David Bismark: E-voting without fraud

69,833 views ・ 2010-11-02

TED


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Translator: Klavdija Cernilogar Reviewer: Tilen Pigac - EFZG
00:16
So there are a few things
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Ne obstaja veliko stvari,
00:18
that bring us humans together in the way that an election does.
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ki ljudi pripeljejo skupaj na način, na kakršnega to naredijo volitve.
00:21
We stand in elections; we vote in elections;
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Na volitvah kandidiramo, glasujemo,
00:24
we observe elections.
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jih opazujemo.
00:26
Our democracies rely on elections.
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Naše demokracije temeljijo na volitvah.
00:29
We all understand why we have elections,
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Vsi razumemo, zakaj imamo volitve,
00:32
and we all leave the house on the same day
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in vsi gremo na isti dan iz hiše
00:34
to go and vote.
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na volišče.
00:36
We cherish the opportunity to have our say,
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Spoštujemo priložnost oddati svoj glas
00:39
to help decide the future of the country.
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in soodločati o prihodnosti svoje države.
00:44
The fundamental idea is that politicians
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Temeljna ideja je, da politiki
00:46
are given mandate to speak for us,
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dobijo mandat, da govorijo v našem imenu,
00:49
to make decisions on our behalf
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in tako sprejemajo odločitve,
00:51
that affect us all.
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ki vplivajo na vse nas.
00:53
Without that mandate, they would be corrupt.
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Brez tega mandata bi bili korumpirani.
00:56
Well unfortunately, power corrupts,
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Na žalost moč ljudi kvari
00:58
and so people will do lots of things
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in ti počnejo marsikaj,
01:01
to get power and to stay in power,
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da bi prišli na oblast in tam ostali,
01:04
including doing bad things to elections.
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vključno s povzročanjem škode na volitvah.
01:08
You see, even if the idea
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Veste, tudi če je zamisel
01:10
of the election is perfect,
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volitev popolna,
01:12
running a countrywide election is a big project,
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je izvedba nacionalnih volitev velik projekt,
01:15
and big projects are messy.
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veliki projekti pa so kaotični.
01:18
Whenever there is an election,
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Kadarkoli potekajo volitve,
01:20
it seems like something always goes wrong,
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se zdi, da gre nekaj narobe;
01:22
someone tries to cheat,
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nekdo skuša goljufati
01:24
or something goes accidentally awry --
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ali pa se kaj ponesreči --
01:27
a ballot box goes missing here,
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tu izgine volilna skrinjica,
01:30
chads are left hanging over here.
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tam ostane kup odrezkov.
01:33
To make sure as few things as possible go wrong,
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Da bi zagotovili čim manjše število napak,
01:37
we have all these procedures around the election.
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so volitve povezane z mnogimi postopki.
01:40
So for example, you come to the polling station,
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Na primer: pridete na volišče,
01:43
and a poll station worker asks for your ID
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član volilne komisije zahteva vaš osebni dokument,
01:46
before giving you a ballot form
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preden vam izroči glasovnico
01:48
and asking you to go into a voting booth
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ter vas napoti v kabino,
01:50
to fill out your vote.
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kjer jo boste izpolnili.
01:52
When you come back out, you get to drop your vote
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Ko se vrnete, oddate svoj glas
01:54
into the ballot box
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v volilno skrinjico,
01:56
where it mixes with all the other votes,
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kjer se pomeša med druge glasove,
01:58
so that no one knows how you voted.
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tako da nihče ne ve, kako ste glasovali.
02:01
Well, what I want us to think about for a moment
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Pomislite za trenutek na to,
02:03
is what happens after that,
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kaj se zgodi po tem
02:05
after you drop your vote into the ballot box.
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ko ste svoj glas oddali v volilno skrinjico.
02:07
And most people would go home
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Večina ljudi bo šla domov
02:09
and feel sure that their vote has been counted,
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prepričanih, da je bil njihov glas med preštetimi,
02:11
because they trust
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saj zaupajo,
02:13
that the election system works.
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da volilni sistem deluje.
02:15
They trust that election workers and election observers
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Verjamejo, da uslužbenci volilnih komisij in opazovalci volitev
02:18
do their jobs and do their jobs correctly.
