Wireless data from every light bulb | Harald Haas

Prevodilac: Petar Crnojevic Lektor: Ivana Korom

Do you know

Da li znate

that we have 1.4 million cellular radio masts

da imamo 1,4 miliona antenskih stubova

deployed worldwide?

za mobilnu telefoniju širom sveta?

And these are base stations.

A to su ujedno i bazne stanice.

And we also have

Takođe imamo

more than five billion

više od pet milijardi

of these devices here.

ovakvih uređaja.

These are cellular mobile phones.

To su mobilni telefoni.

And with these mobile phones,

I sa tim mobilnim telefonima,

we transmit more than 600 terabytes of data

mi pošaljemo više od 600 terabajta podataka

every month.

svakog meseca.

This is a 6 with 14 zeroes --

To je 6 sa 14 nula --

a very large number.

veoma velik broj.

And wireless communications

Bežična komunikacija

has become a utility

postaje potrošačko dobro,

like electricity and water.

kao što su struja i voda.

We use it everyday. We use it in our everyday lives now --

Koristimo ih svaki dan. Svakodnevno su u upotrebi --

in our private lives, in our business lives.

kako u privatnom, tako i u poslovnom životu.

And we even have to be asked sometimes, very kindly,

I ponekad će nas zamoliti, veoma ljubazno,

to switch off the mobile phone at events like this

da isključimo mobilne na ovakvim i sličnim skupovima

for good reasons.

sa dobrim razlogom.

And it's this importance

I to je taj značaj

why I decided to look into the issues

zbog koga sam se ja odlučio da sagledam probleme

that this technology has,

koje ova tehnologija ima,

because it's so fundamental to our lives.

jer je to tako značajno za naše živote.

And one of the issues is capacity.

I jedan od problema je kapacitet.

The way we transmit wireless data is by using electromagnetic waves --

Način na koji šaljemo bežične podatke je putem elektromagnetnih

in particular, radio waves.

talasa -- tačnije, radio talasa.

And radio waves are limited.

I opseg radio talasa je ograničen.

They are scarce; they are expensive;

Oni su retki; oni su skupi;

and we only have a certain range of it.

i mi samo imamo određeni opseg istih.

And it's this limitation

I to je to ograničenje

that doesn't cope

koje se kosi

with the demand of wireless data transmissions

sa zahtevima bežičnog prenosa podataka

and the number of bytes and data which are transmitted every month.

i količinom bita i podataka koje šaljemo svakog meseca.

And we are simply running out of spectrum.

I tako radio talasi prosto ostaju bez opsega.

There's another problem.

Tu je još jedan problem.

That is efficiency.

To je efikasnost.

These 1.4 million cellular radio masts, or base stations,

Onih 1,4 miliona antenskih stubova, ili baznih stanica,

consume a lot of energy.

troše mnogo energije.

And mind you, most of the energy

I imajte na umu, da većinu energije

is not used to transmit the radio waves,

ne koriste za slanje radio talasa,

it is used to cool the base stations.

već se koristi za hlađenje baznih stanica.

Then the efficiency of such a base station

Efikasnost takve bazne stanice

is only at about five percent.

je samo oko pet procenata.

And that creates a big problem.

I to stvara veliki problem.

Then there's another issue that you're all aware of.

Tu je još jedan problem koga ste svi svesni.

You have to switch off your mobile phone

Morate da isključite mobilne telefone

during flights.

za vreme leta avionom.

In hospitals, they are security issues.

U bolnicama, podležu pitanju bezbednosti.

And security is another issue.

I bezbednost je drugo pitanje.

These radio waves penetrate through walls.

Ti radio talasi prolaze kroz zidove.

They can be intercepted,

Mogu biti presretnuti,

and somebody can make use of your network

i neko može da koristi vašu mrežu

if he has bad intentions.

ako ima loše namere.

So these are the main four issues.

Dakle, ovo su četiri osnovna pitanja.

But on the other hand,

Ali nasuprot tome,

we have 14 billion of these:

imamo 14 milijardi ovoga:

light bulbs, light.

sijalica, svetala.

And light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

I svetlo je deo elektromagnetnog spektra.

