Why we laugh | Sophie Scott

995,803 views ใƒป 2015-04-30

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jihyeon J. Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Inseok Song
00:12
Hi. I'm going to talk to you today about laughter,
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ '์›ƒ์Œ'์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
and I just want to start by thinking about the first time
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ์›ƒ์Œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
00:18
I can ever remember noticing laughter.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
This is when I was a little girl. I would've been about six.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ์‚ด์ฏค์ด์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
And I came across my parents doing something unusual,
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
where they were laughing.
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์›ƒ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ์ฃ .
00:28
They were laughing very, very hard.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ๊ผฝ ์žก๊ณ  ์›ƒ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ์–ด์š”.
00:30
They were lying on the floor laughing.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋ˆ„์›Œ์„œ ์›ƒ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ์–ด์š”.
00:32
They were screaming with laughter.
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์›ƒ๋Š๋ผ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ์–ด์š”.
00:34
I did not know what they were laughing at, but I wanted in.
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๋ญฃ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์›ƒ์œผ์‹œ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋ชฐ๋ž์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋„ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:38
I wanted to be part of that,
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์ €๋„ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์„œ
00:40
and I kind of sat around at the edge going, "Hoo hoo!" (Laughter)
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์˜†์— ์‚ด์ง ์•‰์•„์„œ๋Š” "ํ›„ ํ›„!" ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
00:43
Now, incidentally, what they were laughing at
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์›ƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด
00:47
was a song which people used to sing,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:49
which was based around signs in toilets on trains
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๊ธฐ์ฐจ์˜ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค ํ‘œ์‹œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:53
telling you what you could and could not do
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๊ธฐ์ฐจ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค ์•ˆ์—์„œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๊ณผ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์„
์•Œ๋ ค ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
in toilets on trains.
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00:57
And the thing you have to remember about the English is, of course,
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์˜๊ตญ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„์…”์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด
01:00
we do have an immensely sophisticated sense of humor.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚ด์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ์„ฌ์„ธํ•œ ์œ ๋จธ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:04
At the time, though, I didn't understand anything of that.
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
I just cared about the laughter,
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์›ƒ์Œ์—๋งŒ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ผ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:09
and actually, as a neuroscientist, I've come to care about it again.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
And it is a really weird thing to do.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
What I'm going to do now is just play some examples
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์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์งœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์›ƒ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
of real human beings laughing,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ์›ƒ์Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒํ•œ์ง€
01:19
and I want you think about the sound people make and how odd that can be,
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01:22
and in fact how primitive laughter is as a sound.
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์›ƒ์Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์›์‹œ์ ์ธ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:25
It's much more like an animal call than it is like speech.
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๋ง์ด๋ผ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ง์Šน์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
So here we've got some laughter for you. The first one is pretty joyful.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์›ƒ์Œ์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ธฐ์œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(์Œ์„ฑ : ์›ƒ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
01:31
(Audio: Laughing)
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01:47
Now this next guy, I need him to breathe.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ˆจ์„ ์ข€ ์‰ฌ์–ด์•ผ ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
There's a point in there where I'm just, like,
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๋ณด๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ € ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ˆจ์„ ์ข€ ๋“ค์ด๋งˆ์…”์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค ์‹ถ์„๊ฑธ์š”.
01:52
you've got to get some air in there, mate,
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์ˆจ์„ ๋‚ด์‰ฌ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
01:54
because he just sounds like he's breathing out.
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(์Œ์„ฑ : ์›ƒ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
01:56
(Audio: Laughing)
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02:05
This hasn't been edited; this is him.
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ํŽธ์ง‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—์š”.
02:08
(Audio: Laughing) (Laughter)
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(์Œ์„ฑ : ์›ƒ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ) (์›ƒ์Œ)
02:14
And finally we have -- this is a human female laughing.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์›ƒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
And laughter can take us to some pretty odd places in terms of making noises.
