Why we laugh | Sophie Scott

Prevodilac: Tijana Mihajlović Lektor: Mile Živković

Hi. I'm going to talk to you today about laughter,

Zdravo. Danas ću vam pričati o smehu

and I just want to start by thinking about the first time

i htela bih da počnem tako što ću se vratiti u vreme

I can ever remember noticing laughter.

kad sam prvi put primetila smeh.

This is when I was a little girl. I would've been about six.

To je bilo kad sam bila mala. Imala sam oko šest godina

And I came across my parents doing something unusual,

i slučajno sam videla roditelje kako se neobično ponašaju,

where they were laughing.

kako se smeju.

They were laughing very, very hard.

Zaista su se mnogo smejali.

They were lying on the floor laughing.

Valjali su se po podu od smeha.

They were screaming with laughter.

Vrištali su od smeha.

I did not know what they were laughing at, but I wanted in.

Nisam znala zbog čega se smeju, ali sam želela da im se pridružim.

I wanted to be part of that,

Htela sam da budem deo toga

and I kind of sat around at the edge going, "Hoo hoo!" (Laughter)

i tako sam sela sa strane i počela da vičem: „Hu-hu!” (Smeh)

Now, incidentally, what they were laughing at

Slučajno, smejali su se jednoj pesmi

was a song which people used to sing,

koju su ljudi pevali,

which was based around signs in toilets on trains

a koja je govorila o natpisima u toaletima u vozovima

i o tome šta ste smeli ili niste smeli da radite

telling you what you could and could not do

u toaletu u vozu.

in toilets on trains.

And the thing you have to remember about the English is, of course,

Morate da se setite da mi Englezi, naravno,

we do have an immensely sophisticated sense of humor.

imamo vrlo sofisticiran smisao za humor.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

At the time, though, I didn't understand anything of that.

U to vreme, nisam razumela ništa od toga.

I just cared about the laughter,

Interesovao me je samo smeh

and actually, as a neuroscientist, I've come to care about it again.

i zapravo me, kao neuronaučnika, opet interesuje.

And it is a really weird thing to do.

Smejanje je stvarno čudno.

What I'm going to do now is just play some examples

Ono što ću vam sad pustiti su primeri

of real human beings laughing,

pravih ljudi koji se smeju

and I want you think about the sound people make and how odd that can be,

i želim da razmislite o zvucima koje ljudi proizvode

i koliko to čudno može biti

and in fact how primitive laughter is as a sound.

i, u stvari, koliko je smeh primitivan kao zvuk.

It's much more like an animal call than it is like speech.

Više liči na životinjski zov nego na govor.

So here we've got some laughter for you. The first one is pretty joyful.

Evo malo smeha za vas. Prvi je prilično veseo.

(Audio: Laughing)

(Audio: smeh)

Now this next guy, I need him to breathe.

Ovaj sledeći momak treba da diše.

There's a point in there where I'm just, like,

U jednom trenutku, bila sam u fazonu

you've got to get some air in there, mate,

„moraš malo i da dišeš, druže"

because he just sounds like he's breathing out.

jer zvuči kao da izdiše.

(Audio: Laughing)

(Audio: smeh)

This hasn't been edited; this is him.

Ovo nije izmenjeno; to je njegov smeh.

(Smeh)

(Audio: Laughing) (Laughter)

And finally we have -- this is a human female laughing.

Na kraju imamo jednu ženu koja se smeje.

And laughter can take us to some pretty odd places in terms of making noises.

Smeh nas može odvesti do nekih zaista čudnih mesta u smislu zvukova.

(Audio: Laughing)

(Audio; smeh)

She actually says, "Oh my God, what is that?" in French.

Ona u stvari kaže na francuskom: „O, moje bože, šta je to?"

We're all kind of with her. I have no idea.

Svi smo pomalo uz nju. Nemam pojma.

