Kakenya Ntaiya: A girl who demanded school | TED

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Translator: Andrej Soušek Reviewer: Linda Magáthová

There's a group of people in Kenya.

V Keni žije skupina ľudí.

People cross oceans to go see them.

Ľudia prekonávajú oceány, aby ich mohli vidieť.

These people are tall.

Títo ľudia sú vysokí.

They jump high. They wear red.

Vysoko skáču. Obliekajú sa do červeného.

And they kill lions.

A zabíjajú levy.

You might be wondering, who are these people?

Možno ste zvedaví, čo sú títo ľudia zač?

These are the Maasais.

Sú to Masajovia.

And you know what's cool? I'm actually one of them.

A viete, čo je zaujímavé? Ja som vlastne jednou z nich.

The Maasais, the boys are brought up to be warriors.

U Masajov sú chlapci vychovávaní ako budúci bojovníci.

The girls are brought up to be mothers.

A dievčatá sú vychovávané ako budúce matky.

When I was five years old,

Keď som mala päť rokov,

I found out that I was engaged

zistila som, že som zasnúbená,

to be married as soon as I reached puberty.

a že sa vydám hneď na začiatku puberty.

My mother, my grandmother, my aunties,

Moja mama, moja stará mama, moje tety,

they constantly reminded me that

všetci mi to stále pripomínali,

your husband just passed by.

keď môj budúci manžel prešiel okolo.

(Laughter) Cool, yeah?

(Smiech) Dobré, nie?

And everything I had to do from that moment

A všetko, čo som musela od tej chvíle robiť,

was to prepare me to be a perfect woman at age 12.

malo zo mňa spraviť dokonalú manželku, keď budem mať 12 rokov.

My day started at 5 in the morning,

Môj deň začínal o 5 ráno.

milking the cows, sweeping the house,

Podojila som kravy, pozametala dom,

cooking for my siblings, collecting water, firewood.

varila som pre mojich súrodencov, chodila som po vodu a drevo.

I did everything that I needed to do

Robila som všetko, čo bolo potrebné,

to become a perfect wife.

aby sa zo mňa stala dokonalá manželka.

I went to school not because the Maasais'

Išla som do školy. Ale nie preto, že u Masajov

women or girls were going to school.

ženy a dievčatá chodia do školy.

It's because my mother was denied an education,

Bolo to kvôli tomu, že mojej mame bolo vzdelanie odoprené

and she constantly reminded me and my siblings that

a stále nám pripomínala,

she never wanted us to live the life she was living.

že nechce, aby sme mali taký život ako ona.

Why did she say that?

Prečo také niečo hovorila?

My father worked as a policeman in the city.

Môj otec pracoval ako policajt v meste.

He came home once a year.

Domov prišiel raz za rok.

We didn't see him for sometimes even two years.

Niekedy sme ho nevideli aj dva roky.

And whenever he came home, it was a different case.

A kedykoľvek prišiel domov, nastali zlé časy.

My mother worked hard in the farm

Moja mama ťažko pracovala na farme,

to grow crops so that we can eat.

aby sme z úrody vyžili.

She reared the cows and the goats

Chovala kravy a kozy,

so that she can care for us.

aby sa o nás vedela postarať.

But when my father came, he would sell the cows,

Ale keď prišiel môj otec, predal kravy,

he would sell the products we had,

predal úrodu, ktorú sme mali,

and he went and drank with his friends in the bars.

a išiel piť so svojimi kamarátmi po baroch.

Because my mother was a woman,

Pretože moja mama bola žena,

she was not allowed to own any property,

nemohla vlastniť žiadny majetok.

and by default, everything in my family anyway

Všetko, čo naša rodina mala,

belongs to my father, so he had the right.

patrilo môjmu otcovi, takže mal na to právo.

And if my mother ever questioned him,

A ak mu na to moja mama niečo povedala,

he beat her, abused her, and really it was difficult.

zbil ju, zneužíval ju a bolo to skutočne ťažké.

When I went to school, I had a dream.

Keď som začala chodiť do školy, mala som sen.

I wanted to become a teacher.

