David Bismark: E-voting without fraud

翻译人员: Yanni Wu 校对人员: Jenny Yang

So there are a few things

世界上没几件事情

that bring us humans together in the way that an election does.

可以象选举那样把人们连接在一起

We stand in elections; we vote in elections;

我们身于选举之中，我们在选举中投票

we observe elections.

我们观察选举

Our democracies rely on elections.

我们的民主倚赖于选举

We all understand why we have elections,

我们都明白我们为什么要选举

and we all leave the house on the same day

我们在同一天，离开屋子

to go and vote.

走出去，投一票

We cherish the opportunity to have our say,

我们珍惜这个让我们发言的机会

to help decide the future of the country.

去帮助决定这个国家的未来

The fundamental idea is that politicians

基本的思想是，政治家们

are given mandate to speak for us,

被委任为我们说话

to make decisions on our behalf

代表我们作出决定

that affect us all.

从而影响我们每一个人

Without that mandate, they would be corrupt.

没有那些委任制度，就会产生腐败

Well unfortunately, power corrupts,

但不幸的是，权力使人腐化

and so people will do lots of things

所以人们会做很多事

to get power and to stay in power,

以获得有权力，并稳固权力

including doing bad things to elections.

包括在选举中动手脚

You see, even if the idea

你看，即使这个

of the election is perfect,

选举的理念是完美的

running a countrywide election is a big project,

进行一个全国性的选举是一项大工程

and big projects are messy.

大工程容易乱

Whenever there is an election,

不管什么时候举行选举

it seems like something always goes wrong,

它好像总会出点岔子

someone tries to cheat,

一些人尝试着去作弊

or something goes accidentally awry --

或者一些事意外地出错了--

a ballot box goes missing here,

这里一个选票箱找不着了

chads are left hanging over here.

争执悬而未决

To make sure as few things as possible go wrong,

为了尽可能保证少的出错

we have all these procedures around the election.

我们在选举过程中设置了一系列程序

So for example, you come to the polling station,

所以比方说，你来到投票站

and a poll station worker asks for your ID

投票站工作人员问你要身份证号码

before giving you a ballot form

在给你选票单之前

and asking you to go into a voting booth

然后工作人员让你进投票亭

to fill out your vote.

填写你的投票

When you come back out, you get to drop your vote

当你出来的时候，你需要把选票

into the ballot box

投进选票箱

where it mixes with all the other votes,

在哪里和所有选票混在一起

so that no one knows how you voted.

所以没有人知道你如何投票

Well, what I want us to think about for a moment

嗯，我想让大家思考片刻的是

is what happens after that,

在那之后会发生什么

after you drop your vote into the ballot box.

在你把选票投进箱子里以后

And most people would go home

大多数人会回家

and feel sure that their vote has been counted,

并且确信自己的选票被记下

because they trust

因为他们信任

that the election system works.

选举的系统运行地万无一失

They trust that election workers and election observers

他们信任选举工作人员和督查人员

do their jobs and do their jobs correctly.

做好了他们的工作并且正确地履行了职责

The ballot boxes go to counting places.

投票箱被送去计票处

They're unsealed and the votes are poured out

他们把信封开启然后选票们被倒出

and laboriously counted.

然后辛苦地计票

Most of us have to trust

我们中的大多数人必须信任

that that happens correctly for our own vote,

我们的投票被正确地对待

and we all have to trust that that happens correctly

并且我们都须要信任所有人的选票

for all the votes in the election.

都被正确的对待了

So we have to trust a lot of people.

所以我们得信任很多人

We have to trust a lot of procedures.

我们须得信任一大推的程序

And sometimes we even have to trust computers.

有时候，我们甚至还得信任电脑

So imagine hundreds of millions of voters

所以想象一下吧，成百上亿的选民

casting hundreds of millions of votes,

投下的是成百上亿的选票

all to be counted correctly

所有的选票都得被计算正确

and all the things that can possibly go wrong

所有这些事情都可能出问题

causing all these bad headlines,

导致那些丑闻

and you cannot help but feel exhausted at the idea

但你却不能做点什么，只有对尽力改善选举

of trying to make elections better.

表示精疲力竭了

Well in the face of all these bad headlines,

好的，在这些丑闻头条新闻的表面之下

researchers have taken a step back

研究者退后一想

and thought about how we can do elections differently.

想怎样才能使我们选举的方式变得不同

They've zoomed out and looked at the big picture.