Now, to understand laughter, you have to look at a part of the body

Kako biste razumeli smeh, morate proučiti delove tela

that psychologists and neuroscientists don't normally spend much time looking at,

koje psiholozi i neurolozi obično ne proučavaju dovoljno,

a to je grudni koš.

which is the ribcage,

and it doesn't seem terribly exciting,

Ne zvuči previše zanimljivo,

ali, zapravo, koristite ga sve vreme.

but actually you're all using your ribcage all the time.

Ono što trenutno činite sa vašim grudnim košem -

What you're all doing at the moment with your ribcage,

a nemojte prestajati s tim - je disanje.

and don't stop doing it, is breathing.

Koristite međurebarne mišiće, mišiće između vaših rebara,

So you use the intercostal muscles, the muscles between your ribs,

da biste udisali i izdisali vazduh iz pluća

to bring air in and out of your lungs

kroz širenje i grčenje grudnog koša

just by expanding and contracting your ribcage,

i ako bih stavila traku oko spoljašnjeg dela vaših grudi,

and if I was to put a strap around the outside of your chest

tzv. disajnu traku i samo posmatrala vaše pokrete,

called a breath belt, and just look at that movement,

videli biste prilično blag sinusoidni pokret.

you see a rather gentle sinusoidal movement, so that's breathing.

To je disanje.

Svi to radite. Nemojte prestati.

You're all doing it. Don't stop.

Čim počnete da govorite,

As soon as you start talking,

počinjete da koristite disanje na potpuno drugačiji način.

you start using your breathing completely differently.

So what I'm doing now is you see something much more like this.

Ono što ja radim sada je nešto što izgleda ovako.

Kad pričate, koristite veoma fine pokrete grudnog koša

In talking, you use very fine movements of the ribcage

da biste izbacili vazduh van.

to squeeze the air out --

and in fact, we're the only animals that can do this.

Mi smo, zapravo, jedine životinje koje to mogu da rade.

It's why we can talk at all.

Zato možemo da pričamo.

Now, both talking and breathing has a mortal enemy,

I pričanje i disanje imaju smrtnog neprijatelja,

and that enemy is laughter,

a taj neprijatelj je smeh

because what happens when you laugh

jer, dok se smejete,

isti ti mišići počinju da se pravilno grče

is those same muscles start to contract very regularly,

and you get this very marked sort of zig-zagging,

i dobijete izraženu vrstu pomeranja u cik-cak,

and that's just squeezing the air out of you.

a to jednostavno istiskuje vazduh iz vas.

It literally is that basic a way of making a sound.

To je bukvalno osnovni način pravljenja zvuka.

You could be stamping on somebody, it's having the same effect.

Mogli biste gaziti po nekome - ima isti efekat.

Jednostavno istišćete vazduh,

You're just squeezing air out,

and each of those contractions -- Ha! -- gives you a sound.

a svaka od ovih kontrakcija - ha! - daje vam zvuk.

Dok se udružene kontrakcije dešavaju, možete dobiti grčeve,

And as the contractions run together, you can get these spasms,

a tada počinju ove - (Šištanje) - stvari da se dešavaju.

and that's when you start getting these -- (Wheezing) -- things happening.

Sjajna sam u ovome. (Smeh)

I'm brilliant at this. (Laughter)

Now, in terms of the science of laughter, there isn't very much,

Vezano za nauku o smehu, nema se mnogo šta reći,

but it does turn out that pretty much everything we think we know

ali ispada da je skoro sve što mislimo da znamo

about laughter is wrong.

o smehu pogrešno.

Tako, uopšte nije neuobičajeno, recimo,

So it's not at all unusual, for example, to hear people to say

da čujemo ljude kako kažu -

humans are the only animals that laugh.

ljudi su jedine životinje koje se smeju.

Nietzsche thought that humans are the only animals that laugh.

Niče je to mislio.

U stvari, nailazite na smeh kod mnogih sisara.

In fact, you find laughter throughout the mammals.

Dobro je opisan i istražen kod primata,

It's been well-described and well-observed in primates,

but you also see it in rats,

ali nailazite na njega i kod pacova,

and wherever you find it --

a gde god da se sretnete sa njim -

humans, primates, rats --

kod ljudi, primata, pacova -

you find it associated with things like tickling.

otkrićete da se vezuje za stvari kao što je golicanje.

