David Bismark: E-voting without fraud

Prevoditelj: Davorin Jelačić Recezent: Tilen Pigac - EFZG

So there are a few things

Nema puno stvari

that bring us humans together in the way that an election does.

koje nas ljude toliko povezuju kao izbori.

We stand in elections; we vote in elections;

Nudimo se na izborima, glasamo na izborima,

we observe elections.

promatramo izbore.

Our democracies rely on elections.

Naše demokracije počivaju na izborima.

We all understand why we have elections,

Svi razumijemo zašto imamo izbore,

and we all leave the house on the same day

i svi odlazimo iz kuća na isti dan

to go and vote.

i idemo glasati.

We cherish the opportunity to have our say,

Cijenimo mogućnost da kažemo što mislimo,

to help decide the future of the country.

da pomognemo odlučiti budućnost naše zemlje.

The fundamental idea is that politicians

Fundamentalna ideja je ta da političari

are given mandate to speak for us,

dobivaju mandat da govore u naše ime,

to make decisions on our behalf

da za naš račun donose odluke

that affect us all.

koje će utjecati na sve nas.

Without that mandate, they would be corrupt.

Bez tog mandata, bili bi korumpirani.

Well unfortunately, power corrupts,

No, nažalost, moć kvari,

and so people will do lots of things

i stoga će ljudi činiti raznorazne stvari

to get power and to stay in power,

da dobiju moć i zadrže moć,

including doing bad things to elections.

uključujući i loše stvari na izborima.

You see, even if the idea

Vidite, čak i ako je ideja

of the election is perfect,

izbora savršena,

running a countrywide election is a big project,

održati nacionalne izbore je velik projekt,

and big projects are messy.

a veliki projekti su neuredni.

Whenever there is an election,

Gdje god se održavaju izbori,

it seems like something always goes wrong,

čini se da nešto uvijek pođe po krivu,

someone tries to cheat,

netko proba varati,

or something goes accidentally awry --

ili nešto slučajno skrene ustranu --

a ballot box goes missing here,

glasačka kutija nestane ondje,

chads are left hanging over here.

listići su ostali ovdje.

To make sure as few things as possible go wrong,

Kako bismo osigurali da što manje stvari krene po krivu,

we have all these procedures around the election.

donijeli smo sve te procedure u vezi izbora.

So for example, you come to the polling station,

Na primjer, dolazite na glasačko mjesto,

and a poll station worker asks for your ID

i djelatnik tamo vas traži osobnu iskaznicu

before giving you a ballot form

prije nego što vam da glasački listić

and asking you to go into a voting booth

i traži da odete u glasačku kabinu

to fill out your vote.

gdje ćete ispuniti listić.

When you come back out, you get to drop your vote

Kad iziđete, ubacujete svoj glas

into the ballot box

u glasačku kutiju

where it mixes with all the other votes,

gdje se on miješa s ostalim glasovima,

so that no one knows how you voted.

tako da nitko ne zna kako ste vi glasali.

Well, what I want us to think about for a moment

Ono o čemu želim da na trenutak razmislimo

is what happens after that,

je što se događa nakon toga,

after you drop your vote into the ballot box.

nakon što ubacite listić u glasačku kutiju.

And most people would go home

Većina ljudi bi otišla kući

and feel sure that their vote has been counted,

i bila sigurna da je njihov glas zbrojen,

because they trust

jer vjeruju

that the election system works.

da izborni sustav funkcionira.

They trust that election workers and election observers

Oni vjeruju da izborni djelatnici i promatrači

do their jobs and do their jobs correctly.

rade svoj posao i da ga rade pravilno.

The ballot boxes go to counting places.

Glasačke kutije odlaze na mjesta za prebrojavanje glasova.

They're unsealed and the votes are poured out

Ondje se otpečate i listići se istresu

and laboriously counted.

i naporno broje.

Most of us have to trust

Većina nas mora vjerovati

that that happens correctly for our own vote,

da se ovo odvija pravilno kad je naš glas u pitanju,

and we all have to trust that that happens correctly

i svi moramo vjerovati da se sve odvija pravilno

for all the votes in the election.

kad su svi glasovi na izborima u pitanju.

So we have to trust a lot of people.

Znači, moramo vjerovati velikom broju ljudi.

We have to trust a lot of procedures.

Moramo vjerovati velikom broju procedura.

And sometimes we even have to trust computers.

A ponekad čak moramo vjerovati i računalima.

So imagine hundreds of millions of voters

Pa zamislite stotine milijuna glasača

casting hundreds of millions of votes,

kako ubacuju stotine milijuna glasova,

all to be counted correctly

koje sve treba točno izbrojiti

and all the things that can possibly go wrong

i zamislite sve što može poći krivo

causing all these bad headlines,

i prouzročiti sve one loše naslove u novinama.

and you cannot help but feel exhausted at the idea

I ne možete a da se ne iscrpite razmišljajući o ideji

of trying to make elections better.

kako poboljšati izbore.

Well in the face of all these bad headlines,

Suočeni sa svim tim lošim naslovima,

researchers have taken a step back

istraživači su napravili korak unatrag

and thought about how we can do elections differently.

i razmislili o tome kako izbore provesti drugačije.

They've zoomed out and looked at the big picture.

Udaljili su se i pogledali makro aspekt.

