Kakenya Ntaiya: A girl who demanded school | TED

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Prevodilac: Nikola Mitrovic Lektor: Mile Živković

There's a group of people in Kenya.

Postoji grupa ljudi u Keniji.

People cross oceans to go see them.

Ljudi prelaze okeane da bi ih videli.

These people are tall.

Ovi ljudi su visoki.

They jump high. They wear red.

Skaču visoko. Nose crveno.

And they kill lions.

I ubijaju lavove.

You might be wondering, who are these people?

Možda se pitate, ko su ovi ljudi?

These are the Maasais.

Ovo su Masaji.

And you know what's cool? I'm actually one of them.

I znate li šta je super? Ja sam zapravo jedna od njih.

The Maasais, the boys are brought up to be warriors.

Masaji, momci su odgajani da budu ratnici.

The girls are brought up to be mothers.

Devojke su odgajane da budu majke.

When I was five years old,

Kada sam imala 5 godina,

I found out that I was engaged

saznala sam da sam verena

to be married as soon as I reached puberty.

i da ću se udati čim uđem u pubertet.

My mother, my grandmother, my aunties,

Moja majka, moja baka, moje tetke,

they constantly reminded me that

su me konstantno podsećale da je

your husband just passed by.

moj muž upravo prošao pored mene.

(Laughter) Cool, yeah?

(Smeh) Super, zar ne?

And everything I had to do from that moment

I sve što sam morala da radim od tog trenutka

was to prepare me to be a perfect woman at age 12.

je bilo da pripremim sebe da budem savršena žena sa 12 godina.

My day started at 5 in the morning,

Moj dan je počinjao u 5 ujutru,

milking the cows, sweeping the house,

mužom krava, čišćenjem kuće,

cooking for my siblings, collecting water, firewood.

kuvanjem za braću i sestre, sakupljanjem vode, drva za ogrev.

I did everything that I needed to do

Radila sam sve što je trebalo da uradim

to become a perfect wife.

da bih postala savršena supruga.

I went to school not because the Maasais'

Išla sam u školu ne zato što su kod Masaja

women or girls were going to school.

žene ili devojke išle u školu.

It's because my mother was denied an education,

Razlog je to što je mojoj majci uskraćeno obrazovanje,

and she constantly reminded me and my siblings that

i konstantno je mene i braću i sestre podsećala da

she never wanted us to live the life she was living.

ona nije nikad želela da mi živimo život koji je ona živela.

Why did she say that?

Zašto je ona to govorila?

My father worked as a policeman in the city.

Moj otac je radio kao policajac u gradu.

He came home once a year.

Dolazio je kući jednom godišnje.

We didn't see him for sometimes even two years.

Ponekad ga nismo videli čak i dve godine.

And whenever he came home, it was a different case.

I kad god bi došao kući, to bi bio drugačiji slučaj.

My mother worked hard in the farm

Moja majka je naporno radila na farmi

to grow crops so that we can eat.

da bi usevi rasli kako bismo mi mogli da jedemo.

She reared the cows and the goats

Ona je uzgajala krave i koze

so that she can care for us.

da bi mogla da brine o nama.

But when my father came, he would sell the cows,

Ali kad je moj otac dolazio, on bi prodao krave,

he would sell the products we had,

prodao bi proizvode koje smo imali,

and he went and drank with his friends in the bars.

i otišao bi i pio sa svojim prijateljima u barovima.

Because my mother was a woman,

Zbog toga što je moja majka bila žena,

she was not allowed to own any property,

nije joj bilo dozvoljeno da poseduje ikakvu imovinu,

and by default, everything in my family anyway

podrazumevalo se, sve u mojoj porodici je svakako

belongs to my father, so he had the right.

pripadalo mom ocu, pa je imao pravo.

And if my mother ever questioned him,

I ako ga je moja majka ikada pitala,

he beat her, abused her, and really it was difficult.

on bi je udarao, zlostavljao i zaista je bilo teško.

When I went to school, I had a dream.

Kada sam otišla u školu, imala sam san.

I wanted to become a teacher.

Želela sam da postanem učiteljica.

Teachers looked nice.

