Kakenya Ntaiya: A girl who demanded school | TED

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Prevoditelj: Martina Dolenčić Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

There's a group of people in Kenya.

Postoji grupa ljudi u Keniji.

People cross oceans to go see them.

Ljudi prelaze oceane kako bi ih vidjeli.

These people are tall.

Ti ljudi su visoki.

They jump high. They wear red.

Visoko skaču. Nose crveno.

And they kill lions.

I ubijaju lavove.

You might be wondering, who are these people?

Zasigurno se pitate, tko su ti ljudi?

These are the Maasais.

Oni su Masai.

And you know what's cool? I'm actually one of them.

I znate što je cool? Ja sam zapravo jedna od njih.

The Maasais, the boys are brought up to be warriors.

Masai, dječaci su odgajani da budu ratnici.

The girls are brought up to be mothers.

Djevojke su odgajane da budu majke.

When I was five years old,

Kada sam imala pet godina,

I found out that I was engaged

saznala sam da sam zaručena

to be married as soon as I reached puberty.

kako bih se udala čim uđem u pubertet.

My mother, my grandmother, my aunties,

Moja majka, baka, moje ujne,

they constantly reminded me that

stalno su me podsjećale da

your husband just passed by.

tvoj je muž upravo prošao.

(Laughter) Cool, yeah?

(Smijeh) Cool, ha?

And everything I had to do from that moment

I sve što sam morala napraviti od tog trenutka

was to prepare me to be a perfect woman at age 12.

je bilo pripremiti se da budem savršena žena od 12 godina.

My day started at 5 in the morning,

Dan mi je počinjao u 5 sati ujutro,

milking the cows, sweeping the house,

muženje krava,čišćenje kuće,

cooking for my siblings, collecting water, firewood.

kuhanje za svoju braću, skupljanje vode, drva za ogrijev.

I did everything that I needed to do

Činila sam sve što sam morala

to become a perfect wife.

kako bih postala savršena žena.

I went to school not because the Maasais'

Išla sam u školu ne zato što su žene i djevojke Masai

women or girls were going to school.

išle u školu.

It's because my mother was denied an education,

Išla sam jer je mojoj majci uskraćeno obrazovanje,

and she constantly reminded me and my siblings that

i stalno je ponavljala meni i mojoj braći da

she never wanted us to live the life she was living.

nama ne želi život kakav je ona živjela.

Why did she say that?

Zašto je to rekla?

My father worked as a policeman in the city.

Moj je otac radio kao policajac u gradu.

He came home once a year.

Dolazio je doma jednom na godinu.

We didn't see him for sometimes even two years.

Ponekad ga nismo vidjeli po dvije godine.

And whenever he came home, it was a different case.

I kada god bi došao doma, bilo je drukčije.

My mother worked hard in the farm

Moja je majka puno radila na farmi

to grow crops so that we can eat.

kako bi rasli usjevi nama za hranu.

She reared the cows and the goats

Uzgajala je krave i koze

so that she can care for us.

da bi se mogla brinuti za nas.

But when my father came, he would sell the cows,

Ali kada je moj otac došao, on bi rasprodao krave,

he would sell the products we had,

prodao bi sve proizvode što smo imali,

and he went and drank with his friends in the bars.

i otišao piti sa svojim društvom u barove.

Because my mother was a woman,

Zato što je moja majka bila žena,

she was not allowed to own any property,

nije joj bilo dozvoljeno da posjeduje bilo kakvu imovinu,

and by default, everything in my family anyway

i podrazumijevalo se da sve u mojoj obitelji

belongs to my father, so he had the right.

pripada mom ocu, pa je on imao na to pravo.

And if my mother ever questioned him,

I ako bi ga moja majka ikada upitala,

he beat her, abused her, and really it was difficult.

istukao bi je, zlostavljao, i zaista je bilo teško.

When I went to school, I had a dream.

Kada sam išla u školu, imala sam san.

I wanted to become a teacher.

Željala sam postati učiteljica.

Teachers looked nice.

Učiteljice izgledaju lijepo.

They wear nice dresses, high-heeled shoes.

