Optical illusions show how we see | Beau Lotto

Prevodilac: Vanja Cakić Lektor: Ivana Korom

I want to start with a game. Okay?

Želim da počnem igrom.

And to win this game,

A da biste pobedili u ovoj igri,

all you have to do is see the reality that's in front of you

sve što treba da uradite je da vidite šta je stvarno ispred vas

as it really is, all right?

onako kako stvarno jeste. U redu?

So we have two panels here, of colored dots.

Dakle, ovde imamo dve table,

sa obojenim tačkama.

And one of those dots is the same in the two panels.

I jedna od tih tačaka je iste boje

na obe table. Ok?

And you have to tell me which one.

I vi treba da mi kažete koja je.

Now, I narrowed it down

Sad, suziću vam izbor na

to the gray one, the green one, and, say, the orange one.

sivu, zelenu, i recimo narandžastu.

So by a show of hands, we'll start with the easiest one.

Dakle, podizanjem ruke -- počećemo sa najlakšom --

Show of hands: how many people think it's the gray one?

Podignite ruke : koliko vas misli da je siva?

Really? Okay.

Stvarno? Ok.

How many people think it's the green one?

Koliko vas misli da je zelena?

And how many people think it's the orange one?

A koliko vas misli da je narandžasta?

Pretty even split.

Prilično izjednačeno.

Let's find out what the reality is.

Hajde da otkrijemo šta je realnost.

Here is the orange one.

Evo je narandžasta.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Here is the green one.

Evo je zelena.

And here is the gray one.

I evo je siva.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

So for all of you who saw that, you're complete realists.

Dakle, svako ko je video ovo, vi ste kompletno realni. U redu?

All right?

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

So this is pretty amazing, isn't it?

Prilično neverovatno, zapravo, zar ne?

Because nearly every living system

Zato što je skoro svaki živi organizam

has evolved the ability to detect light in one way or another.

razvio sposobnost da detektuje svetlost na jedan ili drugi način.

So for us, seeing color

Dakle, za nas, viđenje boje je jedna od najprostijih stvari koje mozak radi.

is one of the simplest things the brain does.

And yet, even at this most fundamental level,

A ipak, čak i na ovom najjednostavnijem nivou,

context is everything.

kontekst je sve.

What I'm going to talk about is not that context is everything,

Ono o čemu želim da pričam nije to da je kontekst sve,

but why context is everything.

nego zašto je kontekst sve.

Because it's answering that question

Zato što nam odgovor na ovo pitanje govori ne samo

that tells us not only why we see what we do,

zašto vidimo to što vidimo,

but who we are as individuals,

već ko smo mi kao individue,

and who we are as a society.

i ko smo mi kao društvo.

But first, we have to ask another question,

Ali prvo, moramo da postavimo još jedno pitanje,

which is, "What is color for?"

a to je, "Za šta služi boja?"

And instead of telling you, I'll just show you.

I umesto da vam kažem, samo ću vam pokazati.

What you see here is a jungle scene,

Ovde vidite jednu džunglu.

and you see the surfaces according to the amount of light

Vidite površine u odnosu na količinu

that those surfaces reflect.

svetlosti koju te površine reflektuju.

Now, can any of you see the predator that's about to jump out at you?

Sada, da li iko od vas vidi grabljivicu koja će upravo skočiti na vas?

And if you haven't seen it yet, you're dead, right?

Ako je do sada niste videli, mrtvi ste. U redu?

(Smeh)

(Laughter)

Can anyone see it? Anyone? No?

Da li može neko da je vidi? Bilo ko? Ne?

Now let's see the surfaces

Sada, hajde da vidimo površine u odnosu na kvalitet svetlosti koju reflektuju.

according to the quality of light that they reflect.

And now you see it.

I sada je vidite.

So, color enables us to see

Dakle, boje nam omogućuju da vidimo

the similarities and differences between surfaces,

sličnosti i razlike između površina,

according to the full spectrum of light that they reflect.

na osnovu celog spektra svetlosti koju reflektuju.

