Why we laugh | Sophie Scott

Traducător: Doina Zamfirescu Corector: Delia Bogdan

Hi. I'm going to talk to you today about laughter,

Bună, astăzi o să vorbesc despre râs

and I just want to start by thinking about the first time

şi mă gândesc la prima dată când am observat râsul.

I can ever remember noticing laughter.

This is when I was a little girl. I would've been about six.

Aveam vreo 6 ani

And I came across my parents doing something unusual,

și i-am surprins pe părinţi făcând ceva neobişnuit:

where they were laughing.

râdeau.

They were laughing very, very hard.

Râdeau foarte foarte tare.

They were lying on the floor laughing.

Se tăvăleau pe jos de râs şi chiuiau în gura mare.

They were screaming with laughter.

I did not know what they were laughing at, but I wanted in.

Nu ştiam de ce râdeau, dar voiam şi eu.

I wanted to be part of that,

Stăteam pe margine şi îi imitam „Ha, ha!" (Râsete)

and I kind of sat around at the edge going, "Hoo hoo!" (Laughter)

Now, incidentally, what they were laughing at

Din întâmplare ei râdeau de un cântec de pe vremea aceea,

was a song which people used to sing,

which was based around signs in toilets on trains

despre semnele de la toaleta din tren care-ţi spuneau ce poţi şi ce nu poţi face

telling you what you could and could not do

in toilets on trains.

în toaleta trenului.

And the thing you have to remember about the English is, of course,

Vă amintesc că noi, englezii, avem un simţ al umorului sofisticat.

we do have an immensely sophisticated sense of humor.

(Laughter)

(Râsete)

At the time, though, I didn't understand anything of that.

Atunci nu înţelegeam toate astea. Îmi păsa doar de râs.

I just cared about the laughter,

Ca neurolog am devenit iar interesată.

and actually, as a neuroscientist, I've come to care about it again.

And it is a really weird thing to do.

Şi e un lucru ciudat.

What I'm going to do now is just play some examples

Acum vă rog să ascultaţi câteva exemple de râsete de oameni.

of real human beings laughing,

Observaţi cât sunt de ciudate şi cât de primitive sunt.

and I want you think about the sound people make and how odd that can be,

and in fact how primitive laughter is as a sound.

It's much more like an animal call than it is like speech.

Seamănă mai mult cu strigătele animalelor decât cu vorbitul.

So here we've got some laughter for you. The first one is pretty joyful.

Iată câteva exemple. Primul e chiar vesel.

(Audio: Laughing)

(Audio: Râsete)

Now this next guy, I need him to breathe.

Tipul care urmează are nevoie să respire.

There's a point in there where I'm just, like,

La un moment dat i-aş spune: „Respiră puţin!”

you've got to get some air in there, mate,

pentru că parcă nu mai are aer.

because he just sounds like he's breathing out.

(Audio: Râsete)

(Audio: Laughing)

This hasn't been edited; this is him.

Sunetele nu sunt editate: aşa râde el.

(Audio: Râsete) (Râsete)

(Audio: Laughing) (Laughter)

And finally we have -- this is a human female laughing.

Şi în final avem un râs de femeie.

And laughter can take us to some pretty odd places in terms of making noises.

Putem scoate sunete foarte ciudate când râdem.

(Audio: Laughing)

(Audio: Râsete)

She actually says, "Oh my God, what is that?" in French.

Ea spune „O, Doamne, ce-i asta?” în franceză.

We're all kind of with her. I have no idea.

O înţelegem: habar n-avem nici noi.

Now, to understand laughter, you have to look at a part of the body

Pentru a înţelege râsul să analizăm o anumită parte a corpului

that psychologists and neuroscientists don't normally spend much time looking at,

căreia psihologii şi neurologii nu-i prea dau atenţie: cutia toracică.

which is the ribcage,

Nu pare foarte interesantă, dar o folosim tot timpul.

and it doesn't seem terribly exciting,

but actually you're all using your ribcage all the time.

O folosiţi şi acum şi să nu vă opriţi: se numeşte respiraţie.

What you're all doing at the moment with your ribcage,

and don't stop doing it, is breathing.