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์›ƒ์Œ์ด ์†Œ์Œ์ด ๋  ์ •๋„๋ผ๋‹ˆ ์ •๋ง ์‹ ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
(Audio: Laughing)
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(์Œ์„ฑ : ์›ƒ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ )
02:41
She actually says, "Oh my God, what is that?" in French.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด๋กœ "์„ธ์ƒ์— ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ญ์•ผ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
We're all kind of with her. I have no idea.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
02:48
Now, to understand laughter, you have to look at a part of the body
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์›ƒ์Œ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์‹ ์ฒด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
that psychologists and neuroscientists don't normally spend much time looking at,
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž์™€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์ž๋Š” ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ‰๊ณฝ์ธ๋ฐ
02:55
which is the ribcage,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
02:56
and it doesn't seem terribly exciting,
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๋Š˜ ํ‰๊ณฝ์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ์ฃ .
02:58
but actually you're all using your ribcage all the time.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ‰๊ณฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ผ์ธ๋ฐ ํ˜ธํก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
What you're all doing at the moment with your ribcage,
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03:03
and don't stop doing it, is breathing.
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๊ฐˆ๋น„๋ผˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋Š‘๊ฐ„ ๊ทผ์œก์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
03:05
So you use the intercostal muscles, the muscles between your ribs,
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03:08
to bring air in and out of your lungs
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ํ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋‚˜๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ณฝ์„ ๋ถ€ํ’€๋ ธ๋‹ค ์ค„์˜€๋‹ค ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
03:10
just by expanding and contracting your ribcage,
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03:12
and if I was to put a strap around the outside of your chest
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๊ฐ€์Šด ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ชฝ์— ํ˜ธํก๋ฒจํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ฅด๊ณ  ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
03:15
called a breath belt, and just look at that movement,
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์™„๋งŒํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ธ๊ณก์„  ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๋ณด์‹คํ…๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ํ˜ธํก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
you see a rather gentle sinusoidal movement, so that's breathing.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ์ง€์š”. ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
03:21
You're all doing it. Don't stop.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ง์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ˜ธํก์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
As soon as you start talking,
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03:24
you start using your breathing completely differently.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
03:26
So what I'm doing now is you see something much more like this.
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03:29
In talking, you use very fine movements of the ribcage
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๋ง์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋นผ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ณฝ์„ ์›€์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
to squeeze the air out --
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03:33
and in fact, we're the only animals that can do this.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:36
It's why we can talk at all.
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03:37
Now, both talking and breathing has a mortal enemy,
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๋ง๊ณผ ํ˜ธํก์€ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
and that enemy is laughter,
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๊ทธ ์ ์ด ์›ƒ์Œ์ธ๋ฐ ์›ƒ์„ ๋•Œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์€
03:43
because what happens when you laugh
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03:45
is those same muscles start to contract very regularly,
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๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทผ์œก์„ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ทœ์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ
03:48
and you get this very marked sort of zig-zagging,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŠน์ง•์ ์ธ ์ง€๊ทธ์žฌ๊ทธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
03:51
and that's just squeezing the air out of you.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋นผ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
It literally is that basic a way of making a sound.
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๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
You could be stamping on somebody, it's having the same effect.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง“๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ์ € ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋นผ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ถ•์šด๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ•˜! ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š”๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
You're just squeezing air out,
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04:00
and each of those contractions -- Ha! -- gives you a sound.
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๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐœ์ž‘์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
And as the contractions run together, you can get these spasms,
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ ํ—๋–ก๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
and that's when you start getting these -- (Wheezing) -- things happening.
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์ € ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ž˜ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
04:10
I'm brilliant at this. (Laughter)
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04:13
Now, in terms of the science of laughter, there isn't very much,
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์›ƒ์Œ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ณ„ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:17
but it does turn out that pretty much everything we think we know
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ƒ์Œ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ž˜๋ชป ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
about laughter is wrong.
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ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์ผ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
So it's not at all unusual, for example, to hear people to say
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๊ฐ€๋ น ์ธ๊ฐ„๋งŒ ์›ƒ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์š”.
04:25
humans are the only animals that laugh.
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๋‹ˆ์ฒด๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„๋งŒ์ด ์›ƒ๋Š” ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
Nietzsche thought that humans are the only animals that laugh.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ์›ƒ์Œ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
In fact, you find laughter throughout the mammals.