That's the same for humans.

To je isto za sve ljude.

You find it associated with play, and all mammals play.

Otkrićete da je vezan za igru, a svi se sisari igraju.

And wherever you find it, it's associated with interactions.

Gde god da naiđete na njega, vezan je za interakcije.

So Robert Provine, who has done a lot of work on this,

Tako, Robert Provajn, koji je dosta radio na ovome,

has pointed out that you are 30 times more likely to laugh

ukazao je na to da su 30 puta veće šanse da ćete se nasmejati

if you are with somebody else than if you're on your own,

ako ste sa nekim, nego kada ste sami,

and where you find most laughter

a mesto gde nailazite na najviše smeha su

is in social interactions like conversation.

društvene interakcije, kao što je razgovor.

So if you ask human beings, "When do you laugh?"

Tako, ako pitate ljudsko biće: „Kada se smejete?”,

they'll talk about comedy and they'll talk about humor and they'll talk about jokes.

pričaće o komediji, humoru i šalama.

If you look at when they laugh, they're laughing with their friends.

Ako pogledate kada se smeju - smeju se kada su sa prijateljima.

And when we laugh with people, we're hardly ever actually laughing at jokes.

Kada se smejemo sa ljudima, jedva da se ponekad smejemo šalama.

You are laughing to show people that you understand them,

Smejete se da biste pokazali ljudima da ih razumete,

that you agree with them, that you're part of the same group as them.

da se slažete sa njima, da ste deo iste grupe kao i oni.

You're laughing to show that you like them.

Smejete se da biste pokazali da vam se sviđaju, a možda ih i volite.

You might even love them.

You're doing all that at the same time as talking to them,

Sve to radite u isto vreme dok razgovarate sa njima,

and the laughter is doing a lot of that emotional work for you.

a smeh odrađuje puno emocionalnog posla za vas.

Something that Robert Provine has pointed out, as you can see here,

Nešto na šta je Robert Provajn ukazao, kao što možete videti ovde

and the reason why we were laughing

i razlog zbog kog smo se smejali

when we heard those funny laughs at the start,

kada smo čuli sav zabavan smeh na početku

and why I was laughing when I found my parents laughing,

i zbog kog sam se ja smejala kada sam naišla na svoje roditelje je

is that it's an enormously behaviorally contagious effect.

da je to u ogromnoj meri bihevioralno zarazan efekat.

You can catch laughter from somebody else,

Možete da se zarazite smehom,

and you are more likely to catch laughter off somebody else if you know them.

a veće su šanse da ćete se zaraziti od nekog ako ga već poznajete.

Dakle, određuje ga društveni kontekst.

So it's still modulated by this social context.

Morate da sklonite humor sa strane

You have to put humor to one side

and think about the social meaning of laughter

i razmišljate o društvenom značenju smeha

zato što je to mesto gde se nalazi njegovo poreklo.

because that's where its origins lie.

Now, something I've got very interested in is different kinds of laughter,

E, sad, ja sam se veoma zainteresovala za različite vrste smejanja,

and we have some neurobiological evidence about how human beings vocalize

a postoje i neurobiološki dokazi o tome kako ljudi vokalizuju

that suggests there might be two kinds of laughs that we have.

koji nagoveštavaju da možda postoje dve vrste smeha koje imamo.

So it seems possible that the neurobiology for helpless, involuntary laughter,

Čini se da neurobiologija bespomoćnog, nevoljnog smeha,

like my parents lying on the floor screaming about a silly song,

kao smeh mojih roditelja koji leže na podu vrišteći zbog blesave pesme,

might have a different basis to it than some of that more polite

može imati drugačiju osnovu od učtivijeg društvenog smeha

social laughter that you encounter, which isn't horrible laughter,

sa kojim se susrećete, koji nije grozan smeh,

but it's behavior somebody is doing as part of their communicative act to you,

već ponašanje nekoga koji ovo radi kao deo komunikacionog čina prema vama,

part of their interaction with you; they are choosing to do this.

deo njihove interakcije sa vama; oni biraju da ovo urade.