Vă folosiţi muşchii intercostali – muşchii dintre coaste –

So you use the intercostal muscles, the muscles between your ribs,

să băgaţi şi să scoateţi aer din plămâni, mărind şi micşorând cutia toracică.

to bring air in and out of your lungs

just by expanding and contracting your ribcage,

Dacă v-aş pune o centură de respiraţie în jurul pieptului,

and if I was to put a strap around the outside of your chest

am observa o mişcare lină, sinusoidală; asta e respiraţia.

called a breath belt, and just look at that movement,

you see a rather gentle sinusoidal movement, so that's breathing.

Toţi facem asta. Nu vă opriţi.

You're all doing it. Don't stop.

Când începeţi să vorbiţi, vă folosiţi respiraţia diferit.

As soon as you start talking,

you start using your breathing completely differently.

So what I'm doing now is you see something much more like this.

Ce fac acum arată cam aşa:

când vorbim mişcăm uşor cutia toracică să împingem aerul afară.

In talking, you use very fine movements of the ribcage

to squeeze the air out --

and in fact, we're the only animals that can do this.

Suntem singurele animale care fac asta. De asta putem vorbi.

It's why we can talk at all.

Now, both talking and breathing has a mortal enemy,

Atât vorbitul cât şi respiratul au un inamic mortal,

and that enemy is laughter,

iar aceasta e râsul.

because what happens when you laugh

Când râdeţi, aceiaşi muşchi încep să se contracte regulat

is those same muscles start to contract very regularly,

and you get this very marked sort of zig-zagging,

– ce apare ca un de zig-zag – de fapt scoateţi aerul din voi.

and that's just squeezing the air out of you.

It literally is that basic a way of making a sound.

Asta faci când scoţi sunete.

Dacă te apasă cineva pe piept, efectul e acelaşi: aerul e presat afară.

You could be stamping on somebody, it's having the same effect.

You're just squeezing air out,

Cu fiecare contracţie – Ha! – se aude un sunet.

and each of those contractions -- Ha! -- gives you a sound.

Deoarece contracţiile sunt în cascadă aveţi acele spasme care dau...

And as the contractions run together, you can get these spasms,

and that's when you start getting these -- (Wheezing) -- things happening.

...(hârâituri), ca astea. (Râsete)

Mă pricep la asta. (Râsete)

I'm brilliant at this. (Laughter)

Now, in terms of the science of laughter, there isn't very much,

Ştiinţa râsului e relativ simplă,

but it does turn out that pretty much everything we think we know

doar că tot ce ştim despre râs e greşit.

about laughter is wrong.

So it's not at all unusual, for example, to hear people to say

Nu-i ciudat să auzim că noi suntem singurele animale care râd.

humans are the only animals that laugh.

Nietzsche credea asta.

Nietzsche thought that humans are the only animals that laugh.

Dar râsul e şi printre mamifere.

In fact, you find laughter throughout the mammals.

A fost descris şi observat la primate, dar a fost observat şi la şobolani

It's been well-described and well-observed in primates,

but you also see it in rats,

şi indiferent unde îl întâlniţi, – la oameni, primate, şobolani –

and wherever you find it --

humans, primates, rats --

you find it associated with things like tickling.

veţi vedea că-i asociat cu lucruri ca gâdilatul.

That's the same for humans.

La fel e şi la oameni.

You find it associated with play, and all mammals play.

E asociat cu joaca şi toate mamiferele se joacă.

And wherever you find it, it's associated with interactions.

Oriunde îl întâlniţi e asociat cu interacţiunea.

So Robert Provine, who has done a lot of work on this,

Robert Provine, care a studiat mult râsul,

has pointed out that you are 30 times more likely to laugh

a arătat că e de 30 de ori mai probabil să râzi

if you are with somebody else than if you're on your own,

dacă ești cu cineva decât singur.

and where you find most laughter

Cel mai mult râdem când interacţionăm social, cum ar fi în conversaţie.

is in social interactions like conversation.

So if you ask human beings, "When do you laugh?"

Dacă-i întrebăm pe oameni când râd, amintesc de comedii, umor şi glume.

they'll talk about comedy and they'll talk about humor and they'll talk about jokes.

Dacă studiezi să vezi când râd, vezi că râd cu prietenii.