But what you've just done

Ali ono što ste upravo uradili je, u svakom pogledu, matematički nemoguće.

is in many respects mathematically impossible.

Why?

Zašto? Zato što, kako nam Barkli kaže,

Because, as Berkeley tells us,

we have no direct access to our physical world,

mi nemamo direktni pristup našem fizičkom svetu,

other than through our senses.

osim preko načih čula.

And the light that falls onto our eyes

A ta svetlost koja pada na naše oči

is determined by multiple things in the world,

je određena mnogim stvarima u svetu --

not only the color of objects,

ne samo bojom objekata,

but also the color of their illumination,

već i bojom njihovog osvetljenja,

and the color of the space between us and those objects.

i bojom prostora između nas i tih objekata.

You vary any one of those parameters,

Promenite bilo koji od tih parametara,

and you'll change the color of the light that falls onto your eye.

i promenićete boju svetlosti koja pada na vaše oči.

This is a huge problem,

Ovo je ogroman problem zato što znači da

because it means that the same image

ista slika može imati beskonačan broj

could have an infinite number of possible real-world sources.

mogućih izvora u realnom svetu.

Let me show you what I mean.

Dozvolite da vam pokažem na šta mislim. Zamislite da je ovo zadnja strana vašeg oka.

Imagine that this is the back of your eye, okay?

I ovo su dve projekcije iz sveta.

And these are two projections from the world.

They're identical in every single way.

One su identične u svakom pogledu.

Identical in shape, size, spectral content.

Identične po obliku, veličini, sadržaju spektra.

They are the same, as far as your eye is concerned.

One su iste što se vašeg oka tiče.

And yet they come from completely different sources.

A ipak dolaze od skroz različitih izvora.

The one on the right comes from a yellow surface,

Ova na desnoj strani

dolazi sa žute površine,

in shadow, oriented facing the left,

u senci, okrenute na levu stranu,

viewed through a pinkish medium.

viđena kroz rozikastu sredinu.

The one on the left comes from an orange surface,

A ova na levoj strani dolazi sa narandžaste površine,

under direct light, facing to the right,

pod direktnim svetlom, sa desne strane,

viewed through sort of a bluish medium.

viđene kroz nekakvu plavičastu sredinu.

Completely different meanings,

Kompletno različita značenja,

giving rise to the exact same retinal information.

izazivaju potpuno istu retinalnu informaciju.

And yet it's only the retinal information that we get.

A ipak retinalna informacija je

sve što dobijamo.

So how on Earth do we even see?

Dakle, kako mi uopšte i vidimo?

So if you remember anything in this next 18 minutes,

Ako zapamtite bilo šta u sledećih 18 minuta,

remember this:

zapamtite ovo: da je svetlost koja pada na vaše oči,

that the light that falls onto your eye,

sensory information, is meaningless,

senzorna informacija, beznačajna.

because it could mean literally anything.

Zato što može da znači doslovno bilo šta.

And what's true for sensory information is true for information generally.

I šta važi za senzornu informaciju, važi za informacije generalno.

There's no inherent meaning in information.

Ne postoji nerazdvojivo značenje u informaciji.

It's what we do with that information that matters.

Ono što mi uradimo sa tom informacijom je ustvari bitno.

So, how do we see? Well, we see by learning to see.

Dakle, kako mi vidimo? Pa, mi vidimo tako što učimo da vidimo.

The brain evolved the mechanisms for finding patterns,

Mozak je razvio mehanizme za nalaženje šema,

finding relationships in information,

nalaženje veza u informaciji,

and associating those relationships with a behavioral meaning,

i povezivanje tih veza

sa bihejvioralnim značenjem,

a significance, by interacting with the world.

značaj, interakcijom sa svetom.

We're very aware of this

Veoma smo svesni ovog

in the form of more cognitive attributes, like language.

u formi više kognitivnih atributa, kao što je jezik.

I'm going to give you some letter strings,

Dakle, daću vam nizove slova. I sve što hoću je da mi ih pročitate,

and I want you to read them out for me, if you can.

ako možete.

