David Bismark: E-voting without fraud

Prevodilac: Sandra Gojic Lektor: Ivana Korom

So there are a few things

Postoji nekoliko stvari

that bring us humans together in the way that an election does.

koje spajaju ljude na način na koji to čine izbori.

We stand in elections; we vote in elections;

Podržavamo kandidate, glasamo na izborima,

we observe elections.

posmatramo izbore.

Our democracies rely on elections.

Naša demokratija zavisi od izbora.

We all understand why we have elections,

Svi razumemo zašto imamo izbore

and we all leave the house on the same day

i svi na isti dan napuštamo domove i

to go and vote.

idemo da glasamo.

We cherish the opportunity to have our say,

Cenimo mogućnost da kažemo,

to help decide the future of the country.

da odlučimo budućnost naše države.

The fundamental idea is that politicians

Osnovna ideja je da je političarima

are given mandate to speak for us,

dat mandat da govore umesto nas,

to make decisions on our behalf

da umesto nas donose odluke

that affect us all.

koje utiču na sve nas.

Without that mandate, they would be corrupt.

Bez tog mandata, bili bi korumpirani.

Well unfortunately, power corrupts,

Pa, nažalost, moć dovodi do toga,

and so people will do lots of things

pa će ljudi uraditi mnogo toga

to get power and to stay in power,

da dođu do moći i da je zadrže,

including doing bad things to elections.

uključujući i štetne stvari za izbore.

You see, even if the idea

Vidite, čak i da je ideja

of the election is perfect,

izbora savršena,

running a countrywide election is a big project,

voditi nacionalne izbore je veliki projekat,

and big projects are messy.

a veliki projekti su neuredni.

Whenever there is an election,

Kad god su izbori,

it seems like something always goes wrong,

čini se kao da uvek nešto ide kako ne treba,

someone tries to cheat,

neko pokušava da vara,

or something goes accidentally awry --

ili nešto slučajno krene naopako -

a ballot box goes missing here,

ovde nestanu glasačke kutije,

chads are left hanging over here.

tamo glasački listići.

To make sure as few things as possible go wrong,

Kako bi osigurali da što manje stvari krene po zlu,

we have all these procedures around the election.

imamo sve te procedure u vezi sa izborima.

So for example, you come to the polling station,

Na primer, dođete do biračkog mesta,

and a poll station worker asks for your ID

i radnik na biračkom mestu vas pita za ličnu kartu

before giving you a ballot form

pre nego što vam da glasački list

and asking you to go into a voting booth

i pita vas da odete u glasačku kabinu

to fill out your vote.

da date svoj glas.

When you come back out, you get to drop your vote

Kada izađete, morate ubaciti listić

into the ballot box

u glasačku kutiju

where it mixes with all the other votes,

gde se meša sa svim ostalim glasovima,

so that no one knows how you voted.

kako niko ne bi znao kako ste glasali.

Well, what I want us to think about for a moment

Pa, ono o čemu bih voleo da nakratko razmislite

is what happens after that,

jeste šta se dešava posle,

after you drop your vote into the ballot box.

nakon što ubacite listić u glasačku kutiju.

And most people would go home

Većina ljudi bi otišla kući

and feel sure that their vote has been counted,

i bila sigurna da je i njihov listić prebrojan,

because they trust

jer veruju

that the election system works.

da je sistem izbora uspešan.

They trust that election workers and election observers

Veruju u to da birački odbor i posmatrači izbora

do their jobs and do their jobs correctly.

obavljaju svoj posao i da to čine ispravno.

The ballot boxes go to counting places.

Glasačke kutije odlaze na mesto za prebrojavanje.

They're unsealed and the votes are poured out

Tamo se otpečate, glasovi se prospu

and laboriously counted.

i onda se vredno prebrojavaju.

Most of us have to trust

Većina nas mora da veruje

that that happens correctly for our own vote,

da se to radi na ispravan način za naš glas,

and we all have to trust that that happens correctly

a svi moramo da verujemo da se to radi ispravno

for all the votes in the election.

za sve glasove na izborima.

So we have to trust a lot of people.

Znači moramo verovati mnogim ljudima.

We have to trust a lot of procedures.

Moramo verovati mnogim procedurama.

And sometimes we even have to trust computers.

I ponekad moramo verovati čak i kompjuterima.

So imagine hundreds of millions of voters

Zamislite stotine miliona glasača

casting hundreds of millions of votes,

kako daju stotine miliona glasova,

all to be counted correctly

da se ispravno izbroje

and all the things that can possibly go wrong

i sve stvari koje eventulano mogu poći naopako

causing all these bad headlines,

izazivaju sve te loše vesti.

and you cannot help but feel exhausted at the idea

I nemoguće je ne osećati se iscrpljeno povodom ideje

of trying to make elections better.

da pokušate izbore napraviti boljim.

Well in the face of all these bad headlines,

U inat svim ovim lošim vestima,

researchers have taken a step back

istraživači su se vratili korak u nazad

and thought about how we can do elections differently.

i mislili o tome kako izbori mogu drugačije da se održe.

They've zoomed out and looked at the big picture.

Udaljili su se i uzeli u obzir čitavu sliku.