Chcela som sa stať učiteľkou.

Teachers looked nice.

Učiteľky vyzerajú pekne.

They wear nice dresses, high-heeled shoes.

Majú pekné šaty a topánky s vysokými podpätkami.

I found out later that they are uncomfortable, but I admired it.

Neskôr som zistila, že sú nepohodlné, ale obdivovala som ich.

(Laughter)

(Smiech)

But most of all, the teacher was just writing on the board --

Ale hlavne, učiteľky iba píšu na tabuľu --

not hard work, that's what I thought,

to nie je ťažká práca, vtedy som si myslela,

compared to what I was doing in the farm.

v porovnaní s tým, čo som robila na farme.

So I wanted to become a teacher.

Takže som sa chcela stať učiteľkou.

I worked hard in school, but when I was in eighth grade,

Veľa som sa učila, ale keď som prišla do ôsmej triedy,

it was a determining factor.

nastala rozhodujúca chvíľa.

In our tradition, there is a ceremony

Máme tradičnú ceremóniu,

that girls have to undergo to become women,

v ktorej sa dievčatá stávajú ženami,

and it's a rite of passage to womanhood.

je to prechod z detstva do dospelosti.

And then I was just finishing my eighth grade,

A keď som končila ôsmu triedu,

and that was a transition for me to go to high school.

chcela som pokračovať na strednú školu.

This was the crossroad.

Toto bola križovatka.

Once I go through this tradition, I was going to become a wife.

Keď prejdem ceremóniou, budem sa musieť vydať.

Well, my dream of becoming a teacher will not come to pass.

A môj sen byť učiteľkou sa neuskutoční.

So I talked -- I had to come up with a plan

A tak som musela prísť s plánom,

to figure these things out.

musela som to vyriešiť.

I talked to my father. I did something that most girls have never done.

Porozprávala som sa so svojím otcom. Urobila som niečo, čo väčšina dievčat nikdy neurobí.

I told my father, "I will only go through this ceremony

Povedala som otcovi, "Na tú ceremóniu pôjdem,

if you let me go back to school."

iba ak mi dovolíš pokračovať v štúdiu."

The reason why, if I ran away,

Ak by som totiž utiekla,

my father will have a stigma, people will be calling him

na mojom otcovi by zostala tá stigma, ľudia by si vraveli,

the father of that girl who didn't go through the ceremony.

jeho dcéra neprešla ceremóniou.

It was a shameful thing for him to carry the rest of his life.

Bola by to hanba, ktorú by musel niesť celý život.

So he figured out. "Well," he said, "okay,

Uvedomil si to a povedal, "Dobre,

you'll go to school after the ceremony."

pôjdeš do školy po ceremónii."

I did. The ceremony happened.

A tak bolo. Ceremónia začala.

It's a whole week long of excitement.

Je to celý týždeň plný vzrušenia.

It's a ceremony. People are enjoying it.

Je to zábava, ľudia si to užívajú.

And the day before the actual ceremony happens,

A deň pred samotnou ceremóniou

we were dancing, having excitement,

sme tancovali, celé vzrušené,

and through all the night we did not sleep.

a celú noc sme nespali.

The actual day came, and we walked out of the house

Deň D prišiel, vyšli sme z domu,

that we were dancing in. Yes, we danced and danced.

v ktorom sme tancovali. Tancovali a tancovali.

We walked out to the courtyard, and there were a bunch of people waiting.

Vyšli sme na dvor a tam bola kopa ľudí.

They were all in a circle.

Všetci sedeli v kruhu.

And as we danced and danced,

A ako sme tancovali a tancovali,

and we approached this circle of women,

prišli sme k tomuto kruhu,

men, women, children, everybody was there.

ženy, muži, deti, boli tam všetci.

There was a woman sitting in the middle of it,

V strede sedela jedna žena

and this woman was waiting to hold us.

a táto žena nás mala držať.

I was the first. There were my sisters and a couple of other girls,

Ja som bola prvá. Za mnou boli moje sestry a ďalšie dievčatá.

and as I approached her,

Ako som sa priblížila,

she looked at me, and I sat down.

pozrela sa na mňa a ja som si sadla.