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04:33
It's been well-described and well-observed in primates,
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์˜์žฅ๋ฅ˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ž˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
but you also see it in rats,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ฅ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์–ด๋””์„œ๋“  ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
and wherever you find it --
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04:38
humans, primates, rats --
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์ธ๊ฐ„, ์˜์žฅ๋ฅ˜, ์ฅ--
04:40
you find it associated with things like tickling.
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๊ฐ„์ง€๋Ÿฌ์›€๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
That's the same for humans.
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์ธ๊ฐ„๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
You find it associated with play, and all mammals play.
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๋†€์ด์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋“  ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
And wherever you find it, it's associated with interactions.
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์–ด๋””์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋“  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
So Robert Provine, who has done a lot of work on this,
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๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ํ”„๋กœ๋นˆ์ด ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:58
has pointed out that you are 30 times more likely to laugh
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ˜ผ์ž ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
05:02
if you are with somebody else than if you're on your own,
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30๋ฐฐ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์›ƒ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
and where you find most laughter
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์›ƒ์Œ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์€
05:08
is in social interactions like conversation.
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๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
So if you ask human beings, "When do you laugh?"
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ "์–ธ์ œ ์›ƒ์œผ์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?"ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌป๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:13
they'll talk about comedy and they'll talk about humor and they'll talk about jokes.
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์•„๋งˆ ์ฝ”๋ฏธ๋””, ์œ ๋จธ, ๋†๋‹ด ๋“ฑ์„ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
If you look at when they laugh, they're laughing with their friends.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์›ƒ์„ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์›ƒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
And when we laugh with people, we're hardly ever actually laughing at jokes.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์›ƒ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋†๋‹ด๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์›ƒ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
You are laughing to show people that you understand them,
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์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ ค๊ณ  ์›ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
that you agree with them, that you're part of the same group as them.
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๋™์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
You're laughing to show that you like them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์›ƒ๋Š”๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
05:31
You might even love them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
You're doing all that at the same time as talking to them,
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๊ทธ ์›ƒ์Œ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ •์„œ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:35
and the laughter is doing a lot of that emotional work for you.
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05:38
Something that Robert Provine has pointed out, as you can see here,
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๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ํ”„๋กœ๋นˆ์ด ์ง€์ ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ƒ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š”,
05:41
and the reason why we were laughing
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์›ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์›ƒ์Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์™€
05:43
when we heard those funny laughs at the start,
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์ œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์›ƒ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๋•Œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์›ƒ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
05:45
and why I was laughing when I found my parents laughing,
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์›ƒ์Œ์ด ํ–‰๋™ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ „์—ผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
is that it's an enormously behaviorally contagious effect.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์›ƒ์Œ์ด ์ „์—ผ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
You can catch laughter from somebody else,
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์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋”์šฑ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์›ƒ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
and you are more likely to catch laughter off somebody else if you know them.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
So it's still modulated by this social context.
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์œ ๋จธ๋Š” ์ž ์‹œ ๋…ผ์™ธ๋กœ ๋‘๊ณ 
05:59
You have to put humor to one side
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06:00
and think about the social meaning of laughter
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์›ƒ์Œ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:03
because that's where its origins lie.
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06:05
Now, something I've got very interested in is different kinds of laughter,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์›ƒ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
and we have some neurobiological evidence about how human beings vocalize
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ์›ƒ์Œ์—
06:14
that suggests there might be two kinds of laughs that we have.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
So it seems possible that the neurobiology for helpless, involuntary laughter,
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋น„์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ์›ƒ์Œ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
like my parents lying on the floor screaming about a silly song,
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์ œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์›ƒ๊ธด ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์งˆ๋ €๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
06:26
might have a different basis to it than some of that more polite
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์›ƒ์Œ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์˜ˆ์˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์›ƒ์Œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
06:29
social laughter that you encounter, which isn't horrible laughter,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
but it's behavior somebody is doing as part of their communicative act to you,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์  ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ์จ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
part of their interaction with you; they are choosing to do this.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ๋ฐ ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
In our evolution, we have developed two different ways of vocalizing.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ฐœ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
Involuntary vocalizations are part of an older system
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๋น„์ž๋ฐœ์  ๋ฐœ์„ฑ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
06:46
than the more voluntary vocalizations like the speech I'm doing now.