If you look at when they laugh, they're laughing with their friends.

And when we laugh with people, we're hardly ever actually laughing at jokes.

Când râdem cu alţi oameni nu râdem de fapt atât la glume,

You are laughing to show people that you understand them,

cât pentru a le arăta că-i înţelegem, că suntem de acord cu ei,

that you agree with them, that you're part of the same group as them.

că facem parte din acelaşi grup,

You're laughing to show that you like them.

râdem ca să le arătăm că ne place de ei sau că-i iubim.

You might even love them.

Facem asta în timp ce vorbim cu ei, iar râsul se ocupă de partea emoţională.

You're doing all that at the same time as talking to them,

and the laughter is doing a lot of that emotional work for you.

Something that Robert Provine has pointed out, as you can see here,

Asta a arătat Robert Provine

şi motivul pentru care râdem, cum ați văzut la început,

and the reason why we were laughing

when we heard those funny laughs at the start,

şi ca atunci când mi-am găsit părinţii râzând,

and why I was laughing when I found my parents laughing,

e că râsul are un efect contagios.

is that it's an enormously behaviorally contagious effect.

Vă puteţi molipsi de la ceilalţi

You can catch laughter from somebody else,

şi mai ales de la cineva cunoscut.

and you are more likely to catch laughter off somebody else if you know them.

E modulat deci de contextul social.

So it's still modulated by this social context.

Originea râsului nu e în umor, ci are o componentă socială.

You have to put humor to one side

and think about the social meaning of laughter

because that's where its origins lie.

Now, something I've got very interested in is different kinds of laughter,

Pe mine mă interesează diferitele feluri de râs

and we have some neurobiological evidence about how human beings vocalize

Avem dovezi neurobiologice despre cum vocalizează oamenii,

that suggests there might be two kinds of laughs that we have.

iar ele sugerează că am putea avea două feluri de râs.

So it seems possible that the neurobiology for helpless, involuntary laughter,

E posibil ca neurobiologia râsului involuntar,

like my parents lying on the floor screaming about a silly song,

ca cel al părinţilor mei care hohoteau la un cântec stupid,

might have a different basis to it than some of that more polite

să difere de râsul politicos, social,

social laughter that you encounter, which isn't horrible laughter,

care nu-i oribil, ci e doar felul în care cineva comunică cu tine,

but it's behavior somebody is doing as part of their communicative act to you,

part of their interaction with you; they are choosing to do this.

parte a interacţiunii dintre voi, o alegere conştientă.

In our evolution, we have developed two different ways of vocalizing.

Evolutiv am dezvoltat două moduri de a vocaliza.

Vocalizările involuntare aparţin unui sistem mai vechi

Involuntary vocalizations are part of an older system

than the more voluntary vocalizations like the speech I'm doing now.

decât vocalizările voluntare precum vorbitul meu de acum.

So we might imagine that laughter might actually have two different roots.

Am putea să ne imaginăm că râsul are două rădăcini diferite.

So I've been looking at this in more detail.

Am cercetat asta în detaliu.

To do this, we've had to make recordings of people laughing,

Pentru asta am înregistrat oameni care râd şi am făcut orice ca ei să râdă.

and we've had to do whatever it takes to make people laugh,

and we got those same people to produce more posed, social laughter.

Apoi tot pe aceiaşi i-am pus să producă râsul social.

So imagine your friend told a joke,

Imaginaţi-vă că un prieten spune o glumă şi voi râdeţi fiindcă vă place de el

and you're laughing because you like your friend,

but not really because the joke's all that.

şi nu neapărat gluma.

So I'm going to play you a couple of those.

Vă pun să ascultaţi câteva.

Spuneţi-mi dacă credeţi că acest râs e real sau fals, involuntar sau voluntar?

I want you to tell me if you think this laughter is real laughter,

or if you think it's posed.

So is this involuntary laughter or more voluntary laughter?

(Audio: Laughing)

(Audio: Râsete)

What does that sound like to you?

Cum vă sună? Fals?

Audience: Posed. Sophie Scott: Posed? Posed.

Publicul: Fals. Fals.

Dar acesta?

How about this one?