And I sat down, and I opened my legs.

Sadla som si a kolená som dala od seba.

As I opened my leg, another woman came,

Prišla ďalšia žena,

and this woman was carrying a knife.

a táto žena mala so sebou nôž.

And as she carried the knife, she walked toward me

Prišla ku mne,

and she held the clitoris, and she cut it off.

vzala môj klitoris a odrezala ho.

As you can imagine, I bled. I bled.

Ako si viete predstaviť, krvácala som. Krvácala som.

After bleeding for a while, I fainted thereafter.

Po chvíli som odpadla.

It's something that so many girls --

Toľko dievčat --

I'm lucky, I never died -- but many die.

ja som mala šťastie -- ale toľké pri tom zomrú.

It's practiced, it's no anesthesia, it's a rusty old knife,

Stále sa to robí, bez anestézie, je to starý hrdzavý nôž.

and it was difficult.

Bolo to ťažké.

I was lucky because one, also, my mom did something

Mala som šťastie, lebo moja mama urobila niečo,

that most women don't do.

čo väčšina žien nerobí.

Three days later, after everybody has left the home,

Po troch dňoch, keď všetci odišli,

my mom went and brought a nurse.

moja mama priviedla zdravotnú sestru.

We were taken care of.

Postarala sa o nás.

Three weeks later, I was healed, and I was back in high school.

O tri týždne som bola zdravá a nastúpila som na strednú školu.

I was so determined to be a teacher now

Bola som odhodlaná stať sa učiteľkou,

so that I could make a difference in my family.

aby som v mojej rodine mohla niečo zmeniť.

Well, while I was in high school, something happened.

Kým som bola na strednej škole, niečo sa stalo.

I met a young gentleman from our village

Stretla som mladého muža z našej dediny,

who had been to the University of Oregon.

ktorý bol na Oregonskej univerzite.

This man was wearing a white t-shirt, jeans, camera,

Tento muž mal oblečené biele tričko, rifle, foťák

white sneakers -- and I'm talking about white sneakers.

a biele tenisky -- mal biele tenisky.

There is something about clothes, I think, and shoes.

Myslím, že oblečenie a topánky o niečom vypovedajú.

They were sneakers, and this is in a village

Boli to tenisky a to sme boli v dedine,

that doesn't even have paved roads. It was quite attractive.

ktorá nemá ani poriadne cesty. Bolo to atraktívne.

I told him, "Well, I want to go to where you are,"

Povedala som mu, "Chcem ísť tam, kde si ty,"

because this man looked very happy, and I admired that.

pretože ten muž vyzeral veľmi šťastne a to som chcela aj ja.

And he told me, "Well,

On mi povedal, "Ale

what do you mean, you want to go?

čo tým myslíš, že chceš ísť?

Don't you have a husband waiting for you?"

Nemáš už určeného manžela, ktorý na teba čaká?"

And I told him, "Don't worry about that part.

Povedala som mu, "O to sa nestaraj.

Just tell me how to get there."

Len mi povedz, ako sa tam dostať."

This gentleman, he helped me.

Tento džentlmen mi pomohol.

While I was in high school also, my dad was sick.

Kým som bola na strednej škole, môj otec ochorel.

He got a stroke, and he was really, really sick,

Dostal porážku a bol naozaj veľmi chorý,

so he really couldn't tell me what to do next.

takže mi nemohol prikázať, čo mám ďalej robiť.

But the problem is, my father is not the only father I have.

Ale problém je, že môj otec nie je jediný otec, ktorého mám.

Everybody who is my dad's age, male in the community,

Každý, kto je vo veku môjho otca, každý muž v komunite,

is my father by default --

je tiež mojím otcom --

my uncles, all of them -- and they dictate what my future is.

moji strýkovia, všetci muži -- mohli diktovať moju budúcnosť.

So the news came, I applied to school

Poslala som na tú vysokú školu prihlášku

and I was accepted to Randolph-Macon Woman's College in Lynchburg, Virginia,

a prijali ma na Randolph-Macon Woman's College v Lynchburgu vo Virgínii.

and I couldn't come without the support of the village,

Nemohla som tam ísť bez podpory mojej dediny,

because I needed to raise money to buy the air ticket.

pretože som potrebovala vyzbierať peniaze na letenku.