So let's look at this in the context

Pa hajde da pogledamo ovo u kontekstu

of the entire electromagnetic spectrum, where we have gamma rays.

celokupnog elektromagnetnog spektra, gde imamo gama-zrake.

You don't want to get close to gamma rays, it could be dangerous.

Ne želite biti blizu gama-zraka, mogu biti opasni.

X-rays, useful when you go to hospitals.

Rentgenski zraci, korisni kad odete u bolnicu.

Then there's ultraviolet light.

Tu je i ultra-ljubičasto svetlo,

it's good for a nice suntan,

dobro je za lep preplanuo ten,

but otherwise dangerous for the human body.

ali je inače opasno za ljudsko telo.

Infrared --

Infra-crveno --

due to eye safety regulations,

zbog propisa o bezbednosti očiju,

can be only used with low power.

možete ih koristiti samo sa malom snagom.

And then we have the radio waves, they have the issues I've just mentioned.

I onda imamo radio talase, oni imaju probleme koje sam napomenuo.

And in the middle there, we have this visible light spectrum.

I ovde u sredini, imamo spektar vidljivog svetla.

It's light,

To je svetlo,

and light has been around for many millions of years.

i svetlo je oko nas već mnogo miliona godina.

And in fact, it has created us,

I u stvari, ono nas je i stvorilo,

has created life,

napravilo život,

has created all the stuff of life.

stvorilo sve stvari u životu.

So it's inherently safe to use.

Tako da je predviđeno za sigurnu upotrebu.

And wouldn't it be great to use that for wireless communications?

I zar ne bi bilo divno koristiti ga za bežičnu komunikaciju.

Not only that, I compared [it to] the entire spectrum.

I ne samo to, uporedio sam ceo spektar.

I compared the radio waves spectrum --

Uporedio sam opseg radio talasa --

the size of it --

i širinu istog --

with the size of the visible light spectrum.

sa širinom opsega vidljivog svetla.

And guess what?

I možete pogoditi?

We have 10,000 times more of that spectrum,

Imamo 10,000 puta širi opseg,

which is there for us to use.

koji je tu za naše korišćenje.

So not only do we have this huge amount of spectrum,

Tako da ne samo da imamo ovako širok opseg,

let's compare that with a number I've just mentioned.

nego ćemo ga uporediti sa brojem koji sam malopre pomenuo.

We have 1.4 million

Imamo 1,4 miliona

expensively deployed,

skupo raspoređenih,

inefficient radio cellular base stations.

ne efikasnih baznih stanica mobilne telefonije.

And multiply that by 10,000,

I pomnožite to sa 10,000,

then you end up at 14 billion.

tada dobijate brojku od 14 milijardi.

14 billion is the number of light bulbs installed already.

14 milijardi je broj sijalica koje su već montirane.

So we have the infrastructure there.

Tako da imamo infrastrukturu postavljenu.

Look at the ceiling, you see all these light bulbs.

Pogledajte ka plafonu, videćete sve te sijalice.

Go to the main floor, you see these light bulbs.

Pogledajte i ka bini, takođe vidite sijalice.

Can we use them for communications?

Možemo li ih koristiti za komunikaciju?

Yes.

Da.

What do we need to do?

Šta treba da uradimo?

The one thing we need to do

Jedino što moramo da uradimo

is we have to replace these inefficient incandescent light bulbs,

je da zamenimo ove neefikasne sijalice sa žarnom niti,

florescent lights,

fluorescentne cevi,

with this new technology of LED,

sa novom LED tehnologijom,

LED light bulbs.

LED sijalice. (Light Emitting Diode)

An LED is a semiconductor. It's an electronic device.

LED je poluprovodnik. To je elektronska komponenta.

And it has a very nice acute property.

I ona ima vrlo lepe opšte osobine.

Its intensity can be modulated

Njen intenzitet se može modulisati.

at very high speeds,

veoma velikim brzinama,

and it can be switched off at very high speeds.

i možete je isključivati veoma velikom brzinom.

And this is a fundamental basic property

I to je u osnovi bitna osobina

that we exploit

koju smo istraživali

with our technology.

sa našom tehnologijom.

So let's show how we do that.

Pa da vam pokažemo kako to radimo.