In our evolution, we have developed two different ways of vocalizing.

U našoj evoluciji, razvili smo dve različite vrste vokalizacije.

Involuntary vocalizations are part of an older system

Nevoljne vokalizacije su deo starijeg sistema

than the more voluntary vocalizations like the speech I'm doing now.

u odnosu na dobrovoljne vokalizacije kao što je govor koji sada držim.

So we might imagine that laughter might actually have two different roots.

Možemo zamisliti da smeh zapravo može imati dva različita korena.

So I've been looking at this in more detail.

Proučavala sam to detaljnije.

Da bih to učinila, morali smo da usnimimo ljude koji se smeju,

To do this, we've had to make recordings of people laughing,

and we've had to do whatever it takes to make people laugh,

a morali smo da radimo štagod je potrebno da bismo nasmejali ljude

and we got those same people to produce more posed, social laughter.

i uspelo nam je da ti isti ljudi proizvedu veštački, društveni smeh.

So imagine your friend told a joke,

Zamislite da vam je prijatelj ispričao vic,

and you're laughing because you like your friend,

a vi se smejete jer volite prijatelja, a ne i zaista zbog vica.

but not really because the joke's all that.

So I'm going to play you a couple of those.

Pustiću vam par ovih.

Želim da mi kažete da li je smeh pravi

I want you to tell me if you think this laughter is real laughter,

ili mislite da je veštački.

or if you think it's posed.

So is this involuntary laughter or more voluntary laughter?

Dakle, da li je ovo nevoljan ili dobrovoljan smeh?

(Audio: Laughing)

(Snimak: Smeh)

What does that sound like to you?

Kako vam zvuči?

Audience: Posed. Sophie Scott: Posed? Posed.

Publika: Veštački. Sofi Skot: Veštački? Veštački.

How about this one?

A ovaj?

(Audio: Laughing)

(Snimak: Smeh)

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I'm the best.

Najbolja sam.

(Smeh) (Aplauz)

(Laughter) (Applause)

Not really.

Ne stvarno.

No, that was helpless laughter,

To je bio bespomoćan smeh.

and in fact, to record that, all they had to do was record me

U stvari, da bi to usnimili, sve što je trebalo da urade je da me usnime

watching one of my friends listening to something I knew she wanted to laugh at,

kako posmatram prijateljicu dok sluša nešto za šta znam da je može nasmejati

and I just started doing this.

i reagovala sam ovako.

What you find is that people are good at telling the difference

Otkrivate da su ljudi dobri u pravljenju razlike

between real and posed laughter.

između pravog i veštačkog smeha.

Čini se da su to dve različite stvari za nas.

They seem to be different things to us.

Interestingly, you see something quite similar with chimpanzees.

Zanimljivo, vidite nešto slično kod šimpanzi.

Šimpanze se smeju drugačije ako ih golicate

Chimpanzees laugh differently if they're being tickled

nego kada se međusobno igraju,

than if they're playing with each other,

a može biti da vidimo nešto slično tome ovde -

and we might be seeing something like that here,

nevoljni smeh, smeh zbog golicanja, drugačiji od društvenog smeha.

involuntary laughter, tickling laughter, being different from social laughter.

Akustično su veoma različiti.

They're acoustically very different.

Pravi smeh je duži. Ton je viši.

The real laughs are longer. They're higher in pitch.

Kada počnete jako da se smejete,

When you start laughing hard,

počnete da istišćete vazduh iz pluća

you start squeezing air out from your lungs

pod mnogo većim pritiskom od onog

under much higher pressures than you could ever produce voluntarily.

koji biste ikada mogli proizvesti dobrovoljno.

For example, I could never pitch my voice that high to sing.

Recimo, nikada ne mogu dostići tako visoke tonove da pevam.

Also, you start to get these sort of contractions and weird whistling sounds,

Takođe, proizvodite kontrakcije i čudne zvižduće tonove,

što znači da je iskreni smeh izuzetno lak,

all of which mean that real laughter is extremely easy,

or feels extremely easy to spot.

ili osećamo da je izuzetno lak za uočavanje.