Nose lijepe haljine, cipele s visokim petama.

I found out later that they are uncomfortable, but I admired it.

Kasnije sam saznala da su one neudobne, ali sam ih obožavala.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

But most of all, the teacher was just writing on the board --

Ali najviše od svega, učiteljice su samo pisale po ploči--

not hard work, that's what I thought,

nisu imale težak posao, to sam ja mislila,

compared to what I was doing in the farm.

uspoređujući to s onime što sam ja radila na farmi.

So I wanted to become a teacher.

I tako sam željela postati učiteljica.

I worked hard in school, but when I was in eighth grade,

Trudila sam se u školi, ali kada sam bila u osmom razredu,

it was a determining factor.

to je bio odlučujući faktor.

In our tradition, there is a ceremony

U našoj tradiciji postoji ceremonija

that girls have to undergo to become women,

koju djevojke moraju proći kako bi postale žene,

and it's a rite of passage to womanhood.

i to je obred na putu prema ženstvenosti.

And then I was just finishing my eighth grade,

I tada sam završavala osmi razred,

and that was a transition for me to go to high school.

i to je bio prijelaz da krenem u srednju školu.

This was the crossroad.

To je bilo križanje.

Once I go through this tradition, I was going to become a wife.

Jednom kada prođem ovu tradiciju, postajem žena.

Well, my dream of becoming a teacher will not come to pass.

Stoga, moj san o tome da postanem učiteljica neće se dogoditi.

So I talked -- I had to come up with a plan

I tako sam razgovarala- morala sam smisliti plan

to figure these things out.

kako bih sve shvatila.

I talked to my father. I did something that most girls have never done.

Razgovarala sam sa ocem. Učinila sam nešto što većina djevojaka nikad nije uradilo.

I told my father, "I will only go through this ceremony

Rekla sam ocu, "Proći ću ovu ceremoniju

if you let me go back to school."

samo ako mi dozvoliš da se vratim nazad u školu."

The reason why, if I ran away,

Razlog zašto, ako bih pobjegla,

my father will have a stigma, people will be calling him

moj bi otac imao stigmu, ljudi bi ga nazivali

the father of that girl who didn't go through the ceremony.

ocem djevojke koja nije prošla ceremoniju.

It was a shameful thing for him to carry the rest of his life.

To je bila sramotna stvar za njega tijekom cijelog života.

So he figured out. "Well," he said, "okay,

Odlučio je. "Pa, rekao je, ok,

you'll go to school after the ceremony."

ići ćeš u školu nakon ceremonije."

I did. The ceremony happened.

Jesam. Ceremonija se dogodila.

It's a whole week long of excitement.

To je cijeli tjedan pun uzbuđenja.

It's a ceremony. People are enjoying it.

To je ceremonija. Ljudi uživaju u tome.

And the day before the actual ceremony happens,

I dan prije nego što se ceremonija odvijala,

we were dancing, having excitement,

plesali smo, bili uzbuđeni,

and through all the night we did not sleep.

i nismo spavali cijelu noć.

The actual day came, and we walked out of the house

Taj dan je došao i izašli smo iz kuće

that we were dancing in. Yes, we danced and danced.

gdje smo plesali. Da, plesali smo i plesali.

We walked out to the courtyard, and there were a bunch of people waiting.

Izašli smo u dvorište, a tamo je bila hrpa ljudi koji su čekali.

They were all in a circle.

Svi su stajali u krugu.

And as we danced and danced,

I kako smo plesali i plesali,

and we approached this circle of women,

i približavali smo se ženskom krugu,

men, women, children, everybody was there.

muškarci, žene, djeca, svi su bili tamo.

There was a woman sitting in the middle of it,

U sredini je sjedila žena

and this woman was waiting to hold us.

koja je čekala da nas primi.

I was the first. There were my sisters and a couple of other girls,

Ja sam bila prva. Bilo je puno sestara i grupa ostalih djevojaka,

and as I approached her,

i kako sam joj se približavala,

she looked at me, and I sat down.

pogledala me i ja sam sjela.

And I sat down, and I opened my legs.

Sjela sam i rastvorila noge.