I got a scholarship but I needed to get myself here.

Dostala som štipendium, ale musela som sa tam dostať.

But I needed the support of the village,

Potrebovala som teda podporu dediny,

and here again, when the men heard,

a keď muži počuli,

and the people heard that a woman had gotten an opportunity to go to school,

keď všetci počuli, že žena dostala príležitosť ísť študovať,

they said, "What a lost opportunity.

povedali, "To je stratená príležitosť.

This should have been given to a boy. We can't do this."

Mal by ju dostať chlapec. To nemôžeme urobiť."

So I went back and I had to go back to the tradition.

A tak som sa musela vrátiť k tradíciám.

There's a belief among our people

Ľudia u nás veria,

that morning brings good news.

že ráno prináša dobré správy.

So I had to come up with something to do with the morning,

Takže som s niečím musela prísť ráno,

because there's good news in the morning.

pretože ráno prináša dobré správy.

And in the village also, there is one chief, an elder,

A v dedine máme starejšieho, muža,

who if he says yes, everybody will follow him.

ktorého, ak bude súhlasiť, budú všetci ostatní nasledovať.

So I went to him very early in the morning, as the sun rose.

Tak som k nemu išla veľmi skoro ráno, hneď ako vyšlo slnko.

The first thing he sees when he opens his door is, it's me.

Bola som to prvé, čo ráno uvidel, keď otvoril dvere.

"My child, what are you doing here?"

"Dieťa moje, čo tu robíš?"

"Well, Dad, I need help. Can you support me to go to America?"

"Nuž, otče, potrebujem pomoc. Môžete ma podporiť, aby som mohla ísť do Ameriky?"

I promised him that I would be the best girl,

Sľúbila som mu, že budem dobrá a budem sa veľa učiť,

I will come back, anything they wanted after that,

že sa vrátim a potom pre nich urobím čokoľvek

I will do it for them.

budú chcieť.

He said, "Well, but I can't do it alone."

Povedal, "Dobre, ale nemôžem to urobiť sám."

He gave me a list of another 15 men that I went --

Dal mi zoznam ďalších 15 mužov, za ktorými som šla --

16 more men -- every single morning

16 mužov -- a každé jedno ráno

I went and visited them.

som šla a navštívila ich.

They all came together.

Všetci sa zišli.

The village, the women, the men, everybody came together

Dedina, ženy, muži, všetci sa zišli,

to support me to come to get an education.

aby ma podporili, aby som sa mohla vzdelávať.

I arrived in America. As you can imagine, what did I find?

Prišla som do Ameriky. A viete si predstaviť, čo som našla?

I found snow!

Našla som sneh!

I found Wal-Marts, vacuum cleaners,

Našla som Wal-Mart (značka hypermarketov, pozn. prekl.),

and lots of food in the cafeteria.

vysávače a kopec jedla v jedálni.

I was in a land of plenty.

Bola som v zemi nadbytku.

I enjoyed myself, but during that moment while I was here,

Užívala som si to, ale kým som tu bola,

I discovered a lot of things.

zistila som mnoho vecí.

I learned that that ceremony that I went through

Zistila som, že ceremónia, ktorou som prešla,

when I was 13 years old, it was called female genital mutilation.

keď som mala 13 rokov, sa volá zohavenie ženských pohlavných orgánov.

I learned that it was against the law in Kenya.

Zistila som, že je v Keni protizákonná.

I learned that I did not have to trade part of my body

Zistila som, že som nemusela vymeniť časť môjho tela

to get an education. I had a right.

za možnosť vzdelávať sa. Mala som na to právo.

And as we speak right now, three million girls

A ako sa tu rozprávame, tri milióny dievčat

in Africa are at risk of going through this mutilation.

v Afrike sú v ohrození, že podstúpia toto zohavenie.

I learned that my mom had a right to own property.

Zistila som, že moja mama mala právo vlastniť majetok.