Učiteljice su lepo izgledale.

They wear nice dresses, high-heeled shoes.

Nosile su lepe suknje i visoke potpetice.

I found out later that they are uncomfortable, but I admired it.

Saznala sam kasnije da su one neudobne, ali sam im se divila.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

But most of all, the teacher was just writing on the board --

Ali najviše od svega, učiteljica je samo pisala na tabli -

not hard work, that's what I thought,

nije težak posao, to sam mislila,

compared to what I was doing in the farm.

uporedivši sa tim šta sam radila na farmi.

So I wanted to become a teacher.

Želela sam da postanem učiteljica.

I worked hard in school, but when I was in eighth grade,

Naporno sam radila u školi, ali kada sam bila u osmom razredu,

it was a determining factor.

to je bio odlučujući faktor.

In our tradition, there is a ceremony

U našoj tradiciji, postoji obred

that girls have to undergo to become women,

kroz koji devojke moraju da prođu kako bi postale žene

and it's a rite of passage to womanhood.

i to je obred prelaza u zrelost.

And then I was just finishing my eighth grade,

I završavala sam osmi razred,

and that was a transition for me to go to high school.

i to je bio veliki prelaz za mene da odem u srednju školu.

This was the crossroad.

To je bila raskrsnica.

Once I go through this tradition, I was going to become a wife.

Jednom kad prođem kroz ovu tradiciju, postaću supruga.

Well, my dream of becoming a teacher will not come to pass.

Dakle, moj san da postanem učiteljica neće se ispuniti.

So I talked -- I had to come up with a plan

Rekla sam - morala sam da smislim plan

to figure these things out.

da shvatim ove stvari.

I talked to my father. I did something that most girls have never done.

Pričala sam sa svojim ocem.

Uradila sam nešto što većina devojaka nije nikad uradila.

I told my father, "I will only go through this ceremony

Rekla sam svom ocu: "Proći ću kroz ovaj obred,

if you let me go back to school."

jedino ako me pustiš da se vratim u školu."

The reason why, if I ran away,

Razlog za to je, da sam pobegla,

my father will have a stigma, people will be calling him

moj otac bi bio obeležen, ljudi bi ga zvali

the father of that girl who didn't go through the ceremony.

ocem devojke koja nije prošla obred.

It was a shameful thing for him to carry the rest of his life.

Time bi se sramio do kraja života.

So he figured out. "Well," he said, "okay,

Tako da je shvatio. "Dakle", rekao je: "u redu,

you'll go to school after the ceremony."

ići ćeš u školu nakon obreda."

I did. The ceremony happened.

I jesam. Obred se desio.

It's a whole week long of excitement.

To je bila sedmica puna uzbuđenja.

It's a ceremony. People are enjoying it.

To je svečanost. Ljudi uživaju u njoj.

And the day before the actual ceremony happens,

I dan pre nego što se stvarno ceremonija desila,

we were dancing, having excitement,

mi smo plesali, bili uzbuđeni

and through all the night we did not sleep.

i cele noći nismo spavali.

The actual day came, and we walked out of the house

Taj dan je došao i izašli smo iz kuće u kojoj smo plesali.

that we were dancing in. Yes, we danced and danced.

Da, plesali smo i plesali.

We walked out to the courtyard, and there were a bunch of people waiting.

Izašli smo iz dvorišta i tamo je gomila ljudi čekala.

They were all in a circle.

Svi su bili u krugu.

And as we danced and danced,

I dok smo plesali i plesali,

and we approached this circle of women,

mi smo pristupili ovom krugu žena,

men, women, children, everybody was there.

muškaraca, žena, dece, svi su bili tamo.

There was a woman sitting in the middle of it,

Bila je jedna žena koja je sedela u sredini

and this woman was waiting to hold us.

i ona je čekala da nas pridrži.

I was the first. There were my sisters and a couple of other girls,

Ja sam bila prva.

Tamo su bile moje sestre i par drugih devojaka

and as I approached her,

i kako sam joj se približila,

she looked at me, and I sat down.

pogledala me je i ja sam sela.

And I sat down, and I opened my legs.

I ja sam sela i raširila noge.

