Wireless data from every light bulb | Harald Haas

806,748 views ใƒป 2011-08-02

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jeong-Lan Kinser ๊ฒ€ํ† : Namju Kwak
00:15
Do you know
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ๋Š”
00:17
that we have 1.4 million cellular radio masts
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ
00:20
deployed worldwide?
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140๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌด์„  ์ „ํŒŒ ๋งˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
00:22
And these are base stations.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
And we also have
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๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
00:26
more than five billion
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50์กฐ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š”
00:28
of these devices here.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
These are cellular mobile phones.
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์ด๊ฑด ํœด๋Œ€์šฉ ๋ฌด์„  ์ „ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
And with these mobile phones,
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์ด ํœด๋Œ€์šฉ ์ „ํ™”๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ,
00:35
we transmit more than 600 terabytes of data
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 600 ํ…Œ๋ผ๋ฐ”์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ
00:37
every month.
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๋งค๋‹ฌ ์ „์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
This is a 6 with 14 zeroes --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 6์— 14๊ฐœ์˜ 0์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”. --
00:41
a very large number.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํฐ ์ˆ˜์ง€์š”.
00:43
And wireless communications
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๋ฌด์„  ํ†ต์‹ ์€
00:46
has become a utility
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์ „๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
00:49
like electricity and water.
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์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ž์›์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
We use it everyday. We use it in our everyday lives now --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งค์ผ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ ์†์—์„œ --
00:54
in our private lives, in our business lives.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ ์†์—์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—…๋ฌด ์ƒํ™œ ์†์—์„œ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
And we even have to be asked sometimes, very kindly,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋”์”ฉ, ๋งค์šฐ ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ,
01:00
to switch off the mobile phone at events like this
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์ข‹์€ ์ด์œ ๋“ค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
01:02
for good reasons.
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ํœด๋Œ€ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊บผ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
And it's this importance
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„
01:07
why I decided to look into the issues
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๊ทธ ์Ÿ์ ๋“ค์„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€
01:09
that this technology has,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ธ๋ฐ,
01:11
because it's so fundamental to our lives.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
And one of the issues is capacity.
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๊ทธ ์Ÿ์ ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
The way we transmit wireless data is by using electromagnetic waves --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์„  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ „๊ธฐ์žํŒŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ,
01:19
in particular, radio waves.
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ํŠนํžˆ, ์ „ํŒŒ์— ์˜ํ•œ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:22
And radio waves are limited.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ํŒŒ๋Š” ์ œํ•œ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
They are scarce; they are expensive;
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„์Œ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
and we only have a certain range of it.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ํŠน์ • ๋ฒ”์œ„๋งŒ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
And it's this limitation
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๋ฌด์„  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์†ก์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์™€
01:32
that doesn't cope
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๋งค๋‹ฌ ์ „์†ก๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ดํŠธ์™€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ
01:34
with the demand of wireless data transmissions
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๋‹ค๋ฃจ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:36
and the number of bytes and data which are transmitted every month.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ œ์•ฝ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
And we are simply running out of spectrum.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
There's another problem.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:43
That is efficiency.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
These 1.4 million cellular radio masts, or base stations,
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์ด 140๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌด์„  ์ „ํŒŒ ๋งˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜์€
01:48
consume a lot of energy.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋ชจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
And mind you, most of the energy
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ค๊ฒƒ์€, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š”
01:52
is not used to transmit the radio waves,
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์ „ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
01:54
it is used to cool the base stations.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜์˜ ์—ด์„ ์‹ํžˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
Then the efficiency of such a base station
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ์™€๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์€
01:59
is only at about five percent.
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์•ฝ 5%์ •๋„์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
And that creates a big problem.
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์ด๋Š” ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
Then there's another issue that you're all aware of.
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
You have to switch off your mobile phone
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ๋น„ํ–‰ ๋„์ค‘์—
02:10
during flights.
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๋ฌด์„ ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊บผ์•ผํ•˜์ฃ .
02:12
In hospitals, they are security issues.
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๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ๋Š”, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณด์•ˆ์˜ ์Ÿ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
And security is another issue.
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๋ณด์•ˆ์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์Ÿ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
These radio waves penetrate through walls.
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์ด ์ „ํŒŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํˆฌ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
They can be intercepted,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ฑ„์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:22
and somebody can make use of your network
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์œ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:25
if he has bad intentions.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›ค์„ ์•…์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:27
So these are the main four issues.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ์Ÿ์ ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
But on the other hand,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด,
02:31
we have 14 billion of these:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 140์กฐ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
02:33
light bulbs, light.
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์ „๊ตฌ, ๋น›.