Audience: "Can you read this?"

Publika : 'Možete li da pročitate ovo ?'

"You are not reading this."

'Ne čitate ovo.'

"What are you reading?"

'Šta čitate?'

Beau Lotto: "What are you reading?" Half the letters are missing, right?

Beu Loto : 'Šta čitate?' Pola slova nedostaje. Tačno?

There's no a priori reason

Ne postoji prioritetni razlog zašto 'H' mora da bude

why an "H" has to go between that "W" and "A."

između 'W' i 'A' . (why = zašto)

But you put one there. Why?

Ali ste ga stavili tu. Zašto?

Because in the statistics of your past experience,

Zato što u statistici iz prošlog iskustva,

it would have been useful to do so.

bilo bi korisno tako uraditi. Tako da to opet radite.

So you do so again.

And yet you don't put a letter after that first "T."

I ipak ne stavljate slovo posle tog prvog 'T'.

Why? Because it wouldn't have been useful in the past.

Zašto? Zato što vam to nije bilo korisno u prošlosti.

So you don't do it again.

I zato to ne radite opet.

So, let me show you how quickly our brains can redefine normality,

Pokazaću vam kako brzo naši mozgovi mogu da redefinišu normalno,

even at the simplest thing the brain does, which is color.

čak i kod najprostije stvari koje mozak radi, a to je boja.

So if I could have the lights down up here.

Tako, molim vas ugasite svetla ovde gore.

I want you to first notice that those two desert scenes are physically the same.

Želim da prvo primetite da su ove dve slike pustinje fizički iste.

Jedna je samo obrnuta. Ok?

One is simply the flipping of the other.

Now I want you to look at that dot

Sada hoću da gledate u tačku

between the green and the red.

između zelene i crvene. Ok?

And I want you to stare at that dot. Don't look anywhere else.

I želim da gledate u tačku. Ne gledajte nigde više.

We're going to look at it for about 30 seconds,

I gledaćemo je jedno 30 sekundi,

što je mnogo za govor od 18 minuta.

which is a bit of a killer in an 18-minute talk.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Ali stvarno želim da naučite.

But I really want you to learn.

And I'll tell you -- don't look anywhere else --

I rećiću vam -- ne gledajte nigde drugde --

I'll tell you what's happening in your head.

reći ću vam šta se dešava u vašoj glavi.

Your brain is learning,

Vaš mozak uči. I uči da je desna strana vizuelnog polja

and it's learning that the right side of its visual field

pod crvenim osvetljenjem;

is under red illumination;

the left side of its visual field is under green illumination.

leva strana vizuelnog polja je pod zelenim osvetljenjem.

That's what it's learning. Okay?

To je ono što uči. Ok?

Now, when I tell you, I want you to look at the dot between the two desert scenes.

Sada, kada vam kažem, hoću da pogledate u tačku između 2 slike pustinje.

So why don't you do that now?

Pa zašto sada to ne učinite?

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Can I have the lights up again?

Mogu da opet dobijem svetla?

I take it from your response they don't look the same anymore, right?

Iz vaše reakcije vidim da više ne izgledaju isto. Tačno?

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Why? Because your brain is seeing that same information

Zašto? Zato što vaš mozak vidi istu informaciju

as if the right one is still under red light,

kao da je desna još pod crvenim svetlom,

and the left one is still under green light.

a leva još pod zelenim.

To je vaše novo normalno.

That's your new normal.

Okay? So, what does this mean for context?

Pa, šta to znači za kontekst?

It means I can take two identical squares,

To znači da mogu da uzmem ova 2 identična kvadrata

put them in light and dark surrounds,

i da ih stavim u svetlo i tamno okruženje.

and the one on the dark surround looks lighter than on the light surround.

I sada onaj u tamnom okruženju izgleda svetlije od onog u svetlom okruženju.

Nije bitno samo svetlo i tamno okruženje.

What's significant is not simply the light and dark surrounds that matter.

It's what those light and dark surrounds meant for your behavior in the past.