As I opened my leg, another woman came,

Kada sam raširila noge, druga žena je došla,

and this woman was carrying a knife.

i ova žena je nosila nož.

And as she carried the knife, she walked toward me

I noseći nož, prišla mi je

and she held the clitoris, and she cut it off.

pridržala mi je klitoris i odsekla ga je.

As you can imagine, I bled. I bled.

Kao što možete zamisliti, krvarila sam. I krvarila.

After bleeding for a while, I fainted thereafter.

Nakon nekog vremena krvarenja, pala sam u nesvest.

It's something that so many girls --

To je nešto zbog čega je mnogo devojaka -

I'm lucky, I never died -- but many die.

ja sam srećna, ja nisam umrla - ali mnoge jesu.

It's practiced, it's no anesthesia, it's a rusty old knife,

Izvežbano je, bez anestezije, zarđalim starim nožem

and it was difficult.

i bilo je veoma teško.

I was lucky because one, also, my mom did something

Bila sam srećna zbog toga što je, takođe moja majka uradila nešto

that most women don't do.

što mnoge žene ne rade.

Three days later, after everybody has left the home,

Tri dana, nakon što su sve napustile naš dom,

my mom went and brought a nurse.

moje mama je otišla i dovela medicinsku sestru.

We were taken care of.

I bile smo medicinski zbrinute.

Three weeks later, I was healed, and I was back in high school.

Tri sedmice kasnije bila sam izlečena i vratila sam se u srednju školu.

I was so determined to be a teacher now

Bila sam tako odlučna da budem učiteljica

so that I could make a difference in my family.

da bih mogla napraviti neke razlike u mojoj porodici.

Well, while I was in high school, something happened.

Dok sam bila u srednjoj školi, nešto se dogodilo.

I met a young gentleman from our village

Upoznala sam mladog gospodina iz našeg sela

who had been to the University of Oregon.

koji je išao na Univerzitet u Oregonu.

This man was wearing a white t-shirt, jeans, camera,

Ovaj čovek je nosio belu majicu, džins, kameru,

white sneakers -- and I'm talking about white sneakers.

bele patike - i ja sam pričala o belim patikama.

There is something about clothes, I think, and shoes.

Bilo je nešto u toj odeći i mislim, u patikama.

They were sneakers, and this is in a village

To su bile patike i to u selu u kome nema asfaltiranih puteva.

that doesn't even have paved roads. It was quite attractive.

To je bilo prilično privlačno.

I told him, "Well, I want to go to where you are,"

Rekla sam mu: "Želim da idem tamo gde si ti,"

because this man looked very happy, and I admired that.

jer je ovaj čovek izgledao srećno i divila sam se tome.

And he told me, "Well,

A on mi je rekao:

what do you mean, you want to go?

"Kako to misliš, da želiš da ideš?

Don't you have a husband waiting for you?"

Zar nemaš muža koji te čeka?"

And I told him, "Don't worry about that part.

I ja sam mu rekla: "Ne brini za to.

Just tell me how to get there."

Samo mi reci kako da stignem do tamo."

This gentleman, he helped me.

Ovaj gospodin, on mi je pomogao.

While I was in high school also, my dad was sick.

Dok sam bila u srednjoj školi, moj otac je bio bolestan.

He got a stroke, and he was really, really sick,

Doživeo je moždani udar i bio je veoma, veoma bolestan,

so he really couldn't tell me what to do next.

pa mi nije mogao reći šta da radim dalje.

But the problem is, my father is not the only father I have.

Ali problem je, što moj otac nije jedini otac kog sam imala.

Everybody who is my dad's age, male in the community,

Svi stari koliko i moj otac, muškarci u zajednici,

is my father by default --

smatrali su se mojim očevima -

my uncles, all of them -- and they dictate what my future is.

moji ujaci, stričevi, svi oni - i oni su diktirali

kakva će moja budućnosti biti.