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์ž๋ฐœ์  ๋ฐœ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๋œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
So we might imagine that laughter might actually have two different roots.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์›ƒ์Œ์ด๋ž€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ทผ์›์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
So I've been looking at this in more detail.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
To do this, we've had to make recordings of people laughing,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ ค๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์›ƒ์Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋…น์Œํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:58
and we've had to do whatever it takes to make people laugh,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ๋“  ์›ƒ๊ฒจ์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
07:01
and we got those same people to produce more posed, social laughter.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ข€๋” ๊พธ๋ฉฐ ๋‚ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ์›ƒ์Œ์„ ์›ƒ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
So imagine your friend told a joke,
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์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋†๋‹ด์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:05
and you're laughing because you like your friend,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„์„œ ์›ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€
07:08
but not really because the joke's all that.
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์ •๋ง ๋†๋‹ด๋•Œ๋ฌธ์€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
So I'm going to play you a couple of those.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์›ƒ์Œ์ด ์ง„์งœ์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์–ต์ง€์›ƒ์Œ์ธ์ง€ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
07:12
I want you to tell me if you think this laughter is real laughter,
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07:15
or if you think it's posed.
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07:16
So is this involuntary laughter or more voluntary laughter?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„์ž๋ฐœ์  ์›ƒ์Œ์ธ๊ฐ€์š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
07:19
(Audio: Laughing)
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(์Œ์„ฑ: ์›ƒ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
07:24
What does that sound like to you?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์‹œ๋‚˜์š”? ์ฒญ์ค‘: ๊ฐ€์งœ์š”. ์†Œํ”ผ ์Šค์บ‡: ๋„ค, ๊ฐ€์งœ์—์š”.
07:26
Audience: Posed. Sophie Scott: Posed? Posed.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋– ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
07:28
How about this one?
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(์Œ์„ฑ: ์›ƒ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
07:29
(Audio: Laughing)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:34
(Laughter)
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07:35
I'm the best.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ) (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
07:37
(Laughter) (Applause)
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07:39
Not really.
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๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง„ ์•Š์•„์š”. ์ด๊ฑด ์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์›ƒ์Œ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
No, that was helpless laughter,
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07:43
and in fact, to record that, all they had to do was record me
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ €๊ฒƒ์„ ๋…น์Œํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ 
์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ƒ์„ ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
07:47
watching one of my friends listening to something I knew she wanted to laugh at,
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋…น์Œํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์›ƒ์Œ์ด ๋‚˜์™”์–ด์š”.
07:50
and I just started doing this.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง„์งœ ์›ƒ์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์งœ ์›ƒ์Œ์„
07:52
What you find is that people are good at telling the difference
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07:55
between real and posed laughter.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ž˜ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
They seem to be different things to us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์—๊ฒŒ์„œ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฑธ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
Interestingly, you see something quite similar with chimpanzees.
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์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ์™€
08:02
Chimpanzees laugh differently if they're being tickled
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๊ฐ„์ง€๋Ÿผ์„ ํƒˆ ๋•Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์›ƒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
than if they're playing with each other,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:06
and we might be seeing something like that here,
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์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์›ƒ์Œ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ„์ง€๋Ÿผ ์›ƒ์Œ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์›ƒ์Œ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:08
involuntary laughter, tickling laughter, being different from social laughter.
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์Œํ–ฅํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
They're acoustically very different.
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์ง„์งœ ์›ƒ์Œ์€ ๋” ๊ธธ๊ณ  ์Œ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
The real laughs are longer. They're higher in pitch.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์›ƒ์„ ๋•Œ
08:16
When you start laughing hard,
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ํ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฅ์–ด ์งœ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ
08:18
you start squeezing air out from your lungs
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์–ต์ง€๋กœ ์›ƒ์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’์€ ์••๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
under much higher pressures than you could ever produce voluntarily.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ €๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋•Œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋†’์€ ์Œ์ •์€ ๋ชป ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
For example, I could never pitch my voice that high to sing.