(Audio: Laughing)

(Audio: Râsete)

(Laughter)

(Râsete)

I'm the best.

Sunt cea mai bună.

(Laughter) (Applause)

(Râsete) (Aplauze)

Not really.

Nu chiar.

No, that was helpless laughter,

E râs involuntar.

and in fact, to record that, all they had to do was record me

De fapt ca să mă înregistreze a trebuit să mă uit la o prietenă care asculta ceva

watching one of my friends listening to something I knew she wanted to laugh at,

la care ştiam că va râde şi m-a pufnit râsul.

and I just started doing this.

Oamenii ştiu să deosebească un râs real de unul fals.

What you find is that people are good at telling the difference

between real and posed laughter.

Se pare că sunt diferite pentru noi.

They seem to be different things to us.

Similar la cimpanzei: râd diferit când sunt gâdilaţi

Interestingly, you see something quite similar with chimpanzees.

Chimpanzees laugh differently if they're being tickled

decât când se joacă unii cu alţii.

than if they're playing with each other,

Similar cu râsul involuntar, de gâdilat, diferit de râsul social.

and we might be seeing something like that here,

involuntary laughter, tickling laughter, being different from social laughter.

Şi acustic sunt diferite:

They're acoustically very different.

râsetele reale sunt mai lungi, au ton mai ridicat.

The real laughs are longer. They're higher in pitch.

Când râdeţi din suflet, aerul iese cu o presiune mai mare din plămâni

When you start laughing hard,

you start squeezing air out from your lungs

under much higher pressures than you could ever produce voluntarily.

decât aţi putea produce voluntar.

Adică n-aş scoate sunete atât de înalte când cânt.

For example, I could never pitch my voice that high to sing.

Şi aveţi aceste contracţii şi sunete fluierate.

Also, you start to get these sort of contractions and weird whistling sounds,

Toate astea înseamnă că râsul real e extrem de uşor şi uşor de recunoscut.

all of which mean that real laughter is extremely easy,

or feels extremely easy to spot.

In contrast, posed laughter, we might think it sounds a bit fake.

Prin comparație, râsul de complezenţă sună un pic fals.

Actually, it's not, it's actually an important social cue.

De fapt nu-i aşa. El e un indicator social important.

We use it a lot, we're choosing to laugh in a lot of situations,

Îl folosim des. Alegem să râdem în multe situaţii.

and it seems to be its own thing.

De exemplu, îl facem nazal, – acel „ha ha ha ha ah" –

So, for example, you find nasality in posed laughter,

that kind of "ha ha ha ha ha" sound

that you never get, you could not do, if you were laughing involuntarily.

pe care nu îl puteţi face când râdeţi involuntar.

So they do seem to be genuinely these two different sorts of things.

Pare deci că sunt două lucruri diferite.

We took it into the scanner to see how brains respond

Am folosit scanerul să vedem cum răspunde creierul când auzim râsete.

when you hear laughter.

And when you do this, this is a really boring experiment.

Un experiment plictisitor: am pus oamenii să asculte râs real şi de complezenţă.

We just played people real and posed laughs.

We didn't tell them it was a study on laughter.

Nu le-am spus că studiem râsul. Mai erau şi alte sunete ca să-i distragem.

We put other sounds in there to distract them,

and all they're doing is lying listening to sounds.

Ei trebuiau să stea întinşi şi să asculte sunetele. Nu aveau nimic altceva de făcut.

We don't tell them to do anything.

Nonetheless, when you hear real laughter and when you hear posed laughter,

Şi totuşi la cele două tipuri de râs, real și de complezență,

the brains are responding completely differently,

creierul răspunde total diferit.

significantly differently.

What you see in the regions in blue, which lies in auditory cortex,

Zonele albastre ale cortexului auditiv sunt ariile care răspund la râsul real.

are the brain areas that respond more to the real laughs,

and what seems to be the case,

Se pare că la râsul involuntar sunt sunete pe care nu le întâlniţi în alt context,

when you hear somebody laughing involuntarily,

you hear sounds you would never hear in any other context.

It's very unambiguous,

sunete lipsite de ambiguitate, care se pare că sunt asociate

and it seems to be associated with greater auditory processing

cu procesarea acestora la un nivel cerebral mai înalt.

of these novel sounds.