So the news came, I applied to school

Vesti su stigle, aplicirala sam za školu

and I was accepted to Randolph-Macon Woman's College in Lynchburg, Virginia,

i bila sam prihvaćena u Randolf-Mejkon ženskom fakultetu

u Linčburgu, Virdžiniji,

and I couldn't come without the support of the village,

ali nisam mogla da odem bez podrške sela,

because I needed to raise money to buy the air ticket.

jer sam morala da skupim novac za avionsku kartu.

I got a scholarship but I needed to get myself here.

Dobila sam stipendiju ali mi je trebalo da dođem ovde.

But I needed the support of the village,

Ali trebala mi je podrška sela

and here again, when the men heard,

i evo opet, kada su muškarci čuli,

and the people heard that a woman had gotten an opportunity to go to school,

i kada su ljudi čuli da je žena dobila priliku da ide u školu,

they said, "What a lost opportunity.

rekli su: "Kakva izgubljena prilika.

This should have been given to a boy. We can't do this."

Ovo je trebalo da dobije muškarac. Ne možemo da radimo ovo."

So I went back and I had to go back to the tradition.

Vratila sam se nazad i morala sam da se vratim tradiciji.

There's a belief among our people

Postoji verovanje u našem narodu

that morning brings good news.

da jutro donosi dobre vesti.

So I had to come up with something to do with the morning,

Tako da sam morala da smislim nešto da radim ujutru,

because there's good news in the morning.

jer su dobre vesti ujutru.

And in the village also, there is one chief, an elder,

I u selu takođe, postoji jedan poglavica, stariji,

who if he says yes, everybody will follow him.

i ako on kaže da, svi će ga pratiti.

So I went to him very early in the morning, as the sun rose.

Otišla sam kod njega veoma rano ujutru, čim je sunce izašlo.

The first thing he sees when he opens his door is, it's me.

Prvo što je video kada je otvorio vrata bila sam ja.

"My child, what are you doing here?"

"Dete moje, šta ti radiš ovde?"

"Well, Dad, I need help. Can you support me to go to America?"

"Oče, treba mi pomoć. Možeš li me podržati da odem u Ameriku?"

I promised him that I would be the best girl,

Obećala sam mu da ću biti najbolja devojka,

I will come back, anything they wanted after that,

da ću se vratiti, šta god požele nakon toga,

I will do it for them.

ja ću to uraditi za njih.

He said, "Well, but I can't do it alone."

On je rekao: "U redu, ali ja to ne mogu da uradim sam."

He gave me a list of another 15 men that I went --

Dao mi je spisak ostalih 15 muškaraca kod kojih sam išla -

16 more men -- every single morning

još 16 muškaraca - svakog jutra

I went and visited them.

ja sam išla i posećivala ih.

They all came together.

Oni su svi došli zajedno.

The village, the women, the men, everybody came together

Selo, žene, muškarci, svi su došli zajedno

to support me to come to get an education.

da me podrže da odem i steknem obrazovanje.

I arrived in America. As you can imagine, what did I find?

Stigla sam u Ameriku. Možete li zamisliti, šta sam pronašla?

I found snow!

Pronašla sam sneg!

I found Wal-Marts, vacuum cleaners,

Pronašla sam tržne centre, usisivače

and lots of food in the cafeteria.

i mnogo hrane u menzi.

I was in a land of plenty.

Bila sam u zemlji izobilja.

I enjoyed myself, but during that moment while I was here,

Uživala sam, ali tokom tog tenutka dok sam bila ovde,

I discovered a lot of things.

otkrila sam mnoge stvari.

I learned that that ceremony that I went through

Naučila sam da se obred kroz koji sam prošla

when I was 13 years old, it was called female genital mutilation.

kada sam imala 13 godina, zove sakaćenje ženskih genitalija.

I learned that it was against the law in Kenya.

Naučila sam da je to bilo ilegalno u Keniji.

I learned that I did not have to trade part of my body

Naučila sam da nisam morala da \prodam deo svog tela

to get an education. I had a right.

da bih stekla obrazovanje. Imala sam pravo.

And as we speak right now, three million girls

U ovom trenutku, tri miliona devojaka

in Africa are at risk of going through this mutilation.

u Africi rizikuje da proživi ovo sakaćenje.

I learned that my mom had a right to own property.

Naučila sam da je moja mama imala pravo na sopstvenu imovinu.