Već šta ta svetla i tamna okruženja znače vašem ponašanju u prošlosti.

So I'll show you what I mean.

Pokazaću vam na šta mislim.Ovde imamo

Here we have that exact same illusion.

tu istu iluziju.

We have two identical tiles on the left,

Ovde imamo 2 identične ploče, levo,

one in a dark surround, one in a light surround.

jedna u tamnom okruženju, jedna u svetlom.

And the same thing over on the right.

I ista stvar ovamo desno.

Now, I'll reveal those two scenes,

Sada, sada ću da pogledam ove 2 scene.

but I'm not going to change anything within those boxes,

Ali neću da menjam ništa u ovim kutijama,

osim njihovog značenja.

except their meaning.

And see what happens to your perception.

I pogledajte šta se dešava vašoj percepciji.

Notice that on the left

Primetite da levo

the two tiles look nearly completely opposite:

dve ploče izgledaju gotovo suprotne:

one very white and one very dark, right?

jedna je veoma svetla, a druga tamna.

Tako? Dok, desno,

Whereas on the right, the two tiles look nearly the same.

2 ploče izgledaju skoro iste.

And yet there is still one on a dark surround,

A ipak i dalje je jedna u tamnom okruženju a druga u svetlom.

and one on a light surround.

Why?

Zašto? Jer da je ploča u toj senci

Because if the tile in that shadow were in fact in shadow,

zapravo u senci,

and reflecting the same amount of light to your eye

i reflektuje istu količinu svetlosti vašem oku

as the one outside the shadow,

kao i ona van senke,

it would have to be more reflective -- just the laws of physics.

morala bi imati veću refleksiju -- to su samo zakoni fizike.

So you see it that way.

I vi to tako vidite.

Whereas on the right, the information is consistent

Dok je desno informacija je u skladu

with those two tiles being under the same light.

sa tim dvema pločama koje su pod istim svetlom.

If they're under the same light reflecting the same amount of light to your eye,

I ako su pod istim svetlom, reflektujući istu količinu svetlosti

vašem oku,

then they must be equally reflective.

onda mora da imaju istu refleksiju.

So you see it that way.

I vi to vidite tako.

Which means we can bring all this information together

Što znači da možemo da spojimo sve ove informacije

to create some incredibly strong illusions.

da stvorimo neverovatno snažne iluzije.

This is one I made a few years ago.

Ovo je jedna koju sam napravio pre nekoliko godina.

And you'll notice you see a dark brown tile at the top,

Primetićete da postoji tamno braon ploča na vrhu,

and a bright orange tile at the side.

i svetlo narandžasta ploča sa strane.

That is your perceptual reality.

Ovo je vaša perceptivna realnost. Fizička realnost

The physical reality is that those two tiles are the same.

je da su te dve ploče iste.

Here you see four gray tiles on your left,

Ovde vidite 4 sive ploče da vašoj levoj strani,

seven gray tiles on the right.

7 sivih na desnoj.

I'm not going to change those tiles at all,

Neću uopšte da menjam te ploče.

but I'm going to reveal the rest of the scene.

Nego ću da otkrijem ostatak scene.

And see what happens to your perception.

I vidite šta se događa vašoj percepciji.

The four blue tiles on the left are gray.

4 plave ploče levo su sive.

The seven yellow tiles on the right are also gray.

7 žutih ploča desno su takođe sive.

They are the same. Okay?

Iste su.Ok?

Don't believe me? Let's watch it again.

Ne verujete mi? Pogledajmo opet.

What's true for color is also true for complex perceptions of motion.

Ono što je tačno za boju takođe je tačno za kompleksne percepcije pokreta.

So, here we have --

Pa ovde imamo--

let's turn this around -- a diamond.

okrenimo ovo -- dijamant.

And what I'm going to do is, I'm going to hold it here,

Ono što ću da uradim je, držaću ovo ovde,

and I'm going to spin it.

i zavrteću ga.

And for all of you, you'll see it probably spinning this direction.

I svi vi, verovatno ćete videti da se vrti u ovom pravcu.