In contrast, when you hear somebody laughing in a posed way,

În schimb când auziţi că cineva râde de complezenţă se activează ariile roz,

what you see are these regions in pink,

which are occupying brain areas associated with mentalizing,

care se află în regiuni corticale responsabile de mentalizare,

thinking about what somebody else is thinking.

când ne gândim la ce se gândeşte cineva.

And I think what that means is,

Adică chiar dacă ţi se scanează creierul – lucru plictisitor şi neinteresant –

even if you're having your brain scanned, which is completely boring

and not very interesting,

când auzi pe cineva: „A ha ha ha ha ha", încerci să-ţi dai seama de ce râde.

when you hear somebody going, "A ha ha ha ha ha,"

you're trying to work out why they're laughing.

Laughter is always meaningful.

Râsul înseamnă întotdeauna ceva. Mereu încercăm să-l înţelegem în context,

You are always trying to understand it in context,

even if, as far as you are concerned, at that point in time,

chiar dacă în acel moment nu are de-a face cu noi,

it has not necessarily anything to do with you,

tot vrem să ştim de ce râd acei oameni.

you still want to know why those people are laughing.

Am studiat cum aud oamenii tipurile de râs în funcţie de vârstă.

Now, we've had the opportunity to look at how people hear real and posed laughter

across the age range.

E un experiment online făcut de Societatea Regală

So this is an online experiment we ran with the Royal Society,

and here we just asked people two questions.

în care am pus oamenilor două întrebări.

Ascultau nişte râsete şi trebuiau să spună dacă sunt adevărate sau de complezenţă.

First of all, they heard some laughs,

and they had to say, how real or posed do these laughs sound?

Cele adevărate sunt roşii, iar complezentele sunt albastre.

The real laughs are shown in red and the posed laughs are shown in blue.

Se observă o creștere rapidă.

What you see is there is a rapid onset.

Odată cu înaintarea în vârstă devenim mai pricepuţi în a recunoaşte râsul real.

As you get older, you get better and better at spotting real laughter.

So six-year-olds are at chance, they can't really hear the difference.

Copiii de 6 ani nu le prea deosebesc.

By the time you are older, you get better,

Mai târziu, devenim mai pricepuţi,

but interestingly, you do not hit peak performance in this dataset

dar e interesant că nu atingem apogeul

until you are in your late 30s and early 40s.

decât pe la 35–45 de ani.

You don't understand laughter fully by the time you hit puberty.

La atingerea pubertăţii nu interpretaţi mereu corect râsul

You don't understand laughter fully by the time your brain has matured

şi nici când creierul e complet dezvoltat, adică la sfârşitul adolescenţei.

at the end of your teens.

Învăţaţi despre râsete în perioada maturităţii timpurii.

You're learning about laughter throughout your entire early adult life.

If we turn the question around and now say not, what does the laughter sound like

Putem întreba și invers: nu cum ni se pare râsul,

in terms of being real or posed, but we say,

dacă e adevărat sau de complezenţă, ci cât de mult de face să râzi,

how much does this laughter make you want to laugh,

cât de contagios este, vedem ceva diferit.

how contagious is this laughter to you, we see a different profile.

And here, the younger you are,

Cu cât mai tineri, cu atât mai mult vreţi să vă alăturaţi celor care râd.

the more you want to join in when you hear laughter.

Remember me laughing with my parents when I had no idea what was going on.

Cum râdeam eu cu părinţii deşi habar n-aveam ce se-ntâmpla.

You really can see this.

Observăm, indiferent de vârstă, că râsul real e mai contagios decât cel fals,

Now everybody, young and old,

finds the real laughs more contagious than the posed laughs,

dar pe măsură ce îmbătrânim devine tot mai puţin molipsitor.

but as you get older, it all becomes less contagious to you.

Now, either we're all just becoming really grumpy as we get older,

Fie devenim tot mai morocănoşi

or it may mean that as you understand laughter better,

sau poate pentru că înţelegem râsul mai bine şi suntem mai pricepuţi,

and you are getting better at doing that,

you need more than just hearing people laugh to want to laugh.

nu mai e suficient să auziţi oamenii râzând ca să râdeți.