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๋˜ ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฉฐ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ
08:26
Also, you start to get these sort of contractions and weird whistling sounds,
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์ง„์งœ ์›ƒ์Œ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
all of which mean that real laughter is extremely easy,
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08:32
or feels extremely easy to spot.
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08:34
In contrast, posed laughter, we might think it sounds a bit fake.
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์–ต์ง€์›ƒ์Œ์€ ์ข€ ๊พธ๋ฏผ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๋ผ์ฃ .
08:39
Actually, it's not, it's actually an important social cue.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ด์ฃ .
08:42
We use it a lot, we're choosing to laugh in a lot of situations,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ต์ง€ ์›ƒ์Œ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์›ƒ์„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
and it seems to be its own thing.
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๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
So, for example, you find nasality in posed laughter,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊พธ๋ฏผ ์›ƒ์Œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฝง์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
that kind of "ha ha ha ha ha" sound
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"ํ•˜ํ•˜ํ•˜ํ•˜"ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ธ๋ฐ
08:52
that you never get, you could not do, if you were laughing involuntarily.
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์ง„์งœ๋กœ ์›ƒ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ๋‚˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
So they do seem to be genuinely these two different sorts of things.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์›ƒ์Œ์ด ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
We took it into the scanner to see how brains respond
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์›ƒ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
when you hear laughter.
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09:02
And when you do this, this is a really boring experiment.
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์ด ์ผ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
We just played people real and posed laughs.
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์ง„์งœ ์›ƒ์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์งœ ์›ƒ์Œ์„ ๋“ค๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
We didn't tell them it was a study on laughter.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์›ƒ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
We put other sounds in there to distract them,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด์„œ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
and all they're doing is lying listening to sounds.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ„์›Œ์„œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
We don't tell them to do anything.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์€ ์•ˆ ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
Nonetheless, when you hear real laughter and when you hear posed laughter,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ๋„ ์ง„์งœ ์›ƒ์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์งœ ์›ƒ์Œ์„ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ
09:19
the brains are responding completely differently,
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๋‡Œ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ์š”.
09:21
significantly differently.
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09:23
What you see in the regions in blue, which lies in auditory cortex,
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ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ฒญ๊ฐ ํ”ผ์งˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ธ๋ฐ
09:26
are the brain areas that respond more to the real laughs,
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์ง„์งœ ์›ƒ์Œ์— ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
and what seems to be the case,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ณณ์ด ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”
09:30
when you hear somebody laughing involuntarily,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์งœ๋กœ ์›ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ
09:33
you hear sounds you would never hear in any other context.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
09:35
It's very unambiguous,
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09:36
and it seems to be associated with greater auditory processing
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ด€๋ จ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
of these novel sounds.
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09:41
In contrast, when you hear somebody laughing in a posed way,
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๊พธ๋ฉฐ๋‚ธ ์›ƒ์Œ์„ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ
09:45
what you see are these regions in pink,
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๋ถ„ํ™์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋ณด์‹คํ…๋ฐ
09:47
which are occupying brain areas associated with mentalizing,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
09:50
thinking about what somebody else is thinking.
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์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‡Œ ์˜์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
And I think what that means is,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฏธ์—†๋Š” ๋‡Œ ์ดฌ์˜์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด๋„
09:53
even if you're having your brain scanned, which is completely boring
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09:56
and not very interesting,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ "ํ•˜ํ•˜ํ•˜ํ•˜ํ•˜" ์›ƒ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด
09:58
when you hear somebody going, "A ha ha ha ha ha,"
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10:00
you're trying to work out why they're laughing.
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์™œ ์›ƒ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
Laughter is always meaningful.
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์›ƒ์Œ์ด๋ž€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
You are always trying to understand it in context,
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10:06
even if, as far as you are concerned, at that point in time,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ผญ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์–ด๋„
10:09
it has not necessarily anything to do with you,
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์›ƒ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:11
you still want to know why those people are laughing.
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์ด์ œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง„์งœ ์›ƒ์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์งœ ์›ƒ์Œ์„
10:14
Now, we've had the opportunity to look at how people hear real and posed laughter
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณผ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
across the age range.
