya penetrasi batu yang terlontar dari pengumban Daud,

it's roughly equal to the stopping power

kurang lebih sama dengan daya penetrasi

of a [.45 caliber] handgun.

dari pistol [kaliber .45].

This is an incredibly devastating weapon.

Senjata yang mematikan.

Accuracy, we know from historical records

Akurasi, kita tahu dari catatan sejarah

that slingers -- experienced slingers could hit

bahwa pengumban yang berpengalaman mampu membidik

and maim or even kill a target at distances of up to 200 yards.

dan melukai bahkan membunuh sasaran pada jarak hingga 180 meter.

From medieval tapestries, we know that slingers

Dari permadani abad pertengahan, kita tahu bahwa pengumban

were capable of hitting birds in flight.

mampu membidik burung yang terbang.

They were incredibly accurate.

Mereka luar biasa akurat.

When David lines up -- and he's not 200 yards away from Goliath,

Ketika Daud berjalan mendekat -- ia bukan berjarak 180 meter dari Goliat,

he's quite close to Goliath --

ia cukup dekat dengan Goliat --

when he lines up and fires that thing at Goliath,

saat ia segaris dan melontar batu pada Goliat,

he has every intention and every expectation

ia memang berniat dan berharap

of being able to hit Goliath at his most vulnerable spot

dapat mengenai Goliat pada titik yang paling rentan

between his eyes.

di antara kedua matanya.

If you go back over the history of ancient warfare,

Jika Anda ingat lagi sejarah perang kuno,

you will find time and time again

Anda akan menemukan bahwa seringkali

that slingers were the decisive factor against infantry

pengumban adalah faktor penentu melawan infanteri

in one kind of battle or another.

dalam berbagai jenis pertempuran.

So what's Goliath? He's heavy infantry,

Jadi, siapa Goliat? Ia adalah anggota infanteri berat,

and his expectation when he challenges the Israelites to a duel

dan ekspektasinya ketika menantang bangsa Israel untuk duel

is that he's going to be fighting another heavy infantryman.

adalah ia akan melawan anggota infanteri berat juga.

When he says, "Come to me that I might

Ia berkata, "Datanglah padaku agar aku bisa

feed your flesh to the birds of the heavens and the beasts of the field,"

memberi dagingmu pada burung di udara dan hewan di padang,"

the key phrase is "Come to me."

frasa kuncinya adalah "Datanglah padaku."

Come up to me because we're going to fight,

Datanglah padaku karena kita akan bertarung,

hand to hand, like this.

satu lawan satu, seperti ini.

Saul has the same expectation.

Saul berekspektasi sama.

David says, "I want to fight Goliath,"

Daud berkata, "Aku ingin melawan Goliat,"

and Saul tries to give him his armor,

dan Saul memberikan zirahnya,

because Saul is thinking, "Oh, when you say 'fight Goliath,'

karena Saul berpikir, "Saat kau bilang 'melawan Goliat,'

you mean 'fight him in hand-to-hand combat,'

maksudnya 'bertarung satu lawan satu,'

infantry on infantry."

infanteri lawan infanteri."

But David has absolutely no expectation.

Namun, Daud tidak memiliki ekspektasi apa pun.

He's not going to fight him that way. Why would he?

Ia tidak akan melawan Goliat seperti itu. Untuk apa?

He's a shepherd. He's spent his entire career

Ia seorang gembala. Sepanjang karirnya ia menggunakan

using a sling to defend his flock against lions and wolves.

pengumban untuk mempertahankan ternak dari serangan singa dan serigala.

That's where his strength lies.

Di situlah letak kekuatannya.

So here he is, this shepherd, experienced

Maka inilah dia, gembala yang berpengalaman

in the use of a devastating weapon,

dalam menggunakan senjata mematikan ini,

up against this lumbering giant

menantang raksasa lamban ini

weighed down by a hundred pounds of armor

yang dibebani zirah seberat puluhan kilogram

and these incredibly heavy weapons

dan senjata yang sangat berat

that are useful only in short-range combat.

yang hanya berguna dalam pertempuran jarak dekat.

Goliath is a sitting duck. He doesn't have a chance.

Goliat adalah mangsa empuk. Ia tak punya kesempatan.

So why do we keep calling David an underdog,

Jadi, mengapa kita terus menganggap Daud anak bawang,

and why do we keep referring to his victory as improbable?

dan mengapa kita terus menganggap kemenangannya meragukan?