In contrast, posed laughter, we might think it sounds a bit fake.

Nasuprot tome, za veštački smeh možemo misliti da zvuči malčice lažno.

Actually, it's not, it's actually an important social cue.

U stvari nije; zapravo je vrlo važan društveni znak.

We use it a lot, we're choosing to laugh in a lot of situations,

Puno ga koristimo, biramo da se puno smejemo

u mnogim situacijama

and it seems to be its own thing.

i čini se da je nezavisna pojava.

So, for example, you find nasality in posed laughter,

Na primer, nailazite na nazalnost u veštačkom smehu,

that kind of "ha ha ha ha ha" sound

„ha ha ha ha ha” zvuk,

that you never get, you could not do, if you were laughing involuntarily.

koju nikada ne biste mogli da dobijete ako se smejete nevoljno.

So they do seem to be genuinely these two different sorts of things.

Čini se da su zaista dve različite stvari.

We took it into the scanner to see how brains respond

Odneli smo ga pod skener da bismo videli kako mozak reaguje

when you hear laughter.

kada čujete smeh.

And when you do this, this is a really boring experiment.

Dok ovo radite, to je vrlo dosadan eksperiment.

We just played people real and posed laughs.

Samo smo puštali ljudima pravi i veštački smeh.

We didn't tell them it was a study on laughter.

Nismo im rekli da je to studija o smehu.

We put other sounds in there to distract them,

Stavili smo i druge zvukove da ih zbunimo,

and all they're doing is lying listening to sounds.

a samo su ležali i slušali zvukove.

We don't tell them to do anything.

Nismo im rekli da išta rade.

Nonetheless, when you hear real laughter and when you hear posed laughter,

Bez obzira na to, kada čujete pravi i veštački smeh,

the brains are responding completely differently,

mozak reaguje potpuno drugačije,

significantly differently.

značajno drugačije.

What you see in the regions in blue, which lies in auditory cortex,

Ono što vidite u područjima u plavoj boji,

koja se nalazi u auditivnom korteksu su

are the brain areas that respond more to the real laughs,

područja mozga koja više reaguju na pravi smeh,

and what seems to be the case,

a čini se da je slučaj da,

when you hear somebody laughing involuntarily,

kada čujete nekoga da se nevoljno smeje,

you hear sounds you would never hear in any other context.

čujete zvukove koje nikada ne biste čuli u bilo kom drugom kontekstu.

It's very unambiguous,

and it seems to be associated with greater auditory processing

To je nedvosmisleno

i čini se da je vezano za pojačanu slušnu obradu

of these novel sounds.

novih zvukova.

Suprotno tome, kada čujete nekoga da se veštački smeje,

In contrast, when you hear somebody laughing in a posed way,

what you see are these regions in pink,

vidite da su ovi regioni roze boje,

which are occupying brain areas associated with mentalizing,

a koji zauzimaju područja mozga koja su povezana sa mentalizacijom,

thinking about what somebody else is thinking.

razmišljanjem o tome šta neko drugi misli.

And I think what that means is,

Mislim da to znači da,

even if you're having your brain scanned, which is completely boring

iako vam se mozak skenira, što je apsolutno dosadno

and not very interesting,

i ne posebno interesantno,

when you hear somebody going, "A ha ha ha ha ha,"

kada čujete da neko proizvodi „a ha ha ha”,

you're trying to work out why they're laughing.

pokušavate da shvatite zašto se smeju.

Laughter is always meaningful.

Smeh uvek ima značenje.

You are always trying to understand it in context,

Uvek pokušavate da ga razumete u kontekstu;

even if, as far as you are concerned, at that point in time,

čak i ako, što se vas tiče, u tom trenutku

nije nužno vezan za vas,

it has not necessarily anything to do with you,

i dalje želite da znate zašto se ti ljudi smeju.

you still want to know why those people are laughing.

Imali smo priliku da pogledamo kako ljudi čuju iskreni i veštački smeh

Now, we've had the opportunity to look at how people hear real and posed laughter

po različitim starosnim grupama.

across the age range.