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์™•๋ฆฝ ํ˜‘ํšŒ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์‹คํ—˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
So this is an online experiment we ran with the Royal Society,
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10:21
and here we just asked people two questions.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฒซ์งธ, ์›ƒ์Œ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์ด ์›ƒ์Œ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜
10:24
First of all, they heard some laughs,
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10:25
and they had to say, how real or posed do these laughs sound?
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์ง„์งœ ํ˜น์€ ๊ฐ€์งœ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
The real laughs are shown in red and the posed laughs are shown in blue.
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์ง„์งœ ์›ƒ์Œ์€ ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰, ๊ฐ€์งœ ์›ƒ์Œ์€ ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
What you see is there is a rapid onset.
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๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์ˆ˜๋ก ์ง„์งœ ์›ƒ์Œ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
As you get older, you get better and better at spotting real laughter.
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10:37
So six-year-olds are at chance, they can't really hear the difference.
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์—ฌ์„ฏ ์‚ด์งœ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™•๋ฅ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž˜ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„์„ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
By the time you are older, you get better,
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๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋” ์ž˜ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
10:43
but interestingly, you do not hit peak performance in this dataset
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด ์ •๋ณด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
10:46
until you are in your late 30s and early 40s.
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30๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์ด๋‚˜ 40๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ์•ผ ์ตœ๊ณ ์ ์„ ์ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
You don't understand laughter fully by the time you hit puberty.
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์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์›ƒ์Œ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
You don't understand laughter fully by the time your brain has matured
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10๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ์ฆˆ์Œ์— ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
์›ƒ์Œ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
at the end of your teens.
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์„ฑ์ธ๊ธฐ ์ „์ƒ์• ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ‹€์–ด ์›ƒ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
You're learning about laughter throughout your entire early adult life.
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11:01
If we turn the question around and now say not, what does the laughter sound like
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ ์ง„์งœ ์›ƒ์Œ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์งœ ์›ƒ์Œ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ 
11:05
in terms of being real or posed, but we say,
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11:07
how much does this laughter make you want to laugh,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์›ƒ์Œ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์›ƒ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
์›ƒ์Œ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ „์—ผ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
how contagious is this laughter to you, we see a different profile.
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11:13
And here, the younger you are,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋ก ์›ƒ์Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด ๋” ๊ฐ™์ด ์›ƒ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
the more you want to join in when you hear laughter.
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11:17
Remember me laughing with my parents when I had no idea what was going on.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์œ ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์›ƒ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ .
11:20
You really can see this.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
Now everybody, young and old,
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๋…ธ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
11:23
finds the real laughs more contagious than the posed laughs,
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๊พธ๋ฏผ ์›ƒ์Œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ง„์งœ ์›ƒ์Œ์ด ๋” ์ „์—ผ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
but as you get older, it all becomes less contagious to you.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ ์  ๋” ์ „์—ผ์„ฑ์ด ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
11:29
Now, either we're all just becoming really grumpy as we get older,
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๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ๋” ํ‰๋ช…์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์ง€๋“ 
11:33
or it may mean that as you understand laughter better,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์›ƒ์Œ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋“ 
11:36
and you are getting better at doing that,
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๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
you need more than just hearing people laugh to want to laugh.
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์›ƒ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์ง€๋ ค๋ฉด ์›ƒ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด์ƒ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
You need the social stuff there.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
So we've got a very interesting behavior
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๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ํ–‰๋™์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
11:45
about which a lot of our lay assumptions are incorrect,
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๋งŽ์€ ํ†ต๋…์ด ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
but I'm coming to see that actually there's even more to laughter
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์›ƒ์Œ์—๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฐ์ •๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
11:52
than it's an important social emotion we should look at,
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
because it turns out people are phenomenally nuanced
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์›ƒ์Œ์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ
11:58
in terms of how we use laughter.