There's a second piece of this that's important.

Bagian kedua inilah yang penting.

It's not just that we misunderstand David

Kita bukan saja salah memahami Daud

and his choice of weaponry.

dan senjata pilihannya.

It's also that we profoundly misunderstand Goliath.

Namun, kita juga sangat keliru memahami Goliat.

Goliath is not what he seems to be.

Goliat bukan seperti kesan yang ditampilkan.

There's all kinds of hints of this in the Biblical text,

Ada segala macam petunjuk tentang ini dalam Alkitab,

things that are in retrospect quite puzzling

hal-hal yang cukup membingungkan saat diingat lagi

and don't square with his image as this mighty warrior.

dan tidak cocok dengan gambarannya sebagai prajurit terkuat.

So to begin with, the Bible says that Goliath

Pertama, Alkitab mengatakan bahwa Goliat

is led onto the valley floor by an attendant.

dituntun seorang pengawal ke dasar lembah.

Now that is weird, right?

Aneh, bukan?

Here is this mighty warrior

Prajurit terkuat yang

challenging the Israelites to one-on-one combat.

menantang bangsa Israel untuk bertarung satu lawan satu.

Why is he being led by the hand

Mengapa ia dituntun oleh

by some young boy, presumably,

oleh seorang pemuda, kira-kira begitu,

to the point of combat?

ke medan tempur?

Secondly, the Bible story makes special note

Kedua, Alkitab membuat catatan khusus

of how slowly Goliath moves,

mengenai betapa lambannya Goliat bergerak,

another odd thing to say when you're describing

hal aneh lain saat menggambarkan

the mightiest warrior known to man at that point.

prajurit terkuat yang terkenal kala itu.

And then there's this whole weird thing

Kemudian ada hal yang sangat aneh

about how long it takes Goliath to react

tentang berapa lama Goliat bereaksi

to the sight of David.

saat melihat Daud.

So David's coming down the mountain,

Jadi, Daud turun dari gunung,

and he's clearly not preparing for hand-to-hand combat.

dan ia jelas tidak bersiap-siap untuk bertarung satu lawan satu.

There is nothing about him that says,

Tak disebutkan bahwa dia berkata,

"I am about to fight you like this."

"Aku akan melawanmu seperti ini."

He's not even carrying a sword.

Ia bahkan tidak membawa pedang.

Why does Goliath not react to that?

Mengapa Goliat tidak bereaksi terhadap hal itu?

It's as if he's oblivious to what's going on that day.

Seolah-olah ia tidak sadar apa yang akan terjadi hari itu.

And then there's that strange comment he makes to David:

Lalu ada komentar aneh untuk Daud:

"Am I a dog that you should come to me with sticks?"

"Apa aku ini anjing sehingga kau datang padaku dengan tongkat-tongkat?"

Sticks? David only has one stick.

Tongkat-tongkat? Daud hanya punya satu tongkat.

Well, it turns out that there's been a great deal

Ya, ternyata ada banyak

of speculation within the medical community over the years

spekulasi dalam komunitas medis selama bertahun-tahun

about whether there is something

tentang apakah ada sesuatu

fundamentally wrong with Goliath,

yang salah secara fundamental dengan Goliat,

an attempt to make sense of all of those apparent anomalies.

sebuah upaya untuk memahami segala anomali yang nyata.

There have been many articles written.

Banyak artikel ditulis.

The first one was in 1960 in the Indiana Medical Journal,

Artikel pertama pada tahun 1960 dalam Indiana Medical Journal,

and it started a chain of speculation

yang mengawali rantai spekulasi

that starts with an explanation for Goliath's height.

yang bermula dengan penjelasan untuk tinggi Goliat.

So Goliath is head and shoulders above

Jadi,Goliat tiga kali lebih tinggi di atas

all of his peers in that era,

semua rekannya pada masa itu,

and usually when someone is that far out of the norm,

dan biasanya jika seseorang sangat jauh dari kelaziman,

there's an explanation for it.

ada penjelasan untuk itu.

So the most common form of giantism

Jadi, bentuk paling umum dari gigantisme

is a condition called acromegaly,

adalah kondisi yang disebut akromegali,

and acromegaly is caused by a benign tumor

dan akromegali disebabkan tumor jinak

on your pituitary gland

pada kelenjar pituitari

that causes an overproduction of human growth hormone.

yang berakibat kelebihan produksi hormon pertumbuhan.