And the big picture is this:

A ta slika je ovo:

elections should be verifiable.

izbori treba da budu proverljivi.

Voters should be able to check

Glasači bi trebalo da imaju mogućnost da provere

that their votes are counted correctly,

da li su njihovi glasovi tačno izbrojani,

without breaking election secrecy,

bez da se naruši tajnost izbora,

which is so very important.

što je mnogo važno.

And that's the tough part.

I to je težak deo.

How do we make an election system completely verifiable

Kako da napravimo sistem izbora koji se može proveriti,

while keeping the votes

a da glasovi i dalje budu

absolutely secret?

potpuno tajni?

Well, the way we've come up with

Sistem kojeg smo se mi dosetili

uses computers

koristi kompjutere,

but doesn't depend on them.

ali ne zavisi od njih.

And the secret is the ballot form.

A tajna je u glasačkom listiću.

And if you look closely at these ballot forms,

Ako pažljivo pogledate ove listiće,

you'll notice that the candidate list

primetićete da je redosled kandidata

is in a different order on each one.

drugačiji na svakom listiću.

And that means, if you mark your choices on one of them

U suštini, ako obeležite svoj glas na jednom od njih

and then remove the candidate list,

i onda uklonite listu,

I won't be able to tell from the bit remaining

neću biti u stanju da na osnovu preostalog

what your vote is for.

kažem za koga ste glasali.

And on each ballot form there is this encrypted value

Na svakom listiću postoji ova šifrovana vrednost

in the form of this 2D barcode

u obliku ovog 2D barkoda

on the right.

sa desne strane.

And there's some complicated cryptography

I tu se dešava neka komplikovana kriptografija,

going on in there,

ali ono što

but what's not complicated

nije složeno jeste

is voting with one of these forms.

glasanje sa jednim takvim listićem.

So we can let computers do all the complicated cryptography for us,

Dakle, možemo pustiti kompjutere da urade tu složenu kriptografiju za nas,

and then we'll use the paper for verification.

a mi da uzmemo papir za potvrdu.

So this is how you vote.

Ovako izgleda glasanje.

You get one of these ballot forms at random,

Nasumičnim izborom dobijete jedan od ovih listića,

and then you go into the voting booth,

odete u glasačku kabinu,

and you mark your choices,

obeležite svoje izbore,

and you tear along a perforation.

i pocepate duž perforacije.

And you shred the candidate list.

I uništite listu kandidata.

And the bit that remains, the one with your marks --

I ono što ostane, ono sa vašim glasovima,

this is your encrypted vote.

to je vaš šifrovani glas.

So you let a poll station worker

Nakon toga date radniku na izborima

scan your encrypted vote.

da skenira vaš šifrovan glas.

And because it's encrypted,

I zbog toga što je šifrovan,

it can be submitted, stored

može da se upiše, sačuva

and counted centrally

i računa,

and displayed on a website

i da se prikaže na sajtu

for anyone to see, including you.

da svako može da vidi, pa i vi.

So you take this encrypted vote

Tako da i nosite taj šifrovan glas

home as your receipt.

kući kao vašu priznanicu.

And after the close of the election,

I nakon zatvaranja glasačkih mesta,

you can check that your vote was counted

možete proveriti da li su brojali vaše glasove

by comparing your receipt

poredeći vašu potvrdu

to the vote on the website.

sa glasovima na sajtu.

And remember, the vote is encrypted

I zapamtite, glas je šifrovan

from the moment you leave the voting booth,

od trenutka kada napustite glasačko mesto,

so if an election official wants to find out how you voted,

tako da i u slučaju da zvaničnici izbora žele da saznaju kako ste glasali,

they will not be able to.

neće to moći.

If the government wants to find out how you voted,

Ako vlada želi da sazna kako ste glasali,

they won't be able to.

neće to moći.

No hacker can break in

Ni jedan haker ne može da

and find out how you voted.

provali i sazna kako ste glasali.

No hacker can break in and change your vote,

Ni jedan haker ne može da provali i promeni vaš glas,

because then it won't match your receipt.

jer se onda neće slagati sa vašom priznanicom.

Votes can't go missing

Glasovi ne mogu da nestanu,

because then you won't find yours when you look for it.

jer onda nećete naći svoj glas kada ga budete tražili.

But the election magic doesn't stop there.

Ali magija izbora se ovde ne završava.

Instead, we want to make the whole process

Mi želimo da čitav proces napravimo tako

so transparent

transparentnim

that news media and international observers

da novinari i međunarodni posmatrači

and anyone who wants to

ili svako ko to želi,

can download all the election data

može da preuzme podatke sa izbora

and do the count themselves.

i sam prebroji glasove.

They can check that all the votes were counted correctly.

Mogu proveriti da li su svi glasovi ispravno prebrojani.

They can check

Mogu proveriti

that the announced result of the election

da li je objavljeni rezultat izbora

is the correct one.

ispravan.

And these are elections

Ovo su izbori od

by the people, for the people.

naroda, za narod, tako

So the next step for our democracies

da je sledeći korak u našoj demokratiji

are transparent

transparentni

and verifiable elections.

i proverljivi izbori.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(aplauz)