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opravijo svoje delo, in to korektno.
02:22
The ballot boxes go to counting places.
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Volilne skrinjice odnesejo v prostore za štetje.
02:25
They're unsealed and the votes are poured out
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Tam jih odpečatijo in stresejo ven glasovnice
02:28
and laboriously counted.
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ter jih natančno preštejejo.
02:31
Most of us have to trust
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Večina med nami mora zaupati,
02:33
that that happens correctly for our own vote,
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da se to zgodi pravilno za naš glas,
02:35
and we all have to trust that that happens correctly
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in vsi moramo zaupati, da se to zgodi pravilno
02:38
for all the votes in the election.
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za vse glasove, oddane na volitvah.
02:41
So we have to trust a lot of people.
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Zaupati moramo torej veliko ljudem.
02:45
We have to trust a lot of procedures.
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Zaupati moramo številnim postopkom.
02:49
And sometimes we even have to trust computers.
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In včasih moramo zaupati celo računalnikom.
02:54
So imagine hundreds of millions of voters
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Zamislite si na stotine milijonov volivcev,
02:56
casting hundreds of millions of votes,
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ki oddajo na stotine milijonov glasov,
02:58
all to be counted correctly
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ki jih je vse treba pravilno prešteti,
03:01
and all the things that can possibly go wrong
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in vse, kar lahko gre narobe
03:04
causing all these bad headlines,
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in pripelje do takih slabih naslovnic,
03:09
and you cannot help but feel exhausted at the idea
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in nedvomno boste utrujeni od razmišljanja,
03:12
of trying to make elections better.
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kako izboljšati potek volitev.
03:18
Well in the face of all these bad headlines,
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Soočeni z vsemi temi negativnimi naslovi
03:20
researchers have taken a step back
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so raziskovalci stopili korak nazaj
03:23
and thought about how we can do elections differently.
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in razmislili o tem, kako izpeljati volitve drugače.
03:27
They've zoomed out and looked at the big picture.
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Na stvar so pogledali od daleč, celostno.
03:30
And the big picture is this:
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In celostna slika je taka:
03:32
elections should be verifiable.
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volitve bi morale biti preverljive.
03:36
Voters should be able to check
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Volivci bi morali imeti možnost preveriti,
03:39
that their votes are counted correctly,
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ali so bili njihovi glasovi pravilno prešteti,
03:42
without breaking election secrecy,
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ne da bi pri tem prekršili načelo tajnosti volitev,
03:44
which is so very important.
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ki je tako zelo pomembno.
03:47
And that's the tough part.
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In to je zahtevni del vsega.
03:49
How do we make an election system completely verifiable
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Kako naj bo volilni sistem povsem preverljiv,
03:52
while keeping the votes
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če naj ostanejo glasovi
03:54
absolutely secret?
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absolutno tajni?
03:56
Well, the way we've come up with
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No, naš način
03:58
uses computers
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uporablja računalnike,
04:00
but doesn't depend on them.
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ni pa odvisen od njih.
04:02
And the secret is the ballot form.
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Skrivnost je v glasovnici.
04:04
And if you look closely at these ballot forms,
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Če od blizu pogledate te glasovnice,
04:06
you'll notice that the candidate list
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boste videli, da je seznam kandidatov
04:08
is in a different order on each one.
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na vsaki drugačen.
04:10
And that means, if you mark your choices on one of them
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To pomeni, da če svoj glas oddate na eni od njih
04:13
and then remove the candidate list,
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in potem odstranite seznam kandidatov,
04:15
I won't be able to tell from the bit remaining
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od papirja, ki ostane, ne morem ugotoviti,
04:18
what your vote is for.
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komu je namenjen vaš glas.
04:21
And on each ballot form there is this encrypted value
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Na vsaki glasovnici je tudi kodirana vrednost
04:24
in the form of this 2D barcode
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v obliki te 2D črtne kode
04:26
on the right.
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na desni.
04:28
And there's some complicated cryptography
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In tule je udeležena določena
04:30
going on in there,
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zapletena kriptografija,
04:32
but what's not complicated
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tisto kar pa ni zapleteno,
04:34
is voting with one of these forms.