02:36
And light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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๋น›์€ ์ „์ž๊ธฐ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
So let's look at this in the context
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์ž, ๊ฐ๋งˆ ๊ด‘์„ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ „์ž๊ธฐ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์˜
02:41
of the entire electromagnetic spectrum, where we have gamma rays.
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๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:44
You don't want to get close to gamma rays, it could be dangerous.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฐ๋งˆ๊ด‘์„ ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์•„์š”, ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
X-rays, useful when you go to hospitals.
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X-๋ ˆ์ด๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜์ฃ .
02:49
Then there's ultraviolet light.
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์™ธ์„ ๊ด‘์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
it's good for a nice suntan,
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์ด๋Š” ์„ ํƒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ข‹์ง€๋งŒ,
02:53
but otherwise dangerous for the human body.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ธ์ฒด์—๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
Infrared --
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์ ์™ธ์„ ์€ --
02:57
due to eye safety regulations,
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์•ˆ๊ตฌ ์•ˆ์ „ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์— ์˜ํ•ด
02:59
can be only used with low power.
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๋‚ฎ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
And then we have the radio waves, they have the issues I've just mentioned.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ์ „ํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:04
And in the middle there, we have this visible light spectrum.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—๋Š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์„  ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
It's light,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น›์ด๊ณ ,
03:09
and light has been around for many millions of years.
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๋น›์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์กด์žฌํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:11
And in fact, it has created us,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
03:14
has created life,
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์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
03:16
has created all the stuff of life.
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์‚ถ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
So it's inherently safe to use.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
And wouldn't it be great to use that for wireless communications?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์„  ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
03:25
Not only that, I compared [it to] the entire spectrum.
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๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์— ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
I compared the radio waves spectrum --
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์ „ํŒŒ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„,
03:30
the size of it --
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๊ทธ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ,
03:32
with the size of the visible light spectrum.
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๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์„  ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
And guess what?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
03:36
We have 10,000 times more of that spectrum,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์˜ 10,000๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
03:39
which is there for us to use.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
So not only do we have this huge amount of spectrum,
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์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
03:45
let's compare that with a number I've just mentioned.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:47
We have 1.4 million
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 140๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜
03:49
expensively deployed,
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๊ฐ’๋น„์‹ธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ
03:51
inefficient radio cellular base stations.
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๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฌด์„  ์ „ํŒŒ ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
And multiply that by 10,000,
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ 10,000์œผ๋กœ ๊ณฑํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:56
then you end up at 14 billion.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด 140์กฐ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
14 billion is the number of light bulbs installed already.
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140์กฐ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์ „๊ตฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
So we have the infrastructure there.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:03
Look at the ceiling, you see all these light bulbs.
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์ฒœ์ •์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์ „๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ .
04:06
Go to the main floor, you see these light bulbs.
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์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์ด ์ „๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ .
04:08
Can we use them for communications?
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ†ต์‹ ์— ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:10
Yes.
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์˜ˆ.
04:12
What do we need to do?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
04:14
The one thing we need to do
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ์€
04:16
is we have to replace these inefficient incandescent light bulbs,
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์ด ๋น„ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฑ์—ด ์ „๊ตฌ,
04:19
florescent lights,
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ํ˜•๊ด‘๋“ฑ์„
04:22
with this new technology of LED,
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LED์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ,
04:24
LED light bulbs.
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LED ์ „๊ตฌ๋กœ ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
An LED is a semiconductor. It's an electronic device.
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LED๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „๊ธฐ ์žฅ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
And it has a very nice acute property.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ฒจ๋‹จ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
Its intensity can be modulated
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š”
04:35
at very high speeds,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋ณ€์กฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
04:37
and it can be switched off at very high speeds.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊บผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
And this is a fundamental basic property
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
04:42
that we exploit
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•œ
04:44
with our technology.
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์†์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
So let's show how we do that.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:49
Let's go to the closest neighbor to the visible light spectrum --
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๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์„  ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ด์›ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค,
04:51
go to remote controls.
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์›๊ฒฉ ์กฐ์ •๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:53
You all know remote controls have an infrared LED --
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์›๊ฒฉ ์กฐ์ •๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ ์™ธ์„  LED๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
04:55
basically you switch on the LED, and if it's off, you switch it off.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ LED์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ผœ๊ณ , ๋งŒ์ผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊บผ์ ธ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
And it creates a simple, low-speed data stream
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ €์† ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
05:01
in 10,000 bits per second,
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์ดˆ๋‹น 10,000 ๋น„ํŠธ๋‚˜,
05:03
20,000 bits per second.
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์ดˆ๋‹น 20,000 ๋น„ํŠธ์ฃ .
05:05
Not usable for a YouTube video.