Let's go to the closest neighbor to the visible light spectrum --

Pođimo sa najbližim komšijama vidljivom spektru --

go to remote controls.

idemo do daljinskih upravljača.

You all know remote controls have an infrared LED --

Svi znate da daljinci imaju infracrveni LED --

basically you switch on the LED, and if it's off, you switch it off.

prosto uključite LED, ona emituje, i kada je isključite, ona ne emituje.

And it creates a simple, low-speed data stream

I ona pravi prost, prenos podataka male brzine

in 10,000 bits per second,

od 10,000 bita u sekundi,

20,000 bits per second.

20,000 bita u sekundi.

Not usable for a YouTube video.

Beskorisno i za YouTube video.

What we have done

Šta smo mi uradili

is we have developed a technology

- razvili smo tehnologiju

with which we can furthermore

sa kojom možemo nadalje

replace the remote control of our light bulb.

da zamenimo daljinski upravljač naše sijalice.

We transmit with our technology,

Mi prenosimo sa našom tehnologijom,

not only a single data stream,

ne samo jedan protok podataka,

we transmit thousands of data streams

mi prenosimo hiljade protoka podataka

in parallel,

paralelno,

at even higher speeds.

čak i većim brzinama.

And the technology we have developed --

I tehnologija koju smo razvili --

it's called SIM OFDM.

zove se SIM OFDM.

And it's spacial modulation --

I to je prostorna modulacija --

these are the only technical terms, I'm not going into details --

to su samo tehnički podaci, ne idem u detalje --

but this is how we enabled

ali to je način na koji smo omogućili

that light source

da izvor svetla

to transmit data.

prenosi podatke.

You will say, "Okay, this is nice --

Reći ćete, "U redu, to je lepo --

a slide created in 10 minutes."

to su slajdovi napravljeni za 10 minuta."

But not only that.

Ali nije samo to.

What we've done

Ono što smo uradili je da smo

is we have also developed a demonstrator.

razvili i napravili demonstrator.

And I'm showing for the first time in public

I ja po prvi put pokazujem javno

this visible light demonstrator.

ovaj demonstrator vidljivog svetla.

And what we have here

I ono što imamo ovde

is no ordinary desk lamp.

je obična stona lampa.

We fit in an LED light bulb,

Namestili smo LED sijalicu,

worth three U.S. dollars,

koja košta tri dolara,

put in our signal processing technology.

postavili našu tehnologiju procesiranja signala.

And then what we have here is a little hole.

I ono što imamo ovde je mala rupa.

And the light goes through that hole.

I svetlo ide kroz tu rupu.

There's a receiver.

Tu je prijemnik.

The receiver will convert these little, subtle changes in the amplitude

Prijemnik će te male, suptilne promene u amplitudi

that we create there

koje mi pravimo,

into an electrical signal.

pretvarati u električni signal.

And that signal is then converted back

I taj električni signal se pretvara nazad

to a high-speed data stream.

u protok podataka velike brzine.

In the future we hope

Nadamo se u budućnosti

that we can integrate this little hole

da ćemo moći spojiti ovu malu rupu

into these smart phones.

sa smart mobilnim telefonima.

And not only integrate a photo detector here,

I ne samo integrisati foto detektor ovde,

but maybe use the camera inside.

nego možda iskoristiti ugrađenu kameru.

So what happens

Šta se dešava

when I switch on that light?

kada upalim svetlo?

As you would expect,

Kao što biste očekivali,

it's a light, a desk lamp.

to je svetlo, stona lampa.

Put your book beneath it and you can read.

Stavite vašu knjigu naspram nje i možete da čitate.

It's illuminating the space.

Ona obasjava prostor.

But at the same time, you see this video coming up here.

Ali u isto vreme, vidite ovaj video koji se ovde pojavljuje.

And that's a video, a high-definition video

I taj video, je HD video (visoke definicije)

that is transmitted through that light beam.

koji je poslat kroz svetlosni snop.

You're critical.

Vi ste sumnjičavi.

You think, "Ha, ha, ha.

Mislite, "Ha, ha, ha.

This is a smart academic doing a little bit of tricks here."

Pametni akademik ovde izvodi sitne trikove."

But let me do this.

Ali dozvolite mi da uradim ovo.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Once again.

Još jednom.

Still don't believe?