As I opened my leg, another woman came,

Kako sam rastvorila noge, došla je druga žena,

and this woman was carrying a knife.

a ona je nosila nož.

And as she carried the knife, she walked toward me

I kako je nosila nož, hodala je prema meni

and she held the clitoris, and she cut it off.

primila je klitoris i odrezala ga.

As you can imagine, I bled. I bled.

Kao što možete zamisliti, ja sam krvarila. I krvarila.

After bleeding for a while, I fainted thereafter.

Nakon nekog vremena krvarenja, onesvijestila sam se.

It's something that so many girls --

To je nešto radi čega mnoge djevojke--

I'm lucky, I never died -- but many die.

Ja na sreću nisam, ali mnoge umiru.

It's practiced, it's no anesthesia, it's a rusty old knife,

To je uvježbano, bez anestezije, stari zahrđali nož,

and it was difficult.

i bilo je teško.

I was lucky because one, also, my mom did something

Bila sam sretna jer je moja mama učinila nešto

that most women don't do.

što mnoge žene ne bi.

Three days later, after everybody has left the home,

Tri dana kasnije, nakon što su svi napustili kuću,

my mom went and brought a nurse.

moja je majka dovela medicinsku sestru.

We were taken care of.

Bile smo zbrinute.

Three weeks later, I was healed, and I was back in high school.

Tri tjedna kasnije, rana je zarasla, a ja sam se vratila u srednju školu.

I was so determined to be a teacher now

Bila sam toliko odlučna da želim postati učiteljica

so that I could make a difference in my family.

kako bih mogla učiniti promjene u svojoj obitelji.

Well, while I was in high school, something happened.

Kada sam pohađala srednju školu, nešto se dogodilo.

I met a young gentleman from our village

Upoznala sam mladića iz našeg sela

who had been to the University of Oregon.

koji je bio na Fakultetu u Oregonu.

This man was wearing a white t-shirt, jeans, camera,

Nosio je bijelu majicu kratkih rukava, traperice, kameru,

white sneakers -- and I'm talking about white sneakers.

bijele tenisice -- govorim o bijelim tenesicama.

There is something about clothes, I think, and shoes.

Ima nešto u odjeći, barem mislim, i cipelama.

They were sneakers, and this is in a village

To su bile tenesice, a ovo je selo

that doesn't even have paved roads. It was quite attractive.

nema čak ni asfaltiranih puteva. To je bilo pomalo privlačno.

I told him, "Well, I want to go to where you are,"

Rekla sam mu, "Pa, želim ići gdje i ti",

because this man looked very happy, and I admired that.

jer ovaj je čovjek izgledao jako sretan, i tome sam se divila.

And he told me, "Well,

On mi je rekao, "Pa,

what do you mean, you want to go?

kako to misliš, da želiš ići?

Don't you have a husband waiting for you?"

Zar nemaš muža koji te čeka?"

And I told him, "Don't worry about that part.

I rekla sam mu, "Ne brini o tome.

Just tell me how to get there."

Samo mi reci kako da dođem tamo."

This gentleman, he helped me.

Ovaj ljubazni mladić mi je pomogao.

While I was in high school also, my dad was sick.

Dok sam bila u srednjoj školi, moj se otac razbolio.

He got a stroke, and he was really, really sick,

Imao je udar, i bio je zaista, zaista vrlo bolestan,

so he really couldn't tell me what to do next.

pa mi nije mogao reči što učiniti dalje.

But the problem is, my father is not the only father I have.

Ali problem je što moj otac nije jedini otac kojeg imam.

Everybody who is my dad's age, male in the community,

Svatko tko je godište poput moga oca, a muško je u zajednici,

is my father by default --

je prema pravilu moj otac--

my uncles, all of them -- and they dictate what my future is.

moji ujaci, svi oni-- odlučuju o mojoj budućnosti.

So the news came, I applied to school

Stigle su novosti, prijavila sam se u školu

and I was accepted to Randolph-Macon Woman's College in Lynchburg, Virginia,

i bila sam primljena na ženski fakultet Randolph-Macon u Lynchburgu, Virginia,

and I couldn't come without the support of the village,

ali nisam mogla ići bez podrške sela,

because I needed to raise money to buy the air ticket.

jer sam trebala novac kako bih kupila avionsku kartu.