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๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
There's a really lovely set of studies coming out
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๋งค์šฐ ๊นœ์ฐํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
12:02
from Robert Levenson's lab in California,
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ๋ ˆ๋นˆ์Šจ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์—์„œ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
where he's doing a longitudinal study with couples.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ปคํ”Œ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข…์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
He gets married couples, men and women, into the lab,
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๊ธฐํ˜ผ ๋ถ€๋ถ€, ๋‚จ์„ฑ, ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค์™€์„œ
12:09
and he gives them stressful conversations to have
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ธด์žฅ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
12:12
while he wires them up to a polygraph so he can see them becoming stressed.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง ํƒ์ง€๊ธฐ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด์„œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
So you've got the two of them in there, and he'll say to the husband,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จํŽธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
"Tell me something that your wife does that irritates you."
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"์•„๋‚ด๋ถ„์ด ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”."
12:21
And what you see is immediately --
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๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ด
12:23
just run that one through your head briefly, you and your partner --
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12:26
you can imagine everybody gets a bit more stressed as soon as that starts.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋ฉด ์ข€ ๊ธด์žฅ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋‹ค ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
You can see physically, people become more stressed.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ธด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
What he finds is that the couples who manage that feeling of stress
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธด์žฅ๊ฐ์„ ์›ƒ์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
12:39
with laughter, positive emotions like laughter,
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ์ปคํ”Œ์ด
12:42
not only immediately become less stressed,
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๋œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:46
they can see them physically feeling better,
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์‹ ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ข‹์•„์ง„ ๊ฑธ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
they're dealing with this unpleasant situation better together,
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๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ๊ทน๋ณต์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:52
they are also the couples that report
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๊ฐ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๊ณ 
12:53
high levels of satisfaction in their relationship
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
and they stay together for longer.
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12:57
So in fact, when you look at close relationships,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
13:00
laughter is a phenomenally useful index
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์›ƒ์Œ์ด๋ž€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ์„œ
13:02
of how people are regulating their emotions together.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
We're not just emitting it at each other to show that we like each other,
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์„œ๋กœ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ทธ์ € ํ‘œ์ถœํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
13:08
we're making ourselves feel better together.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
Now, I don't think this is going to be limited to romantic relationships.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ์—ฐ์•  ๊ด€๊ณ„์—๋งŒ ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
I think this is probably going to be a characteristic
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฐ์ • ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜
13:16
of close emotional relationships such as you might have with friends,
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ํŠน์ง•์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
which explains my next clip,
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ค„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
which is of a YouTube video of some young men in the former East Germany
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์˜› ๋™๋…์˜ ์ Š์€์ด์˜ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์˜์ƒ์ธ๋ฐ
13:24
on making a video to promote their heavy metal band,
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ํ—ค๋น„๋ฉ”ํƒˆ ๋ฐด๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ™๋ณดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋“  ์˜์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
and it's extremely macho, and the mood is very serious,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜์ฃ .
13:31
and I want you to notice what happens in terms of laughter
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์›ƒ์Œ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ง€ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:34
when things go wrong
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์•ˆ๋  ๋•Œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹น ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š”์ง€์š”.
13:36
and how quickly that happens, and how that changes the mood.
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13:41
He's cold. He's about to get wet. He's got swimming trunks on,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ถฅ๊ณ  ํญ์‚ญ ์ –์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
got a towel.
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์ˆ˜์˜๋ณต์„ ์ž…๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
13:48
Ice.
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์–ผ์Œ์ด๊ณ ์š”. ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:50
What might possibly happen?
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13:54
Video starts.
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์˜์ƒ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„์ง€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์ฃ .
13:57
Serious mood.
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14:06
And his friends are already laughing. They are already laughing, hard.
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์›ƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋„ค์š”. ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์›ƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
14:11
He's not laughing yet.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„์ง ์•ˆ ์›ƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
14:14
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:16
He's starting to go now.
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์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
14:25
And now they're all off.
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์ด์ œ์•ผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์›ƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
14:27
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:44
They're on the floor.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋•…์„ ์น˜๋ฉฐ ์›ƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
14:46
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:55
The thing I really like about that is it's all very serious
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
until he jumps onto the ice, and as soon as he doesn't go through the ice,
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์–ผ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”์š”. ์–ผ์Œ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
15:02
but also there isn't blood and bone everywhere,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ด๋ฒŒํ•œ ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด ์—ฐ์ถœ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ณ 
15:05
his friends start laughing.