Još uvek ne verujete?

It is this light

Ovo je svetlo

that transmits this high-definition video in a split stream.

koje prenosi ovaj HD video deljenim protokom.

And if you look at the light,

I ako pogledate u svetlo,

it is illuminating as you would expect.

ono osvetljava kao što biste očekivali.

You don't notice with your human eye.

Neprimetno za vaše oko.

You don't notice the subtle changes in the amplitude

Ne primećujete suptilne promene u amplitudi

that we impress onto this light bulb.

koje smo utisnuli u svetlo ove sijalice.

It's serving the purpose of illumination,

Ona služi osvetljavanju,

but at the same time, we are able to transmit this data.

ali istovremeno, u mogućnosti smo da šaljemo podatke.

And you see,

I kao što vidite,

even light from the ceiling comes down here to the receiver.

svetlo sa tavanice dolazi ovde dole u prijemnik.

It can ignore that constant light,

Prijemnik može zanemariti to konstantno svetlo,

because all the receiver's interested in

zato što jedino za šta je prijemnik zainteresovan

are subtle changes.

su suptilne promene.

You also have a critical question now, and

Imate sigurno ključno pitanje ponekad.

you say, "Okay,

Kažete, "U redu,

do I have to have the light on all the time

moram li da imam upaljeno svetlo sve vreme

to have this working?"

da bi ovo radilo?"

And the answer is yes.

I odgovor je da.

But, you can dim down the light

Ali, možete smanjiti osvetljenje

to a level that it appears to be off.

do nivoa na kome izgleda da je isključeno.

And you are still able to transmit data -- that's possible.

I još uvek ste u stanju da šaljete podatke -- moguće je.

So I've mentioned to you the four challenges.

Spomenuo sam vam četri izazova

Capacity:

Kapacitet:

We have 10,000 times more spectrum,

Imamo 10,000 puta širi opseg,

10,000 times more LEDs

10,000 puta više LED sijalica

installed already in the infrastructure there.

ugrađenih već u infrastrukturu.

You would agree with me, hopefully,

Složićete se sa mnom, na sreću,

there's no issue of capacity anymore.

nema govora o kapacitetu više.

Efficiency:

Efikasnost:

This is data through illumination --

Ovi podaci kroz osvetljenje --

it's first of all an illumination device.

pre svega je uređaj za osvetljavanje.

And if you do the energy budget,

I ako planirate budžet za energetiku,

the data transmission comes for free --

prenos podataka dolazi besplatno --

highly energy efficient.

energetski visoko efikasno.

I don't mention the high energy efficiency

Nisam spomenuo visoku energetsku efikasnost

of these LED light bulbs.

ovih LED sijalica.

If the whole world would deploy them,

Ako bi ih ceo svet upotrebio,

you would save hundreds of power plants.

sačuvao bi stotine elektrana.

That's aside.

To je po strani.

And then I've mentioned the availability.

I pomenuo sam dostupnost.

You will agree with me that we have lights in the hospital.

Složićete se sa mnom da imamo svetla po bolnicama.

You need to see what to do.

Morate da vidite šta radite.

You have lights in an aircraft.

Imate svetla u avionima.

So it's everywhere in a day there is light.

Tako je, svuda se nalazi svetlo.

Look around. Everywhere. Look at your smart phone.

Pogledajte unaokolo. Svuda. U vaše smart telefone.

It has a flashlight, an LED flashlight.

Imaju blic za kameru, LED blic.

These are potential sources for high-speed data transmission.

To su potencijalni izvori prenosa podataka visokom brzinom.

And then there's security.

I onda tu je sigurnost.

You would agree with me

Složićete se sa mnom

that light doesn't penetrate through walls.

da svetlo ne prolazi kroz zidove.

So no one, if I have a light here,

Tako da niko, ako ja imam svetlo ovde,

if I have secure data,

ako hoću bezbednost podataka,

no one on the other side of this room through that wall

niko sa druge strane ove sobe kroz onaj zid

would be able to read that data.

neće moći da prima te podatke.

And there's only data where there is light.

I tu su podaci samo gde je svetlo.

So if I don't want that receiver to receive the data,

Tako da ako ne želite da prijemnik prima podatke,

then what I could do,

onda ono što mogu da uradim,

turn it away.

okrenem na drugu stranu.