Now I want you to keep looking at it.

Sada hoću da nastavite da ga gledate.

Move your eyes around, blink, maybe close one eye.

Pomerajte oči, trepnite, možda i zatvorite jedno oko.

And suddenly it will flip, and start spinning the opposite direction.

I odjednom će se okrenuti i početi da se okreće u suprotnom smeru.

Yes? Raise your hand if you got that. Yes?

Da? Podignite ruku ako vidite. Da?

Keep blinking.

Nastavite da trepćete. Svaki put kada trepnete promeniće se. Tačno?

Every time you blink, it will switch.

So I can ask you, which direction is it rotating?

I mogu da vas pitam, u kom smeru se obrće?

How do you know?

Kako znate?

Your brain doesn't know, because both are equally likely.

Vaš mozak ne zna. Jer su oba jednako verovatna.

So depending on where it looks,

Zavisno od toga gde gleda, obrće se

it flips between the two possibilities.

između 2 mogućnosti.

Are we the only ones that see illusions?

Da smo mi jedini koji vidimo te iluzije?

The answer to this question is no.

Odgovor je ne.

Even the beautiful bumblebee,

Čak i prelepi bumbar,

with its mere one million brain cells,

sa samo milion moždanih ćelija,

which is 250 times fewer cells than you have in one retina,

što je 250 puta manje ćelija od onoliko koliko imate u jednoj mrežnjači,

sees illusions, does the most complicated things

vidi iluzije, radi najkomplikovanije stvari

that even our most sophisticated computers can't do.

koje ni naši najprecizniji kompjuteri ne mogu da urade.

So in my lab we work on bumblebees,

U mojoj laboratoriji, naravno, radimo sa bumbarima.

because we can completely control their experience,

Jer kompletno možemo da kontrolišemo njihovo iskustvo,

and see how it alters the architecture of their brain.

i da vidimo kako to menja arhitekturu njihovog mozga.

I to radimo u onome što zovemo Bumbarski Matriks.

We do this in what we call the Bee Matrix.

Here you have the hive.

I ovde imate košnicu. Vdite maticu ovde,

You can see the queen bee, the large bee in the middle.

ovu veliku pčelu u sredini. Ovo su sve njene ćerke, jajašca.

Those are her daughters, the eggs.

I idu napred i nazad između košnice

They go back and forth between this hive and the arena, via this tube.

i arene, preko ove cevi.

You'll see one of the bees come out here.

I videćete da jedna od pčela tu izlazi.

You see how she has a little number on her?

Vidite da na njoj ima mali broj?

There's another one coming out, she also has a number on her.

Da, evo još jedna koja izlazi. Ona ima drugi broj.

Now, they're not born that way, right?

Sada, one nisu rođene tako. Je l' tako?

We pull them out, put them in the fridge, and they fall asleep.

Mi ih izvadimo, stavimo u frižider i one se uspavaju.

Then you can superglue little numbers on them.

I onda zalepimo na njih male brojeve.

(Smeh)

(Laughter)

And now, in this experiment they get a reward if they go to the blue flowers.

I sad u ovom eksperimentu su nagrađene ako idu do plavog cveta.

They land on the flower,

I spuste se na cvet. I gurnu tu svoj jezik,

stick their tongue in there, called a proboscis, and drink sugar water.

zvani rilica, i piju slatku vodu.

She's drinking a glass of water that's about that big to you and I,

Sada ona pije čašu vode koja je ovolika vama i meni,

will do that about three times, then fly.

i uradiće to jedno 3 puta i odleteti.

And sometimes they learn not to go to the blue,

I nekad nauče da ne idu na plavi,

but to go where the other bees go.

nego da idu gde ostale pčele idu.

So they copy each other.

Tako da kopiraju jedni druge. Mogu da broje do 5. Mogu da prepoznaju lica.

They can count to five. They can recognize faces.

And here she comes down the ladder.

I evo ovde se spušta niz merdevine.