You need the social stuff there.

Aveţi nevoie de partea socială.

So we've got a very interesting behavior

Iată un comportament interesant despre care avem presupuneri incorecte,

about which a lot of our lay assumptions are incorrect,

but I'm coming to see that actually there's even more to laughter

datorită căruia am înţeles că râsul e mai mult decât emoţie socială exprimată,

than it's an important social emotion we should look at,

because it turns out people are phenomenally nuanced

pentru că oamenii atribuie râsului fenomenal de multe nuanţe.

in terms of how we use laughter.

There's a really lovely set of studies coming out

E interesant ce face Robert Levinson în laboratorul său din California:

from Robert Levenson's lab in California,

where he's doing a longitudinal study with couples.

studii longitudinale cu cupluri.

He gets married couples, men and women, into the lab,

Aduce în laborator cupluri căsătorite, bărbaţi şi femei,

and he gives them stressful conversations to have

şi în timp ce ei au o conversaţie stresantă

while he wires them up to a polygraph so he can see them becoming stressed.

îi urmăreşte la poligraf pe măsură ce se stresează.

So you've got the two of them in there, and he'll say to the husband,

Îi pune împreună şi-i spune soţului:

"Tell me something that your wife does that irritates you."

„Spune-mi ceva care te irită la soţia ta.”

And what you see is immediately --

Se observă imediat – imaginaţi-vă pe voi cu partenerul –

just run that one through your head briefly, you and your partner --

you can imagine everybody gets a bit more stressed as soon as that starts.

toată lumea devine puţin mai stresată, imediat.

You can see physically, people become more stressed.

Se vede fizic că ei devin mai stresaţi.

What he finds is that the couples who manage that feeling of stress

El a observat că perechile care îşi gestionează acel stres prin râs,

with laughter, positive emotions like laughter,

prin emoţii pozitive ca râsul, nu doar că se destresează imediat,

not only immediately become less stressed,

they can see them physically feeling better,

dar se şi simt mai bine fizic, gestionează situaţia împreună mai bine,

they're dealing with this unpleasant situation better together,

they are also the couples that report

fac parte din categoria celor cu relaţie cu nivel crescut de satisfacţie

high levels of satisfaction in their relationship

şi rămân mai mult împreună.

and they stay together for longer.

So in fact, when you look at close relationships,

Dacă studiaţi relaţiile apropiate, râsul e un indicator foarte util

laughter is a phenomenally useful index

of how people are regulating their emotions together.

al modului în care oamenii îşi reglează emoţiile împreună.

We're not just emitting it at each other to show that we like each other,

Nu facem asta doar pentru a arăta că ne plăcem reciproc,

we're making ourselves feel better together.

ci ca să ne simţim mai bine împreună.

Now, I don't think this is going to be limited to romantic relationships.

Nu cred că se aplică doar la relaţiile romantice.

I think this is probably going to be a characteristic

Cred că e o caracteristică a relaţiilor de prietenie apropiate

of close emotional relationships such as you might have with friends,

şi asta se vede în următorul clip,

which explains my next clip,

which is of a YouTube video of some young men in the former East Germany

un video de pe YouTube al unor tineri din fosta Germanie de Est

on making a video to promote their heavy metal band,

care îşi promovează formaţia heavy metal.

and it's extremely macho, and the mood is very serious,

Sunt foarte macho şi foarte serioşi

and I want you to notice what happens in terms of laughter

şi vreau să observaţi ce rol are râsul când lucrurile o iau razna,

when things go wrong

and how quickly that happens, and how that changes the mood.

cât de repede şi cum le schimbă dispoziţia.

He's cold. He's about to get wet. He's got swimming trunks on,

Îi e frig. Urmează să se ude. Are slip, ia un prosop.

got a towel.

Ice.

Gheaţă.

What might possibly happen?

Ce se poate întâmpla?

Video starts.

Începe filmarea.

Serious mood.

Dispoziţie serioasă.

And his friends are already laughing. They are already laughing, hard.

Prietenii lui râd deja. Râd chiar tare.

He's not laughing yet.

El încă nu râde deloc.

(Laughter)

(Râsete)

He's starting to go now.

Începe acum.

And now they're all off.