他们扩大视野从整体来看

And the big picture is this:

整体的情况就是：

elections should be verifiable.

选举应该是可证实的

Voters should be able to check

选民需要有能力去查看

that their votes are counted correctly,

他们的选票被正确的记录了

without breaking election secrecy,

却不影响选举的保密功能

which is so very important.

这是及其重要的

And that's the tough part.

也是最有难度的一部分

How do we make an election system completely verifiable

我们怎样才能让一个选举系统完全地可验证呢？

while keeping the votes

并且保证选票

absolutely secret?

绝对的保密

Well, the way we've come up with

好的，我们的方法就是

uses computers

用计算机

but doesn't depend on them.

但是绝不倚赖于计算机

And the secret is the ballot form.

秘密就在于选票表格

And if you look closely at these ballot forms,

如果你近看那些选票表格

you'll notice that the candidate list

你会发现，候选人名单

is in a different order on each one.

在每份表格上呈现出不同的排列

And that means, if you mark your choices on one of them

这意味着，如果你在一张表格上标记一个选项

and then remove the candidate list,

然后去掉候选人名单排列

I won't be able to tell from the bit remaining

我就不能从剩下的部分中得知

what your vote is for.

你选的是谁

And on each ballot form there is this encrypted value

在每一份选举表格中还有加密值

in the form of this 2D barcode

就在表格右边的

on the right.

二维码中

And there's some complicated cryptography

那里有很复杂的密码系统

going on in there,

在其中

but what's not complicated

但你使用其中一张去投票

is voting with one of these forms.

却并不复杂

So we can let computers do all the complicated cryptography for us,

所以我们可以让计算机为我们做所有复杂的加密过程

and then we'll use the paper for verification.

然后我们使用这些纸质表进行核对

So this is how you vote.

好了，这就是你怎样投票：

You get one of these ballot forms at random,

你随机从投票表格中拿出一张

and then you go into the voting booth,

然后你进入投票亭

and you mark your choices,

你标记你的选项

and you tear along a perforation.

沿着打孔边沿撕开

And you shred the candidate list.

用粉碎机粉碎候选人列表

And the bit that remains, the one with your marks --

剩下的那一块，有你标记的那个

this is your encrypted vote.

就是你加密过的选票

So you let a poll station worker

所以你让选举站工作人员

scan your encrypted vote.

扫描你的加密选票

And because it's encrypted,

因为它是加密的

it can be submitted, stored

它可以被提交，保存

and counted centrally

然后被集中计算

and displayed on a website

在网络上公布

for anyone to see, including you.

任何人都可以看到，包括你

So you take this encrypted vote

所以你可以带着你的加密选票回家

home as your receipt.

就像一个回执一样

And after the close of the election,

在选举关闭后

you can check that your vote was counted

你可以用你的回执

by comparing your receipt

对照网上的选票

to the vote on the website.

来检查你的选票是否被记录了

And remember, the vote is encrypted

记得吗？选票是加密过的

from the moment you leave the voting booth,

就在你离开投票亭的那一刻

so if an election official wants to find out how you voted,

所以如果，实际上，选举官方人员想看你投给谁

they will not be able to.

他们也没有那个能力了

If the government wants to find out how you voted,

如果政府想看你投给谁

they won't be able to.

他们也没有那个能力了

No hacker can break in

没有黑客可以侵入

and find out how you voted.

去看你投给谁

No hacker can break in and change your vote,

没有黑客可以侵入去篡改你的投票

because then it won't match your receipt.

因为那样就和你的回执不符合了

Votes can't go missing

选票不会丢失

because then you won't find yours when you look for it.

因为你去查的时候会注意到你的选票不见了

But the election magic doesn't stop there.

但，选举的魔力不会因此消失

Instead, we want to make the whole process

取而代之的是，我们让整个过程

so transparent

如此透明化

that news media and international observers

新闻媒体和国际观察者们

and anyone who wants to

任何人只要他想

can download all the election data

就可以下载整个选举数据

and do the count themselves.

然后自己计算

They can check that all the votes were counted correctly.

他们可以检查每个投票都被正确的记录了

They can check

他们可以检查

that the announced result of the election

选举的结果

is the correct one.

是不是正确的

And these are elections

这就是选举

by the people, for the people.

依赖人民，服务于人民

So the next step for our democracies

所以我们民主的下一步就是

are transparent

透明化

and verifiable elections.

可验证的选举

Thank you.

谢谢

(Applause)

（掌声）