And the big picture is this:

A makro aspekt je sljedeći:

elections should be verifiable.

izbori bi morali biti provjerljivi.

Voters should be able to check

Glasači bi morali biti u mogućnosti provjeriti

that their votes are counted correctly,

da su njihovi glasovi točno izbrojani,

without breaking election secrecy,

bez narušavanja tajnosti glasovanja,

which is so very important.

koje je toliko važno.

And that's the tough part.

I to je težak dio.

How do we make an election system completely verifiable

Kako izborni sustav učiniti potpuno provjerljivim,

while keeping the votes

a pritom očuvati glasove

absolutely secret?

apsolutno tajnim?

Well, the way we've come up with

Pa, način do kojeg smo mi došli

uses computers

koristi računala,

but doesn't depend on them.

ali ne ovisi o njima.

And the secret is the ballot form.

A tajna je u glasačkom listiću.

And if you look closely at these ballot forms,

Ako pažljivo pogledate ove glasačke listiće,

you'll notice that the candidate list

primijetit ćete da su kandidati na svakom listiću

is in a different order on each one.

navedeni različitim redoslijedom.

And that means, if you mark your choices on one of them

To znači da, ako označite svoj izbor na jednom od njih

and then remove the candidate list,

i tada uklonite popis kandidata,

I won't be able to tell from the bit remaining

od onoga što je ostalo ja ne mogu znati

what your vote is for.

za koga ste glasali.

And on each ballot form there is this encrypted value

A na svakom listiću postoji enkriptirana vrijednost

in the form of this 2D barcode

u obliku ovog dvodimenzionalnog bar koda

on the right.

s desne strane.

And there's some complicated cryptography

Komplicirana kriptografija

going on in there,

je ovdje na djelu,

but what's not complicated

ali ono što nije komplicirano

is voting with one of these forms.

je samo glasanje pomoću ovih listića.

So we can let computers do all the complicated cryptography for us,

Pa možemo računalima ostaviti da obave svu kompliciranu kriptografiju,

and then we'll use the paper for verification.

a mi ćemo potom koristiti papir za provjeru.

So this is how you vote.

Evo kako glasanje izgleda.

You get one of these ballot forms at random,

Uzmete nasumice jedan od ovih listića,

and then you go into the voting booth,

i ulazite u glasačku kabinu,

and you mark your choices,

označite svoj izbor,

and you tear along a perforation.

i otkinete po perforaciji.

And you shred the candidate list.

Zatim popis kandidata ide u sjeckalicu.

And the bit that remains, the one with your marks --

Dio koji je ostao, dio s vašim oznakama,

this is your encrypted vote.

je vaš šifrirani glas.

So you let a poll station worker

Djelatnik na glasačkom mjestu

scan your encrypted vote.

skenira vaš enkriptirani glas.

And because it's encrypted,

I budući da je enkriptiran,

it can be submitted, stored

može ga se slati, pohraniti

and counted centrally

i brojiti centralno

and displayed on a website

i prikazati na Internet stranici

for anyone to see, including you.

kako bi ga svi mogli vidjeti, uključujući i vas.

So you take this encrypted vote

Vi zatim taj šifrirani glas

home as your receipt.

ponesete kući kao potvrdu.

And after the close of the election,

Nakon zatvaranja glasačkih mjesta,

you can check that your vote was counted

možete provjeriti da je vaš glas zbrojen

by comparing your receipt

uspoređujući vašu potvrdu

to the vote on the website.

s glasom na Internet stranici.

And remember, the vote is encrypted

I zapamtite, glas je šifriran

from the moment you leave the voting booth,

od trenutka kad ste napustili kabinu,

so if an election official wants to find out how you voted,

pa, ako izborni službenik želi otkriti kako ste glasali,

they will not be able to.

neće to moći.

If the government wants to find out how you voted,

Ako vlada želi doznati kako ste glasali,

they won't be able to.

neće to moći.

No hacker can break in

Nijedan haker ne može upasti

and find out how you voted.

i otkriti kako ste glasali.

No hacker can break in and change your vote,

Nijedan haker ne može upasti i promijeniti vaš glas,

because then it won't match your receipt.

jer on tada neće odgovarati vašoj potvrdi.

Votes can't go missing

Glasovi ne mogu nestati,

because then you won't find yours when you look for it.

jer tada nećete pronaći svoj glas kad ga budete potražili.

But the election magic doesn't stop there.

Ali izborna čarolija ne završava ovdje.

Instead, we want to make the whole process

Umjesto toga, mi cijeli proces želimo učiniti

so transparent

tako transparentnim

that news media and international observers

da mediji koji prenose vijesti i međunarodni promatrači

and anyone who wants to

i svatko drugi tko to želi

can download all the election data

može skinuti s Interneta sve izborne podatke

and do the count themselves.

i prebrojiti ih sâm.

They can check that all the votes were counted correctly.

Oni mogu provjeriti da su svi glasovi točno izbrojani.

They can check

Mogu provjeriti

that the announced result of the election

da li je proglašeni rezultat izbora

is the correct one.

onaj pravi.

And these are elections

I to su izbori

by the people, for the people.

od ljudi, za ljude,

So the next step for our democracies

pa su sljedeći korak za naše demokracije

are transparent

transparentni

and verifiable elections.

i provjerljivi izbori.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)