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je glasovanje na teh obrazcih.
04:37
So we can let computers do all the complicated cryptography for us,
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Tako pustimo računalnikom, da opravijo z zapleteno kriptografijo,
04:40
and then we'll use the paper for verification.
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mi pa uporabimo papir za preverjanje.
04:44
So this is how you vote.
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Glasujete torej tako.
04:46
You get one of these ballot forms at random,
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Dobite naključen obrazec,
04:50
and then you go into the voting booth,
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greste v volilno kabino
04:52
and you mark your choices,
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in označite svoj izbor,
04:54
and you tear along a perforation.
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potem pa listič pretrgate po perforaciji.
04:59
And you shred the candidate list.
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Seznam kandidatov uničite.
05:02
And the bit that remains, the one with your marks --
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Tisto, kar ostane, ta del z vašim izborom,
05:05
this is your encrypted vote.
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to je vaš kodiran glas.
05:07
So you let a poll station worker
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Sodelavec volilne komisije na volišču
05:09
scan your encrypted vote.
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skenira vaš kodiran glas.
05:11
And because it's encrypted,
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In ker je kodiran,
05:13
it can be submitted, stored
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ga je mogoče oddati, shraniti
05:15
and counted centrally
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in prešteti na centraliziran način
05:18
and displayed on a website
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ter ga objaviti na spletni strani
05:20
for anyone to see, including you.
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na ogled vsem, tudi vam.
05:23
So you take this encrypted vote
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Tole kodirano glasovnico
05:26
home as your receipt.
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odnesete domov kot potrdilo.
05:28
And after the close of the election,
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Po zaključku volitev
05:30
you can check that your vote was counted
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pa lahko preverite, ali so vaš glas prešteli,
05:32
by comparing your receipt
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tako da svoje potrdilo primerjate
05:35
to the vote on the website.
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z glasom na spletni strani.
05:39
And remember, the vote is encrypted
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Ne pozabite, glas je kodiran
05:41
from the moment you leave the voting booth,
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od trenutka, ko zapustite volilno kabino,
05:44
so if an election official wants to find out how you voted,
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tako da če volilni uradnik želi ugotoviti, kako ste volili,
05:47
they will not be able to.
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ne more.
05:49
If the government wants to find out how you voted,
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Če vlada želi ugotoviti, kako ste volili,
05:51
they won't be able to.
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ne more.
05:54
No hacker can break in
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Noben heker ne more vlomiti
05:56
and find out how you voted.
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in ugotoviti, kako ste volili.
05:58
No hacker can break in and change your vote,
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Noben heker ne more vlomiti in spremeniti vašega glasu,
06:01
because then it won't match your receipt.
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saj se potem ne bo ujemal z vašim potrdilom.
06:04
Votes can't go missing
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Glasovi ne morejo izginiti,
06:07
because then you won't find yours when you look for it.
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kajti potem jih ne bi našli, ko bi jih iskali.
06:11
But the election magic doesn't stop there.
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A volilna čarovnija se tu ne konča.
06:14
Instead, we want to make the whole process
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Namesto tega želimo celoten proces
06:16
so transparent
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narediti tako transparenten,
06:18
that news media and international observers
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da lahko novinarji in mednarodni opazovalci
06:21
and anyone who wants to
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ter kdorkoli drug, ki to želi,
06:23
can download all the election data
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pridobijo vse volilne podatke
06:25
and do the count themselves.
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in sam opravi štetje.
06:27
They can check that all the votes were counted correctly.
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Lahko preverijo, ali so bili glasovi pravilno prešteti.
06:30
They can check
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Lahko preverijo,
06:32
that the announced result of the election
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da so objavljeni rezultati volitev
06:34
is the correct one.
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res pravilni.
06:36
And these are elections
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In to so volitve
06:38
by the people, for the people.
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od ljudi za ljudi.
06:40
So the next step for our democracies
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Naslednji korak naših demokracij
06:43
are transparent
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so transparentne
06:45
and verifiable elections.
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in preverljive volitve.
06:47
Thank you.
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Hvala.
06:49
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
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