I learned that she did not have to be abused

Zistila som, že nemala byť zneužívaná a bitá,

because she is a woman.

len preto, že je žena.

Those things made me angry.

Tie veci ma nahnevali.

I wanted to do something.

Chcela som s tým niečo urobiť.

As I went back, every time I went,

A keď som sa vrátila, vždy keď som sa vracala,

I found that my neighbors' girls were getting married.

našla som viac a viac mojich susediek vydatých.

They were getting mutilated, and here,

Každá z nich bola zohavená.

after I graduated from here, I worked at the U.N.,

Po tom, čo som skončila školu,

I went back to school to get my graduate work,

pracovala som v Organizácii Spojených Národov,

the constant cry of these girls was in my face.

a stále som počula plač týchto dievčat.

I had to do something.

Musela som niečo urobiť.

As I went back, I started talking to the men,

Keď som sa vrátila, začala som sa rozprávať s mužmi,

to the village, and mothers, and I said,

s celou dedinou, s matkami a povedala som,

"I want to give back the way I had promised you

"Chcem vám vrátiť to, čo ste do mňa vložili,

that I would come back and help you. What do you need?"

tak ako som sľúbila. Čo potrebujete?"

As I spoke to the women, they told me,

Hovorila som so ženami a ony mi povedali,

"You know what we need? We really need a school for girls."

"Vieš, čo potrebujeme? Naozaj potrebujeme školu pre dievčatá."

Because there had not been any school for girls.

Pretože žiadne školy pre dievčatá tam neboli.

And the reason they wanted the school for girls

A oni chceli školu pre dievčatá,

is because when a girl is raped when she's walking to school,

pretože ak dievča znásilnili cestou do školy,

the mother is blamed for that.

vina sa kládla jej matke.

If she got pregnant before she got married,

Ak otehotnela ešte pred svadbou,

the mother is blamed for that, and she's punished.

vina sa kládla jej matke a ona bola aj potrestaná.

She's beaten.

Jej matku za to zbili.

They said, "We wanted to put our girls in a safe place."

Povedali, "Chceme posielať naše dievčatá na bezpečné miesto."

As we moved, and I went to talk to the fathers,

Posunuli sme sa, šla som sa porozprávať s otcami.

the fathers, of course, you can imagine what they said:

A viete si predstaviť, čo mi povedali:

"We want a school for boys."

"My chceme školu pre chlapcov."

And I said, "Well, there are a couple of men from my village

A ja som povedala, "Nuž, niekoľko mužov z našej dediny

who have been out and they have gotten an education.

už bolo odišlo a vyštudovali.

Why can't they build a school for boys,

Prečo by nemohli oni vybudovať školu pre chlapcov,

and I'll build a school for girls?"

a ja vybudujem školu pre dievčatá?"

That made sense. And they agreed.

To dávalo zmysel. A oni súhlasili.

And I told them, I wanted them to show me a sign of commitment.

Chcela som, aby mi dokázali, že to myslia vážne.

And they did. They donated land where we built the girls' school.

A oni mi darovali pozemok, na ktorom sme postavili školu pre dievčatá.

We have.

Máme ju.

I want you to meet one of the girls in that school.

Chcem, aby ste sa zoznámili s jednou našou žiačkou.

Angeline came to apply for the school,

Angeline sa prihlásila do školy

and she did not meet any criteria that we had.

a nespĺňala žiadne z našich kritérií.

She's an orphan. Yes, we could have taken her for that.

Je sirota. To by však prijatiu nebránilo.

But she was older. She was 12 years old,

Ale bola staršia. Mala už 12 rokov,

and we were taking girls who were in fourth grade.

a my sme brali dievčatá do štvrtej triedy.

Angeline had been moving from one place --

Angeline sa sťahovala z miesta na miesto --

because she's an orphan, she has no mother, she has no father --

keďže bola sirota, nemala mamu ani otca --

moving from one grandmother's house to another one,

sťahovala sa od jednej starej mamy k druhej,

from aunties to aunties. She had no stability in her life.

od jednej tety k druhej. Nemala v živote žiadnu stabilitu.