Ono je onlajn eksperiment koji smo sproveli sa „Kraljevskim društvom”

So this is an online experiment we ran with the Royal Society,

and here we just asked people two questions.

i ljudima smo samo postavljali dva pitanja.

First of all, they heard some laughs,

Kao prvo, slušali su smeh

and they had to say, how real or posed do these laughs sound?

i morali da kažu koliko im iskreno ili veštački zvuči.

The real laughs are shown in red and the posed laughs are shown in blue.

Iskreni smeh je prikazan crvenom bojom, a veštački - plavom.

Ovde vidite brzi početak.

What you see is there is a rapid onset.

Sa godinama postajete sve bolji u uočavanju iskrenog smeha.

As you get older, you get better and better at spotting real laughter.

So six-year-olds are at chance, they can't really hear the difference.

Šestogodišnjaci nagađaju i ne mogu zaista čuti razliku.

By the time you are older, you get better,

Kako starimo, postajemo bolji u tome,

but interestingly, you do not hit peak performance in this dataset

ali, zanimljivo, u ovoj grupi podataka ne dostižemo svoj vrhunac

until you are in your late 30s and early 40s.

do kasnih tridesetih i ranih četrdesetih godina.

You don't understand laughter fully by the time you hit puberty.

Ne razumete smeh u potpunosti dok ne stignete do puberteta.

You don't understand laughter fully by the time your brain has matured

Ne razumete smeh u potpunosti dok vaš mozak ne sazri

at the end of your teens.

pri kraju tinejdžerskih godina.

Učite o smehu kroz ceo vaš život kao odrasle osobe.

You're learning about laughter throughout your entire early adult life.

If we turn the question around and now say not, what does the laughter sound like

Ako preformulišemo pitanje i kažemo ne kako smeh zvuči,

in terms of being real or posed, but we say,

u smislu da li je pravi ili veštački, već kažemo

how much does this laughter make you want to laugh,

koliko vas ovaj smeh zasmejava,

koliko je zarazan po vas, vidimo drugačiji profil.

how contagious is this laughter to you, we see a different profile.

Ovde, što ste mlađi,

And here, the younger you are,

the more you want to join in when you hear laughter.

više želite da se pridružite kada čujete smeh.

Remember me laughing with my parents when I had no idea what was going on.

Sećate se mog smeha sa roditeljima iako nisam znala šta se dešava.

You really can see this.

Stvarno možete da vidite ovo.

Now everybody, young and old,

Svi, mladi i stari,

finds the real laughs more contagious than the posed laughs,

nalaze da je pravi smeh zarazniji od veštačkog smeha,

but as you get older, it all becomes less contagious to you.

ali, kako starimo, postaje nam manje zarazan.

Ili postajemo mrzovoljni sa godinama,

Now, either we're all just becoming really grumpy as we get older,

ili može značiti da što više razumete smeh

or it may mean that as you understand laughter better,

and you are getting better at doing that,

i postajete bolji u tome,

you need more than just hearing people laugh to want to laugh.

treba vam više od ljudi koji se smeju

da biste želeli da se smejete.

You need the social stuff there.

Potreban je društveni kontekst.

So we've got a very interesting behavior

Dobili smo vrlo interesantno ponašanje

about which a lot of our lay assumptions are incorrect,

o kom su mnoge naše laičke pretpostavke netačne,

but I'm coming to see that actually there's even more to laughter

ali počinjem da shvatam da je smeh nešto više

than it's an important social emotion we should look at,

od važne društvene emocije koju treba posmatrati

because it turns out people are phenomenally nuanced

jer se ispostavilo da su ljudi jako osetljivi

in terms of how we use laughter.

po pitanju korišćenja smeha.

There's a really lovely set of studies coming out

Postoji sjajna grupa studija koja dolazi

from Robert Levenson's lab in California,

iz laboratorije Roberta Levensona u Kaliforniji,

where he's doing a longitudinal study with couples.

u kojoj sprovodi longitudinalnu studiju sa parovima.