And she'll come into the hive, find an empty honey pot,

I ući će u košnicu, naći praznu činiju,

and throw up, and that's honey.

povratiti, i to je med.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Now remember, she's supposed to be going to the blue flowers,

Sada upamtite -- (Smeh)

-- ona je trebalo da ide do plavog cveća.

but what are these bees doing in the upper right corner?

Ali šta ove pčele rade u gornjem desnom uglu?

It looks like they're going to green flowers.

Izgleda da sve idu na zelene cvetove.

Now, are they getting it wrong?

Sada, da li greše?

And the answer to the question is no. Those are actually blue flowers.

Odgovor je ne. To su ustvari plavi cvetovi.

But those are blue flowers under green light.

Ali to su plavi cvetovi pod zelenom svetlošću.

So they're using the relationships between the colors to solve the puzzle,

Tako da one koriste veze između boja da reše zagonetku.

which is exactly what we do.

Što je baš ono što mi radimo.

So, illusions are often used,

Dakle, iluzije se često koriste,

especially in art, in the words of a more contemporary artist,

posebno u umetnosti, rečima savremenog umetnika,

"to demonstrate the fragility of our senses."

'da se pokaže osetljivost naših čula.'

Okay, this is complete rubbish.

Ok, ovo je potpuna glupost.

The senses aren't fragile. And if they were, we wouldn't be here.

Čula nisu krhka. I da jesu, mi ne bismo bili ovde.

Umesto toga, boja nam govori nešto skroz drugačije,

Instead, color tells us something completely different,

that the brain didn't actually evolve to see the world the way it is.

da naš mozak nije evoluirao da vidi svet onakav kakav je.

We can't.

Ne možemo. Umesto toga, mozak je evoluirao da vidi svet

Instead, the brain evolved to see the world

the way it was useful to see in the past.

onako kako je bilo korisno u prošlosti.

And how we see is by continually redefining normality.

I kako mi vidimo je preko stalnog redefinisanja normalnosti.

So, how can we take this incredible capacity of plasticity of the brain

I kako možemo da uzmemo ovaj

neverovatan kapacitet plastičnosti mozga

and get people to experience their world differently?

i da nateramo ljude da iskuse svoj svet drugačije?

Well, one of the ways we do it in my lab and studio

Pa, jedan od načina koji koristimo u mojoj laboratoriji i studiju

is we translate the light into sound,

je da prevodimo svetlost u zvuk

and we enable people to hear their visual world.

i da osposobimo ljude da čuju svoj vizuelni svet.

And they can navigate the world using their ears.

I mogu da upravljaju svetom koristeći svoje uši.

Here's David on the right, and he's holding a camera.

Ovo je Dejvid, s desna. I on drži kameru.

On the left is what his camera sees.

Levo je šta njegova kamera vidi.

And you'll see there's a faint line going across that image.

I videćete da je tu linija, tanka linija koje ide preko slike.

That line is broken up into 32 squares.

Ta linija je razlomljena u 32 kvadrata.

In each square, we calculate the average color.

U svakom kvadratu računamo prosek boje.

And then we just simply translate that into sound.

I jednostvano to prevodimo u zvuk.

And now he's going to turn around,

I sada će da

se okrene, zatvori svoje oči,

close his eyes,

and find a plate on the ground with his eyes closed.

i da nađe tanjir na zemlji, sa zatvorenim očima.

(Continuous sound)

(Sound changes momentarily)

(Sound changes momentarily)

(Sound changes momentarily)

(Sound changes momentarily)

(Sound changes momentarily)

Beau Lotto: He finds it. Amazing, right?

Nalazi ga. Neverovatno. Zar ne?

So not only can we create a prosthetic for the visually impaired,

Ne samo da možemo da napravimo prostetiku za one sa lošim vidom,

but we can also investigate

nego možemo i da istražimo kako ljudi

how people literally make sense of the world.

bukvalno nalaze smisao sveta.

But we can also do something else.

Ali možemo još nešto da uradimo. Takođe možemo da pravimo muziku sa bojom.

We can also make music with color.