Şi acum râd cu toţii.

(Laughter)

(Râsete)

They're on the floor.

Sunt pe jos.

(Laughter)

(Râsete)

The thing I really like about that is it's all very serious

Îmi place că sunt serioşi până când el sare pe gheaţă

until he jumps onto the ice, and as soon as he doesn't go through the ice,

şi dacă n-a spart-o, dar nici nu-s oase şi sânge peste tot,

but also there isn't blood and bone everywhere,

his friends start laughing.

prietenii lui încep să râdă.

And imagine if that had played him out with him standing there going,

Imaginaţi-vă că el ar fi început să spună: „Cred că mi-am rupt ceva"

"No seriously, Heinrich, I think this is broken,"

nu ne-am distra privind, ar fi fost stresant.

we wouldn't enjoy watching that. That would be stressful.

Sau dacă el ar alerga cu piciorul rupt, râzând,

Or if he was running around with a visibly broken leg laughing,

iar prietenii: „Heinrich, hai la spital acum!",

and his friends are going, "Heinrich, I think we need to go to the hospital now,"

nici asta n-ar fi distractiv.

Dar râsul a funcţionat, iar el a trecut de la o situaţie dureroasă, jenantă, grea,

that also wouldn't be funny.

The fact that the laughter works,

la una amuzantă, pe care o vedem cu plăcere.

it gets him from a painful, embarrassing, difficult situation,

into a funny situation, into what we're actually enjoying there,

Cred că asta e o utilizare interesantă a râsului, care se-ntâmplă frecvent.

and I think that's a really interesting use,

and it's actually happening all the time.

Îmi amintesc acum că ceva asemănător s-a întâmplat la înmormântarea lui tata.

For example, I can remember something like this happening

at my father's funeral.

Nu săream în chiloți pe gheaţă. Nu suntem canadieni.

We weren't jumping around on the ice in our underpants.

We're not Canadian.

(Râsete) (Aplauze)

(Laughter) (Applause)

These events are always difficult, I had a relative who was being a bit difficult,

Astea-s evenimente triste, aveam o rudă mai dificilă, mama era în apele ei

my mum was not in a good place,

şi îmi amintesc cum, chiar înainte să înceapă totul,

and I can remember finding myself just before the whole thing started

telling this story about something that happened in a 1970s sitcom,

povesteam ceva dintr-o comedie din anii 1970

and I just thought at the time, I don't know why I'm doing this,

şi mă gândeam că nu ştiu de ce fac asta,

and what I realized I was doing

când mi-am dat seama că încerc din răsputeri

was I was coming up with something from somewhere

I could use to make her laugh together with me.

s-o fac să râdă împreună cu mine.

It was a very basic reaction to find some reason we can do this.

A fost o reacţie primară să găsesc un motiv să facem asta.

We can laugh together. We're going to get through this.

Putem râde împreună. Putem trece de asta. Vom fi în regulă.

We're going to be okay.

Şi toţi facem asta mereu. O faceţi atât de des că nici nu observaţi.

And in fact, all of us are doing this all the time.

You do it so often, you don't even notice it.

Everybody underestimates how often they laugh,

Toți subestimăm cât de des râdem.

and you're doing something, when you laugh with people,

De fapt, când râdeţi cu cineva,

accesaţi un sistem primordial evolutiv

that's actually letting you access a really ancient evolutionary system

that mammals have evolved to make and maintain social bonds,

apărut la mamifere, cu ajutorul căruia au creat și menţinut legături sociale,

and clearly to regulate emotions, to make ourselves feel better.

cu rol de control al emoţiilor, pentru ca să ne simţim bine.

It's not something specific to humans -- it's a really ancient behavior

Nu e ceva specific oamenilor, e un comportament ancestral

which really helps us regulate how we feel and makes us feel better.

care ne ajută să reglăm ce simţim şi ne face să ne simţim mai bine.

In other words, when it comes to laughter,

Cu alte cuvinte, când e vorba de râs tu şi cu mine suntem simple mamifere.

you and me, baby, ain't nothing but mammals. (Laughter)

Mulţumesc.

Thank you.

Thank you. (Applause)

Mulţumesc. (Aplauze)

(Aplauze)