He gets married couples, men and women, into the lab,

Dovodi venčane parove, muškarce i žene, u laboratoriju

and he gives them stressful conversations to have

i daje im da vode stresni razgovor

while he wires them up to a polygraph so he can see them becoming stressed.

dok su povezani za poligraf, pa može da vidi kako postaju uznemireni.

So you've got the two of them in there, and he'll say to the husband,

Znači, imate njih dvoje tamo, a on bi rekao mužu:

"Tell me something that your wife does that irritates you."

„Recite mi šta vaša žena radi što vas iritira.”

And what you see is immediately --

Odmah vidite -

just run that one through your head briefly, you and your partner --

samo zamislite na trenutak vas i vašeg partnera -

you can imagine everybody gets a bit more stressed as soon as that starts.

možete zamisliti da svi postaju uznemireniji čim to krene.

You can see physically, people become more stressed.

Možete fizički da vidite da ljudi postaju uznemireniji.

What he finds is that the couples who manage that feeling of stress

On otkriva da parovi koji prevaziđu osećaj uznemirenosti uz smeh,

with laughter, positive emotions like laughter,

pozitivne emocije kao što je smeh,

not only immediately become less stressed,

ne samo da odmah postaju manje uznemireni,

they can see them physically feeling better,

već se može uočiti da se fizički osećaju bolje,

they're dealing with this unpleasant situation better together,

nose se sa ovom neprijatnom situacijom bolje zajedno,

they are also the couples that report

a to su i parovi koji izveštavaju

high levels of satisfaction in their relationship

o visokim nivoima zadovoljstva u svojoj vezi

and they stay together for longer.

i koji ostaju duže zajedno.

So in fact, when you look at close relationships,

U stvari, kada pažljivije pogledamo intimne veze,

laughter is a phenomenally useful index

smeh je fenomenalno koristan pokazatelj

of how people are regulating their emotions together.

kako ljudi zajedno regulišu emocije.

We're not just emitting it at each other to show that we like each other,

Ne emitujemo ga samo jedni na druge da bismo pokazali

we're making ourselves feel better together.

da se sviđamo jedni drugima;

činimo da se osećamo bolje.

Now, I don't think this is going to be limited to romantic relationships.

Ne mislim da je ovo ograničeno samo na ljubavne veze.

I think this is probably going to be a characteristic

Mislim da je ovo osobina

intimnih emotivnih veza kakve možete ostvariti sa prijateljima,

of close emotional relationships such as you might have with friends,

što objašnjava moj sledeći video,

which explains my next clip,

Jutjub video o mladom momku iz bivše Istočne Nemačke

which is of a YouTube video of some young men in the former East Germany

on making a video to promote their heavy metal band,

i stvaranju videa koji bi trebalo da promoviše njihov hevi-metal bend.

and it's extremely macho, and the mood is very serious,

Izuzetno je mačo, a raspoloženje je veoma ozbiljno.

and I want you to notice what happens in terms of laughter

Želim da sada primetite šta se dešava po pitanju smeha

when things go wrong

kada stvari krenu po zlu

and how quickly that happens, and how that changes the mood.

i koliko se to brzo dešava i kako to menja raspoloženje.

He's cold. He's about to get wet. He's got swimming trunks on,

Hladno mu je. Samo što se nije okvasio.

Na sebi ima kupaći, ima peškir.

got a towel.

Ice.

Led.

Šta može da se desi?

What might possibly happen?

Video starts.

Počinje video.

Serious mood.

Ozbiljno raspoloženje.

And his friends are already laughing. They are already laughing, hard.

Njegovi prijatelji se već smeju, i to jako.

He's not laughing yet.

On se još ne smeje.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

He's starting to go now.

Sad i on kreće

And now they're all off.

i sad već svi pucaju od smeha.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

They're on the floor.

Na podu su.

(Smeh)

(Laughter)

The thing I really like about that is it's all very serious

Stvarno mi se sviđa što je sve veoma ozbiljno

until he jumps onto the ice, and as soon as he doesn't go through the ice,

dok ne skoči na led i čim skoči, kad ne propadne kroz led,

but also there isn't blood and bone everywhere,

ali nema ni krvi ni kostiju svugde,

his friends start laughing.

njegovi prijatelji počinju da se smeju.