I got a scholarship but I needed to get myself here.

Dobila sam školarinu ali trebala sam nekako stići tamo.

But I needed the support of the village,

Trebala sam podršku sela,

and here again, when the men heard,

ali ponovo, kada su muškarci čuli,

and the people heard that a woman had gotten an opportunity to go to school,

kada su ljudi čuli da je žena dobila priliku ići se školovati,

they said, "What a lost opportunity.

rekli su, "Kakva upropaštena prilika.

This should have been given to a boy. We can't do this."

To je trebalo dati nekom dječaku. Ne možemo to dopustiti."

So I went back and I had to go back to the tradition.

I tako sam se morala vratiti nazad i vratiti se tradiciji.

There's a belief among our people

Postoji vjerovanje među našim ljudima

that morning brings good news.

da jutro donosi dobre vijesti.

So I had to come up with something to do with the morning,

Morala sam smisliti nešto što uraditi s jutrom,

because there's good news in the morning.

jer jutro donosi dobre vijesti.

And in the village also, there is one chief, an elder,

U selu također postoji glavni, najstariji,

who if he says yes, everybody will follow him.

koji ako kaže da, svi ostali ga slijede.

So I went to him very early in the morning, as the sun rose.

Pa sam otišla do njega rano ujutro dok je sunce izlazilo.

The first thing he sees when he opens his door is, it's me.

Prva stvar koju je ugledao dok je otvorio vrata sam bila ja.

"My child, what are you doing here?"

"Dijete moje, što radiš ovdje?"

"Well, Dad, I need help. Can you support me to go to America?"

"Pa, oče, trebam pomoć. Možeš li me podržati kako bih otišla u Ameriku?"

I promised him that I would be the best girl,

Obećala sam mu da ću biti najbolja djevojka,

I will come back, anything they wanted after that,

da ću se vratiti, sve što žele nakon toga,

I will do it for them.

ja ću učiniti.

He said, "Well, but I can't do it alone."

Rekao je, "Ali ja to ne mogu sam odlučiti."

He gave me a list of another 15 men that I went --

Dao mi je listu od 15 ostalih ljudi koje sam obišla

16 more men -- every single morning

16 muškaraca više-- svako jutro

I went and visited them.

sam odlazila posjetiti ih.

They all came together.

Svi su došli zajedno.

The village, the women, the men, everybody came together

Selo, žene, muškarci, svi su došli zajedno

to support me to come to get an education.

podržati me kako bih se mogla ići obrazovati.

I arrived in America. As you can imagine, what did I find?

Stigla sam u Ameriku. Kao što možete zamisliti, na što sam naišla?

I found snow!

Na snijeg!

I found Wal-Marts, vacuum cleaners,

Naišla sam na Wal-Mart, usisavače,

and lots of food in the cafeteria.

i puno hrane u kafeterijama.

I was in a land of plenty.

Bila sam u zemlji izobilja.

I enjoyed myself, but during that moment while I was here,

Uživala sam, ali tijekom vremena dok sam bila ovdje,

I discovered a lot of things.

otkrila sam mnogo stvari.

I learned that that ceremony that I went through

Naučila sam da se ta ceremonija kroz koju sam ja prošla

when I was 13 years old, it was called female genital mutilation.

kada sam imala 13 godina, naziva osakaćenje ženskih genitalija.

I learned that it was against the law in Kenya.

Naučila sam da je to u Keniji protuzakonito.

I learned that I did not have to trade part of my body

Naučila sam da nisam trebala trgovati dijelom svoga tijela

to get an education. I had a right.

kako bih stekla obrazovanje. Imala sam pravo.

And as we speak right now, three million girls

I dok mi ovdje govorimo, 3 milijuna djevojaka

in Africa are at risk of going through this mutilation.

u Africi su uopasnosti od tog osakaćenja.

I learned that my mom had a right to own property.

Naučila sam da moja majka ima pravo na svoju vlastitu imovinu.