So the data goes in that direction, not there anymore.

Tako da podaci idu u onu stranu, a ne više ovde.

Now we can in fact see where the data is going to.

Sada možemo ustvari da vidimo gde podaci idu.

So for me,

Tako za mene,

the applications of it,

primena ovoga,

to me, are beyond imagination at the moment.

za mene, je veća nego što mogu trenutno zamisliti.

We have had a century of very nice, smart application developers.

Imali smo vek vrlo lepog, pametnog razvoja aplikacija.

And you only have to notice, where we have light,

I samo treba da zapamtite, gde imamo svetlo,

there is a potential way to transmit data.

tu je mogući način prenosa podataka.

But I can give you a few examples.

Ali mogu da vam ponudim par primera.

Well you may see the impact already now.

Dobro možete već da vidite uticaj već sada.

This is a remote operated vehicle

Ovo je teledirigovana podmornica

beneath the ocean.

na dnu okeana.

And they use light to illuminate space down there.

I ona koristi svetlo da osvetli prostor tamo dole.

And this light can be used to transmit wireless data

I to svetlo može da se koristi za bežični prenos podataka

that these things [use] to communicate with each other.

to te stvari koriste za međusobnu komunikaciju.

Intrinsically safe environments

Neophodno za opasna okruženja

like this petrochemical plant --

kao što su petrohemijske fabrike --

you can't use RF, it may generate antenna sparks,

ne možete koristiti radio vezu, jer može da generiše varničenje

but you can use light -- you see plenty of light there.

antene, ali možete svetlo -- vidite dosta svetla tamo.

In hospitals,

U bolnicama,

for new medical instruments;

za nove medicinske instrumente;

in streets for traffic control.

za uličnu kontrolu saobraćaja.

Cars have LED-based headlights, LED-based back lights,

Vozila imaju LED farove, LED stop svetla,

and cars can communicate with each other

i mogu da komuniciraju međusobno

and prevent accidents

i spreče nesreće

in the way that they exchange information.

na način gde razmenjuju informacije.

Traffic lights can communicate to the car and so on.

Semafori mogu komunicirati sa vozilima i tako dalje.

And then you have these millions of street lamps

I onda imate te milione uličnih svetala

deployed around the world.

rasutih po svetu.

And every street lamp could be a free access point.

I svaka ulična svetiljka može biti besplatna pristupna tačka.

We call it, in fact, a Li-Fi,

Mi to zovemo, ustvari, Li-Fi

light-fidelity.

Lajt fideliti (analogija na Hi-Fi i Wi-Fi)

And then we have these aircraft cabins.

I onda imamo kabine aviona.

There are hundreds of lights in an aircraft cabin,

U njima je na stotine svetala

and each of these lights

i svako od tih svetala

could be a potential transmitter of wireless data.

može biti potencijalni predajnik bežičnih podataka.

So you could enjoy your most favorite TED video

Tako da možete uživati u vašem omiljenom TED videu

on your long flight back home.

na dugom letu prema kući.

Online life. So that is a vision, I think, that is possible.

Život onlajn. Tako da smatram ovu zamisao mogućom.

So, all we would need to do

Prema tome, sve što treba da uradimo

is to fit a small microchip

je da ugradimo mali mikro čip

to every potential illumination device.

u svaku moguću svetiljku.

And this would then combine

I to će obezbediti kombinovanje

two basic functionalities:

dve osnovne funkcije:

illumination and wireless data transmission.

osvetljenje i bežični prenos podataka.

And it's this symbiosis that I personally believe

I ja sam lično ubeđen da ta simbioza

could solve the four essential problems

može rešiti četri osnovna problema

that face us in wireless communication these days.

sa kojima se srećemo u bežičnoj komunikaciji danas.

And in the future,

I u budućnosti,

you would not only have 14 billion light bulbs,

nećete imati samo 14 milijardi sijalica,

you may have 14 billion Li-Fis

možete imati 14 milijardi Li-Fi-ja

deployed worldwide --

postavljenih širom sveta --

for a cleaner, a greener,

za čistiju, zeleniju,

and even a brighter future.

pa čak i svetliju budućnost.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)