And imagine if that had played him out with him standing there going,

Zamislite da je stao i rekao:

"No seriously, Heinrich, I think this is broken,"

„Ozbiljno, Henrih, mislim da je ovo slomljeno.”

Ne bismo uživali u ovom snimku. Bilo bi uznemiravajuće.

we wouldn't enjoy watching that. That would be stressful.

Ili, da trči okolo sa slomljenom nogom smejući se,

Or if he was running around with a visibly broken leg laughing,

a njegovi prijatelji viču: „Henrih, treba da idemo u bolnicu”,

and his friends are going, "Heinrich, I think we need to go to the hospital now,"

ni to ne bi bilo smešno.

Činjenica da smeh funkcioniše,

that also wouldn't be funny.

da ga dovodi iz bolne, ponižavajuće, teške situacije

The fact that the laughter works,

it gets him from a painful, embarrassing, difficult situation,

u smešnu situaciju je ono u čemu uživamo ovde,

into a funny situation, into what we're actually enjoying there,

a mislim da je to stvarno interesantna primena

and I think that's a really interesting use,

i zapravo se dešava sve vreme.

and it's actually happening all the time.

Na primer, sećam se da se nešto slično desilo

For example, I can remember something like this happening

na sahrani mog oca.

at my father's funeral.

Nismo skakali po ledu u kupaćim kostimima.

We weren't jumping around on the ice in our underpants.

Nismo Kanađani.

We're not Canadian.

(Smeh) (Aplauz)

(Laughter) (Applause)

These events are always difficult, I had a relative who was being a bit difficult,

Ovi događaji su uvek teški, jedan rođak je bio malo naporan,

my mum was not in a good place,

moja mama je neraspoložena

and I can remember finding myself just before the whole thing started

i sećam se da sam, pre nego da je sve krenulo,

telling this story about something that happened in a 1970s sitcom,

pričala priču o nečemu iz serije iz sedamdesetih

and I just thought at the time, I don't know why I'm doing this,

i baš sam mislila u to vreme da ne znam zašto to radim,

and what I realized I was doing

a onda sam shvatila

was I was coming up with something from somewhere

da sam smišljala nešto iz nečega

I could use to make her laugh together with me.

da bih je mogla naterati da se nasmeje sa mnom.

It was a very basic reaction to find some reason we can do this.

To je osnovna nagonska reakcija da nađemo razlog da mi to možemo.

We can laugh together. We're going to get through this.

Možemo da se smejemo zajedno. Proći ćemo kroz ovo.

We're going to be okay.

Bićemo dobro.

U stvari, svi radimo ovo stalno.

And in fact, all of us are doing this all the time.

You do it so often, you don't even notice it.

Radite to toliko često da i ne primećujete.

Everybody underestimates how often they laugh,

Svi potcenjuju koliko se često smeju,

a radite nešto dok se smejete sa drugim ljudima

and you're doing something, when you laugh with people,

što vam zapravo dozvoljava pristup drevnom evolucionom sistemu

that's actually letting you access a really ancient evolutionary system

that mammals have evolved to make and maintain social bonds,

koji su sisari razvili da bi stvorili i održali društvene veze

and clearly to regulate emotions, to make ourselves feel better.

i da, naravno, regulišu emocije da bi učinili da se osećaju bolje.

To nije nešto svojstveno samo ljudima - to je zaista drevno ponašanje

It's not something specific to humans -- it's a really ancient behavior

which really helps us regulate how we feel and makes us feel better.

koje nam stvarno pomaže da regulišemo osećanja

i koje čini da se osećamo bolje.

In other words, when it comes to laughter,

Drugim rečima, kada se radi o smehu,

ti i ja, dušo, nismo ništa drugo do sisari. (Smeh)

you and me, baby, ain't nothing but mammals. (Laughter)

Hvala vam.

Thank you.

Thank you. (Applause)

Hvala vam. (Aplauz)