I learned that she did not have to be abused

Naučila sam da nije trebala biti zlostavljana

because she is a woman.

zato jer je žena.

Those things made me angry.

Te su me stvari razljutile.

I wanted to do something.

Željela sam nešto učiniti.

As I went back, every time I went,

Kako sam se vraćala, svaki put kada bih otišla,

I found that my neighbors' girls were getting married.

saznala sam da se moje susjede djevojčice udaju.

They were getting mutilated, and here,

Bile su unakažene, i ovdje,

after I graduated from here, I worked at the U.N.,

nakon diplomiranja, radila sam u UN-u,

I went back to school to get my graduate work,

vratila sam se u školu kako bih dobila svoj diplomski rad,

the constant cry of these girls was in my face.

neprestano plakanje tih djevojčica bilo mi je pred očima.

I had to do something.

Morala sam nešto učiniti.

As I went back, I started talking to the men,

Kako sam se vratila nazad, počela sam pričati muškarcima,

to the village, and mothers, and I said,

selu, majkama, i rekla sam,

"I want to give back the way I had promised you

"Želim vam se odužiti što sam i obećala

that I would come back and help you. What do you need?"

da ću se vratiti nazad i pomoći vam. Što trebate?"

As I spoke to the women, they told me,

Kako sam govorila ženama, rekle su mi,

"You know what we need? We really need a school for girls."

"Znaš li što trebamo? Zaista trebamo školu za djevojke."

Because there had not been any school for girls.

Zato jer ondje nije postojala niti jedna škola za djevojke.

And the reason they wanted the school for girls

A razlog zašto su željele školu za djevojke

is because when a girl is raped when she's walking to school,

je taj što kada su djevojke silovane na putu prema školi

the mother is blamed for that.

majka je za to okrivljena.

If she got pregnant before she got married,

Ako zatrudni prije nego što se uda,

the mother is blamed for that, and she's punished.

majka ja za to okrivljena, i ona je kažnjena.

She's beaten.

Prebijena je.

They said, "We wanted to put our girls in a safe place."

Rekli su: "Želimo staviti naše djevojke na sigurno mjesto."

As we moved, and I went to talk to the fathers,

Kako smo se pomicali, i ja sam išla razgovarati s očevima,

the fathers, of course, you can imagine what they said:

oni su, naravno, možete zamisliti, kako reagirali:

"We want a school for boys."

"Želimo školu za dječake".

And I said, "Well, there are a couple of men from my village

A ja sam rekla, "Pa, postoji nekoliko muškaraca iz mog sela

who have been out and they have gotten an education.

koji su bili vani i stekli obrazovanje.

Why can't they build a school for boys,

Zašto ne bi oni sagradili školu za dječake,

and I'll build a school for girls?"

a ja ću sagraditi školu za djevojke?"

That made sense. And they agreed.

To je imalo smisla. Složili su se.

And I told them, I wanted them to show me a sign of commitment.

Rekla sam im da želim da mi pokažu odanost.

And they did. They donated land where we built the girls' school.

I to su učinili. Donirali su zemlju gdje smo sagradili školu za djevojke.

We have.

Jesmo.

I want you to meet one of the girls in that school.

Želim da upoznate jednu od djevojaka iz te škole.

Angeline came to apply for the school,

Angeline se došla upisati u školu,

and she did not meet any criteria that we had.

a nije zadovoljila ni jedan krijteriji koji smo imali.

She's an orphan. Yes, we could have taken her for that.

Ona je siroče. Da, mogli smo je uzeti za to.

But she was older. She was 12 years old,

Ali bila je starija. Imala je 12 godina,

and we were taking girls who were in fourth grade.

i uzimali smo djevojke koje su bile četvrti razred.

Angeline had been moving from one place --

Angeline je bila premještena s jednog mjesta--

because she's an orphan, she has no mother, she has no father --

jer je siroče, nema ni oca, nema ni majke--

moving from one grandmother's house to another one,

premještena iz bakine kuće u drugu,

from aunties to aunties. She had no stability in her life.

od tete do tete. Ona nema stabilnost u životu.