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์›ƒ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:06
And imagine if that had played him out with him standing there going,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ €๊ฒŒ ์งœ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
15:09
"No seriously, Heinrich, I think this is broken,"
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"์•„๋‹ˆ ์ง„์งœ ํ•˜์ธ๋ฆฌํžˆ, ์ด๊ฑฐ ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„."
15:12
we wouldn't enjoy watching that. That would be stressful.
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ชป ๋ณผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธด์žฅ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
ํ˜น์€ ์ •๋ง ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์ ธ์„œ ์›ƒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
15:15
Or if he was running around with a visibly broken leg laughing,
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด "ํ•˜์ธ๋ฆฌํžˆ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ฐ€์•ผํ•ด."
15:18
and his friends are going, "Heinrich, I think we need to go to the hospital now,"
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๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ญ์‹œ ์›ƒ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์›ƒ์Œ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
15:22
that also wouldn't be funny.
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๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์•„ํ”„๊ณ  ์ฐฝํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ํž˜๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
15:23
The fact that the laughter works,
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์›ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์ •๋ง ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
it gets him from a painful, embarrassing, difficult situation,
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15:28
into a funny situation, into what we're actually enjoying there,
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
15:31
and I think that's a really interesting use,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋Š˜ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:33
and it's actually happening all the time.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ์žฅ๋ก€์‹ ๋•Œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑธ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:35
For example, I can remember something like this happening
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15:37
at my father's funeral.
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์†์˜ท๋งŒ ์ž…๊ณ  ์–ผ์ŒํŒ์—์„œ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
15:39
We weren't jumping around on the ice in our underpants.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์ธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
15:41
We're not Canadian.
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(์›ƒ์Œ) (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
15:44
(Laughter) (Applause)
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15:46
These events are always difficult, I had a relative who was being a bit difficult,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ๋Š˜ ํž˜๋“ค์ฃ . ์นœ์ฒ™ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด ํ•˜์…จ์–ด์š”.
15:50
my mum was not in a good place,
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋„ ์ข‹์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
and I can remember finding myself just before the whole thing started
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์ผ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ œ๊ฐ€
15:55
telling this story about something that happened in a 1970s sitcom,
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1970๋…„๋Œ€ ์‹œํŠธ์ฝค์—์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
15:59
and I just thought at the time, I don't know why I'm doing this,
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
and what I realized I was doing
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์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“  ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋‚ด์„œ
16:04
was I was coming up with something from somewhere
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16:07
I could use to make her laugh together with me.
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„์„ ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์›ƒ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
16:11
It was a very basic reaction to find some reason we can do this.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
16:14
We can laugh together. We're going to get through this.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์›ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค ๊ฑฐ์ณ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ผ์ด์—์š”.
16:17
We're going to be okay.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:19
And in fact, all of us are doing this all the time.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋Š˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
You do it so often, you don't even notice it.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž์ฃผ ํ•ด์„œ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:23
Everybody underestimates how often they laugh,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ ์›ƒ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:26
and you're doing something, when you laugh with people,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์›ƒ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:29
that's actually letting you access a really ancient evolutionary system
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ •๋ง ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ง„ํ™” ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ
16:33
that mammals have evolved to make and maintain social bonds,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜์—์„œ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ด์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
16:37
and clearly to regulate emotions, to make ourselves feel better.
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:41
It's not something specific to humans -- it's a really ancient behavior
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ๊ตญํ•œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ
16:44
which really helps us regulate how we feel and makes us feel better.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ์ž˜ ๋Š๋ผ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:48
In other words, when it comes to laughter,
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์ฆ‰, ์›ƒ์Œ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜ ์ €๋‚˜ ์•„๊ธฐ๋‚˜
16:51
you and me, baby, ain't nothing but mammals. (Laughter)
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๊ทธ์ € ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜๋ž€ ๋œป์ด์ง€์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
16:54
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:56
Thank you. (Applause)
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)

Original video on YouTube.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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