So, working with kids,

Dakle, radeći sa decom,

they created images,

oni su stvarali slike,

thinking about what might the images you see

misleći o tome kako bi zvučale slike koje vidite

sound like if we could listen to them.

ako bismo mogli da ih čujemo.

And then we translated these images.

I onda smo preveli te slike.

And this is one of those images.

I ovo je jedna od tih slika.

And this is a six-year-old child composing a piece of music

Ovo šestogodišnje dete komponuje delo

for a 32-piece orchestra.

za orkestar od 32 člana.

And this is what it sounds like.

I ovako to zvuči.

(Electronic representation of orchestral music)

So, a six-year-old child. Okay?

Šestogodišnje dete. Ok?

Now, what does all this mean?

Sada, šta sve ovo znači?

What this suggests is that no one is an outside observer of nature, okay?

Znači da niko nije spoljašnji posmatrač

prirode. Ok?

We're not defined by our central properties,

Nismo definisani našim centralnim osobinama,

by the bits that make us up.

našim delićima koji nas čine.

We're defined by our environment and our interaction with that environment,

Definisani smo našom okolinom i našom interakcijom sa okolinom--

by our ecology.

preko naše ekologije.

And that ecology is necessarily relative, historical and empirical.

I ta ekologija je veoma relativna,

istorijska i empirijska.

Pa bih hteo da završim sa ovim.

So, what I'd like to finish with is this over here.

Because what I've been trying to do is really celebrate uncertainty.

Jer ono što sam hteo da uradim je da slavim nesigurnost.

Because I think only through uncertainty is there potential for understanding.

Jer mislim da jedino kroz nesigurnost postoji potencijal za razumevanje.

So, if some of you are still feeling a bit too certain,

Pa, ako se neko od vas još oseća previše sigurnim,

I'd like to do this one.

hteo bih da uradim ovo.

So, if we have the lights down.

Dakle, ako možemo da ugasimo svetla.

And what we have here --

I ono što imamo ovde --

Can everyone see 25 purple surfaces on your left,

Da li svi mogu da vide 25 ljubičastih površina

na vašoj levoj strani,

and 25, call it yellowish, surfaces on your right?

i 25, neka su žućkaste, površina na vašoj desnoj strani?

So now, what I want to do,

Pa , sada, ono što hoću da uradim:

I'm going to put the middle nine surfaces here

Staviću 9 srednjih površina ovde

under yellow illumination,

pod žuto osvetljenje

by simply putting a filter behind them.

prosto stavljajući filter iza njih.

U redu. Sada možete da vidite da to menja svetlo

Now you can see that changes the light that's coming through there, right?

koje tu prolazi. Je l' tako?

Because now the light is going through a yellowish filter

Jer sad svetlo prolazi kroz žućkasti filter

i onda kroz ljubičasti filter.

and then a purplish filter.

I'm going to do the opposite on the left here.

Uradiću suprotno ovde levo.

I'm going to put the middle nine under a purplish light.

Staviću srednjih 9 pod ljubičasto osvetljenje.

Now, some of you will have noticed that the consequence

Sada, neki će primetiti da je posledica to

is that the light coming through those middle nine on the right,

da svetlo koje prolazi kroz tih srednjih 9 desno,

or your left, is exactly the same as the light

ili vaše levo,

je isto kako i svetlo koje prolazi kroz

coming through the middle nine on your right.

srednjih 9 na vašoj desnoj strani.

Agreed? Yes?

Slažete se? Da?

Okay. So they are physically the same.

Ok. Znači da su fizički isti.

Let's pull the covers off.

Podignimo pokrivače.

Now remember --

Sada zapamtite,

you know that the middle nine are exactly the same.

znate da su srednjih 9 apsolutno iste.

Do they look the same?

Da li izgledaju isto? Ne.

No.

The question is, "Is that an illusion?"

Pitanje je , 'Da li je to iluzija?'

And I'll leave you with that.

I ostaviću vas s tim.

So, thank you very much.

Pa, hvala vam mnogo.

(Laughter)

(Applause)

(Aplauz)