And I looked at her, I remember that day,

Pozrela som sa na ňu, pamätám si ten deň,

and I saw something beyond what I was seeing in Angeline.

a videla som v jej očiach iskru.

And yes, she was older to be in fourth grade.

A áno, bola trochu stará na štvrtú triedu.

We gave her the opportunity to come to the class.

Ale dali sme jej príležitosť chodiť do školy.

Five months later, that is Angeline.

O päť mesiacov neskôr, Angeline vyzerá takto.

A transformation had begun in her life.

V jej živote sa začala zmena.

Angeline wants to be a pilot so she can fly around the world

Chce byť pilotkou, aby mohla lietať po celom svete

and make a difference.

a tak ho zmeniť.

She was not the top student when we took her.

Nebola najlepšou študentkou, keď sme ju prijali.

Now she's the best student, not just in our school,

Ale teraz je najlepšia, nielen v našej škole,

but in the entire division that we are in.

ale v celej divízii.

That's Sharon. That's five years later.

Toto je Sharon. Toto je o päť rokov neskôr.

That's Evelyn. Five months later, that is the difference that we are making.

Toto je Evelyn. O päť mesiacov neskôr, toto je zmena, ktorú robíme.

As a new dawn is happening in my school,

V mojej škole začína svitať,

a new beginning is happening.

nastáva nový začiatok.

As we speak right now, 125 girls will never be mutilated.

Dosiahli sme, že 125 dievčat nebude zmrzačených.

One hundred twenty-five girls will not be married when they're 12 years old.

125 dievčat sa nevydá, keď budú mať 12 rokov.

One hundred twenty-five girls are creating and achieving their dreams.

125 dievčat tvorí a dosahuje svoje ciele.

This is the thing that we are doing,

Toto robíme,

giving them opportunities where they can rise.

dávame im príležitosti, pri ktorých môžu rásť.

As we speak right now, women are not being beaten

Odteraz už ženy nie sú bité,

because of the revolutions we've started in our community.

lebo v našej komunite začala revolúcia.

(Applause)

(Potlesk)

I want to challenge you today.

Chcem vás dnes vyzvať.

You are listening to me because you are here,

Počúvate ma, pretože tu sedíte,

very optimistic.

a ste optimistickí.

You are somebody who is so passionate.

Ste tak vášniví.

You are somebody who wants to see a better world.

Chcete vidieť lepší svet.

You are somebody who wants to see that war ends, no poverty.

Chcete vidieť koniec vojny a chudoby.

You are somebody who wants to make a difference.

Chcete zmeniť svet.

You are somebody who wants to make our tomorrow better.

Chcete urobiť zajtrajšok lepším.

I want to challenge you today that to be the first,

Chcem vás vyzvať, aby ste boli prvými,

because people will follow you.

pretože ľudia vás budú nasledovať.

Be the first. People will follow you.

Buďte prví. Ľudia vás budú nasledovať.

Be bold. Stand up. Be fearless. Be confident.

Buďte odvážni. Postavte sa. Nebojte sa. Verte si.

Move out, because as you change your world,

Postavte sa, pretože keď zmeníte svoj svet,

as you change your community,

keď zmeníte svoju komunitu,

as we believe that we are impacting one girl, one family,

potom tak ako my veríme, že ovplyvňujeme jedno dievča, jednu rodinu,

one village, one country at a time.

jednu dedinu, a napokon jednu krajinu, krok za krokom.

We are making a difference, so if you change your world,

Najprv zmeníte svoj svet,

you are going to change your community,

potom zmeníte svoju komunitu,

you are going to change your country,

a potom zmeníte svoju krajinu.

and think about that. If you do that, and I do that,

A ak to urobíte, tak ako to robím ja,

aren't we going to create a better future for our children,

nevytvoríme tak krajšiu budúcnosť pre naše deti,

for your children, for our grandchildren?

pre vaše deti, pre naše vnúčatá?

And we will live in a very peaceful world. Thank you very much.

A budeme žiť vo svete v mieri. Ďakujem veľmi pekne.

(Applause)

(Potlesk)