And I looked at her, I remember that day,

I pogledala sam ju, sjećam se tog dana

and I saw something beyond what I was seeing in Angeline.

vidjela sam nešto osim onoga što sam vidjela u Angelini.

And yes, she was older to be in fourth grade.

I da, bila je starija da bi bila u četvrtom razredu.

We gave her the opportunity to come to the class.

Dali smo joj priliku da dođe na predavanje.

Five months later, that is Angeline.

Pet mjeseci kasnije, ovo je Angelina.

A transformation had begun in her life.

Promjene u njezinom životu su počele.

Angeline wants to be a pilot so she can fly around the world

Angeline želi biti pilot kako bi mogla letjeti cijelim svijetom

and make a difference.

i činiti promjene.

She was not the top student when we took her.

Nije bila najbolji učenik kada samo je primili.

Now she's the best student, not just in our school,

Sada, ona je najbolji učenik, ne samo u našoj školi,

but in the entire division that we are in.

nego u cijelom odjeljenju.

That's Sharon. That's five years later.

Ovo je Sharon. To je pet godina kasnije.

That's Evelyn. Five months later, that is the difference that we are making.

Ovo je Evelyn. Pet mjeseci kasnije, to je razlika koju mi činimo.

As a new dawn is happening in my school,

Kao nova zora što se događa u mojoj školi,

a new beginning is happening.

događa se novi početak.

As we speak right now, 125 girls will never be mutilated.

dok ovdje razgovaramo, 125 djevojaka nikada neće biti unakažene .

One hundred twenty-five girls will not be married when they're 12 years old.

125 djevojaka neće biti udano sa 12 godina.

One hundred twenty-five girls are creating and achieving their dreams.

125 djevojaka zacrtavaju i postižu svoje snove.

This is the thing that we are doing,

To je stvar koju mi činimo,

giving them opportunities where they can rise.

dajemo im priliku gdje mogu rasti.

As we speak right now, women are not being beaten

Dok sada pričamo, žene ne tuku

because of the revolutions we've started in our community.

zbog revolucije koju smo započeli u našoj zajednici.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

I want to challenge you today.

Želim vas danas izazvati.

You are listening to me because you are here,

Slušate me jer ste ovdje,

very optimistic.

vrlo optimistični.

You are somebody who is so passionate.

Vi ste netko tko je toliko strastven.

You are somebody who wants to see a better world.

Vi ste netko tko želi vidjeti bolji svijet.

You are somebody who wants to see that war ends, no poverty.

Vi ste netko tko želi vidjeti kraj tog rata, bez siromaštva.

You are somebody who wants to make a difference.

Vi ste netko tko želi raditi razlike.

You are somebody who wants to make our tomorrow better.

Vi ste netko tko želi učiniti bolje sutra.

I want to challenge you today that to be the first,

Želim vas izazvati danas da budete prvi,

because people will follow you.

jer će vas ljudi slijediti.

Be the first. People will follow you.

Budite prvi. Ljudi će vas slijediti.

Be bold. Stand up. Be fearless. Be confident.

Budite odvažni. Budite neustrašivi. Budite uvjereni.

Move out, because as you change your world,

Iselite se, jer kao što mijenjate svijet,

as you change your community,

tako mijenjate zajednicu,

as we believe that we are impacting one girl, one family,

kako što mi vjerujemo da utječeno na jednu djevojku, jednu obitelj

one village, one country at a time.

jedno selo, jednu zemlju, redom.

We are making a difference, so if you change your world,

Izazivamo promjenu, pa ako promijenite svoj svijet,

you are going to change your community,

promijenit ćete svoju zajednicu,

you are going to change your country,

promijenit ćete svoju zemlju,

and think about that. If you do that, and I do that,

i razmislite o tome. Ako to učinite, i ja to učinim,

aren't we going to create a better future for our children,

zar nećemo kreirati bolju budućnost za našu djecu,

for your children, for our grandchildren?

za vašu djecu, za našu praunučad?

And we will live in a very peaceful world. Thank you very much.

Živjet ćemo u vrlo miroljubivom svijetu. Hvala vam najljepša.

(Applause)

Pljesak