I learned that she did not have to be abused

Naučila sam da ona nije morala biti zlostavljana

because she is a woman.

zbog toga što je žensko.

Those things made me angry.

Ove stvari su me razljutile.

I wanted to do something.

Želela sam da nešto uradim.

As I went back, every time I went,

Kad sam se vraćala, svaki put kada sam otišla

I found that my neighbors' girls were getting married.

saznala sam da su se devojke iz komšiluka udavale.

They were getting mutilated, and here,

Sakatili su ih i evo

after I graduated from here, I worked at the U.N.,

nakon što sam ovde diplomirala, radila sam za Ujedinjene nacije,

I went back to school to get my graduate work,

vratila sam se u školu da uradim svoj diplomski rad

the constant cry of these girls was in my face.

i konstantan plač ovih devojaka mi je bio u glavi.

I had to do something.

Morala sam nešto da uradim.

As I went back, I started talking to the men,

Kad sam se vratila, počela sam da pričam sa muškarcima,

to the village, and mothers, and I said,

sa selom i majkama i rekla sam:

"I want to give back the way I had promised you

"Želim da se vratim onako kako sam vam obećala

that I would come back and help you. What do you need?"

da ću se vratiti i pomoći vam. Šta vam treba?"

As I spoke to the women, they told me,

Kada sam pričala sa ženama, rekle su mi:

"You know what we need? We really need a school for girls."

"Znaš šta nam treba? Zaista nam treba škola za devojke."

Because there had not been any school for girls.

Jer tamo nije postojala škola za devojke.

And the reason they wanted the school for girls

I razlog zbog čega su one želele školu za devojke jeste

is because when a girl is raped when she's walking to school,

zbog toga što kada siluju devojku dok ona ide do škole,

the mother is blamed for that.

majka je kriva zbog toga.

If she got pregnant before she got married,

Ako zatrudni pre nego što se uda,

the mother is blamed for that, and she's punished.

majka je kriva zbog toga i nju kažnjavaju.

She's beaten.

Pretuku je.

They said, "We wanted to put our girls in a safe place."

Rekle su: "Želimo da smestimo naše devojke na sigurno."

As we moved, and I went to talk to the fathers,

Kada smo se preselili, otišla sam da pričam sa očevima,

the fathers, of course, you can imagine what they said:

očevi, naravno, možete zamisliti šta su rekli:

"We want a school for boys."

"Mi želimo školu za dečake."

And I said, "Well, there are a couple of men from my village

I ja sam rekla: "Postoji nekoliko muškaraca iz mog sela

who have been out and they have gotten an education.

koji su bili napolju i stekli obrazovanje.

Why can't they build a school for boys,

Zašto oni ne mogu da izgrade školu za dečake,

and I'll build a school for girls?"

a ja ću da izgradim školu za devojčice?"

That made sense. And they agreed.

To je imalo smisla. I oni su se saglasili.

And I told them, I wanted them to show me a sign of commitment.

I rekla sam im, želim da mi pokažu znak posvećenosti.

And they did. They donated land where we built the girls' school.

I jesu. Donirali su zemlju gde smo sagradili školu za devojke.

We have.

Sagradili smo je.

I want you to meet one of the girls in that school.

Želim da upoznate jednu devojku iz te škole.

Angeline came to apply for the school,

Anđelina je došla da se prijavi za školu,

and she did not meet any criteria that we had.

i nije ispunjavala nijedan od kriterijuma koje smo imali.

She's an orphan. Yes, we could have taken her for that.

Ona je siroče, da, mogli smo je primiti zbog toga.

But she was older. She was 12 years old,

Ali ona je bila starija. Imala je 12 godina,

and we were taking girls who were in fourth grade.

a mi smo primali devojčice koje su bile u četvrtom razredu.

Angeline had been moving from one place --

Anđelina se selila sa jednog mesta -

because she's an orphan, she has no mother, she has no father --

jer je bila siroče, nije imala ni majku, ni oca -

moving from one grandmother's house to another one,

selila se iz kuće jedne babe do kuće druge babe, od tetke do tetke.

from aunties to aunties. She had no stability in her life.