And throughout history, many of the most famous giants

Sepanjang sejarah, sebagian besar raksasa terkenal

have all had acromegaly.

pernah menderita akromegali.

So the tallest person of all time

Orang tertinggi sepanjang masa

was a guy named Robert Wadlow

ialah pria bernama Robert Wadlow

who was still growing when he died at the age of 24

yang masih tumbuh saat meninggal pada umur 24

and he was 8 foot 11.

dan tingginya 272 cm.

He had acromegaly.

Ia menderita akromegali.

Do you remember the wrestler André the Giant?

Anda ingat pegulat André the Giant?

Famous. He had acromegaly.

Terkenal. Juga menderita akromegali.

There's even speculation that Abraham Lincoln had acromegaly.

Abraham Lincoln pun diduga menderita akromegali.

Anyone who's unusually tall,

Siapa pun bertubuh tinggi di luar kelaziman,

that's the first explanation we come up with.

begitulah penjelasan pertama yang muncul.

And acromegaly has a very distinct set of side effects

Akromegali memiliki sekumpulan efek samping sangat khas

associated with it,

yang terkait dengannya,

principally having to do with vision.

utamanya terkait dengan penglihatan.

The pituitary tumor, as it grows,

Tumor pada kelenjar pituitari,saat tumbuh,

often starts to compress the visual nerves in your brain,

kerap mulai menekan syaraf visual dalam otak

with the result that people with acromegaly

yang berakibat penderita akromegali

have either double vision or they are profoundly nearsighted.

mengalami penglihatan ganda atau rabun jauh yang parah.

So when people have started to speculate

Maka ketika orang-orang mulai berspekulasi

about what might have been wrong with Goliath,

tentang masalah yang mungkin dialami Goliat, mereka bilang,

they've said, "Wait a minute,

"Tunggu dulu,

he looks and sounds an awful lot like someone

dia kelihatan dan terdengar seperti

who has acromegaly."

penderita akromegali."

And that would also explain so much of what was strange

Hal itu juga akan menjelaskan begitu banyak keanehan

about his behavior that day.

tentang perilakunya hari itu.

Why does he move so slowly

Mengapa ia bergerak begitu lamban

and have to be escorted down into the valley floor

dan harus diantar turun ke dasar lembah

by an attendant?

oleh seorang pengawal?

Because he can't make his way on his own.

Karena ia tak bisa berjalan sendiri.

Why is he so strangely oblivious to David

Mengapa dia begitu tidak sadar

that he doesn't understand that David's not going to fight him

sehingga ia tak mengerti bahwa Daud tidak akan bertarung

until the very last moment?

sampai saat paling terakhir?

Because he can't see him.

Karena Goliat tak bisa melihat Daud.

When he says, "Come to me that I might feed your flesh

Ketika ia berkata, "Datanglah padaku agar aku bisa memberi dagingmu

to the birds of the heavens and the beasts of the field,"

pada burung-burung di langit dan hewan-hewan di padang,"

the phrase "come to me" is a hint also of his vulnerability.

frasa "datanglah padaku" adalah petunjuk atas kerentanannya juga.

Come to me because I can't see you.

Datanglah padaku, karena aku tak bisa melihatmu.

And then there's, "Am I a dog that you should come to me with sticks?"

Lalu ada, "Apa aku ini anjing sehingga kau datang padaku dengan tongkat-tongkat?"

He sees two sticks when David has only one.

Ia melihat dua tongkat padahal Daud hanya punya satu.

So the Israelites up on the mountain ridge

Jadi bangsa Israel di atas gunung

looking down on him thought he was

melihat ke bawah dan mengira dia

this extraordinarily powerful foe.

adalah musuh yang luar biasa tangguh.

What they didn't understand was that

Mereka tidak mengerti bahwa

the very thing that was the source of his apparent strength

sumber kekuatannya yang nyata

was also the source of his greatest weakness.

adalah juga sumber kelemahannya yang terbesar.

And there is, I think, in that,

Di sini, menurut saya,

a very important lesson for all of us.

ada pelajaran yang sangat penting bagi kita semua.

Giants are not as strong and powerful as they seem.

Raksasa tidak sekuat dan setangguh penampilan mereka.

And sometimes the shepherd boy has a sling in his pocket.

Kadang-kadang anak gembala menyimpan pengumban di sakunya.

Thank you.

Terima kasih.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)