Nije bilo stabilnosti u njenom životu.

And I looked at her, I remember that day,

I pogledala sam je, sećam se tog dana,

and I saw something beyond what I was seeing in Angeline.

i videla sam nešto više nego što sam videla u Anđelini.

And yes, she was older to be in fourth grade.

I da, ona je bila prestara za četvrti razred.

We gave her the opportunity to come to the class.

Dali smo joj priliku da dođe na čas.

Five months later, that is Angeline.

Pet meseci kasnije, to je Anđelina.

A transformation had begun in her life.

Transformacija je počela u njenom životu.

Angeline wants to be a pilot so she can fly around the world

Anđelina želi da bude pilot da bi mogla da leti oko sveta

and make a difference.

i da napravi razliku.

She was not the top student when we took her.

Nije bila najbolja učenica kada smo je uzeli.

Now she's the best student, not just in our school,

Sada je ona najbolja učenica, ne samo u našoj školi,

but in the entire division that we are in.

nego i u celom našem okrugu.

That's Sharon. That's five years later.

To je Šeron. Pet godina kasnije.

That's Evelyn. Five months later, that is the difference that we are making.

To je Evelin. Pet meseci kasnije i to je promena koju pravimo.

As a new dawn is happening in my school,

Kako se nova zora budila u mojoj školi,

a new beginning is happening.

novi početak se dešavao.

As we speak right now, 125 girls will never be mutilated.

U ovom trenutku, 125 devojaka neće nikada biti osakaćeno.

One hundred twenty-five girls will not be married when they're 12 years old.

Sto dvadeset pet devojaka neće biti udato sa 12 godina.

One hundred twenty-five girls are creating and achieving their dreams.

Sto dvadeset pet devojaka stvaraju i ispunjaju svoje snove.

This is the thing that we are doing,

Ovo je poenta toga što radimo,

giving them opportunities where they can rise.

dajemo im priliku gde one mogu da napreduju.

As we speak right now, women are not being beaten

U ovom trenutku, žene više ne tuku

because of the revolutions we've started in our community.

zbog revolucije koju smo započeli u našoj zajednici.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

I want to challenge you today.

Želim da vas izazovem danas.

You are listening to me because you are here,

Slušate me jer ste ovde,

very optimistic.

veoma optimistični.

You are somebody who is so passionate.

Vi ste neko ko je veoma strastan.

You are somebody who wants to see a better world.

Vi ste neko ko želi da vidi bolji svet.

You are somebody who wants to see that war ends, no poverty.

Vi ste neko ko želi kraj ratova, kraj siromaštvu.

You are somebody who wants to make a difference.

Vi ste neko ko želi da napravi razliku.

You are somebody who wants to make our tomorrow better.

Vi ste neko ko želi da naše sutra učini boljim.

I want to challenge you today that to be the first,

Ja želim da vas izazovem danas da budete prvi,

because people will follow you.

jer će vas ljudi pratiti.

Be the first. People will follow you.

Budite prvi. Ljudi će vas pratiti.

Be bold. Stand up. Be fearless. Be confident.

Budite hrabri. Ustanite. Budite neustrašivi. Budite samouvereni.

Move out, because as you change your world,

Odselite se, jer kako menjate svet,

as you change your community,

kako menjate svoju zajednicu,

as we believe that we are impacting one girl, one family,

kao što mi verujemo da utičemo na jednu po jednu devojku,

jednu po jednu porodicu

one village, one country at a time.

jedno po jedno selo, jednu po jednu državu.

We are making a difference, so if you change your world,

Mi pravimo razliku, ako vi menjate svoj svet,

you are going to change your community,

vi ćete menjati svoju zajednicu,

you are going to change your country,

vi ćete menjati svoju državu i razmislite o tome.

and think about that. If you do that, and I do that,

Ako vi to radite i ja to radim,

aren't we going to create a better future for our children,

zar nećemo stvoriti bolju budućnost za našu decu,

for your children, for our grandchildren?

za vašu decu, za naše unuke?

And we will live in a very peaceful world. Thank you very much.

I živećemo u veoma mirnom svetu. Puno vam hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)