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์œ ํˆฌ๋ธŒ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:07
What we have done
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
05:09
is we have developed a technology
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „๊ตฌ์˜ ์›๊ฒฉ ์กฐ์ •๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
05:12
with which we can furthermore
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๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
05:15
replace the remote control of our light bulb.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
We transmit with our technology,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
05:19
not only a single data stream,
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๋‹จ์ผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ์„ ์ „์†กํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:21
we transmit thousands of data streams
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ์„
05:23
in parallel,
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๋ณ‘๋ ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์†กํ•˜์ง€์š”,
05:25
at even higher speeds.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋” ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ์š”.
05:27
And the technology we have developed --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
05:29
it's called SIM OFDM.
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SIM OFDM ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
And it's spacial modulation --
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ณ€์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
these are the only technical terms, I'm not going into details --
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ์šฉ์–ด๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
05:36
but this is how we enabled
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
05:38
that light source
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๊ด‘์ž์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ
05:40
to transmit data.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
You will say, "Okay, this is nice --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€, "์ข‹์•„, ์ด๊ฒƒ ์ฐธ ์ข‹๊ตฐ --
05:46
a slide created in 10 minutes."
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10๋ถ„๋งŒ์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ ํ•œ์žฅ์ด์ž–์•„."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:48
But not only that.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
What we've done
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
05:52
is we have also developed a demonstrator.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ‘œ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
And I'm showing for the first time in public
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์ €๋Š”์ด ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์„  ํ‘œ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
05:57
this visible light demonstrator.
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์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ค‘๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
And what we have here
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:01
is no ordinary desk lamp.
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ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ƒ ๋žจํ”„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
We fit in an LED light bulb,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธํ™” 3๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์งœ๋ฆฌ ์ „๊ตฌ๋ฅผ
06:06
worth three U.S. dollars,
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์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ ,
06:09
put in our signal processing technology.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
And then what we have here is a little hole.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ž‘์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
And the light goes through that hole.
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๋น›์ด ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
There's a receiver.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ตฐ์š”.
06:18
The receiver will convert these little, subtle changes in the amplitude
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๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ๋Š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ
06:21
that we create there
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์ง„ํญ ์ƒ์˜ ์ž‘๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ
06:23
into an electrical signal.
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์ „๊ธฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
And that signal is then converted back
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๊ทธ ํ›„ ๊ทธ ์ „๊ธฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๊ณ ์† ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ
06:27
to a high-speed data stream.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
In the future we hope
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ํ–ฅํ›„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
06:31
that we can integrate this little hole
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์ด ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ๋“ค์— ์ด ์ž‘์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„
06:33
into these smart phones.
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ํ†ตํ•ฉ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
And not only integrate a photo detector here,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ด‘๊ฒ์ถœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:39
but maybe use the camera inside.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
So what happens
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋น›์„ ์ผค ๋•Œ
06:45
when I switch on that light?
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๊นŒ์š”?
06:50
As you would expect,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด,
06:52
it's a light, a desk lamp.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ „๋“ฑ, ์ฑ…์ƒ ๋žจํ”„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
Put your book beneath it and you can read.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ๊ทธ ์•„๋ž˜์— ๋†“์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ฝ์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:57
It's illuminating the space.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฐํ˜€์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:59
But at the same time, you see this video coming up here.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‹œ์—, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
And that's a video, a high-definition video
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ๊ด‘์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „์†ก๋˜๋Š”
07:06
that is transmitted through that light beam.
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๋น„๋””์˜ค, ๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
You're critical.
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๋น„ํŒ์ ์ด์‹œ๊ตฐ์š”.
07:10
You think, "Ha, ha, ha.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€, "ํ•˜ํ•˜ํ•˜.
07:12
This is a smart academic doing a little bit of tricks here."
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ํŠธ๋ฆญ์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์“ธ ์ค„ ์•„๋Š” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด๊ตฐ์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
But let me do this.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ„์† ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
07:19
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
07:24
Once again.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์š”.
07:27
Still don't believe?
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์•ˆ๋ฏฟ์œผ์„ธ์š”?
07:30
It is this light
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„์˜ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ถ„ํ• ๋œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ
07:32
that transmits this high-definition video in a split stream.
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์ „์†กํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ „๋“ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
And if you look at the light,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ ์ „๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด,
07:39
it is illuminating as you would expect.
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๊ทธ ์ „๋“ฑ์€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋น›์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
You don't notice with your human eye.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
You don't notice the subtle changes in the amplitude
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์ด ์ „๊ตฌ ์ƒ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ
07:46
that we impress onto this light bulb.
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์ง„ํญ ์ƒ์˜ ๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
It's serving the purpose of illumination,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์กฐ๋ช…์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
07:51
but at the same time, we are able to transmit this data.
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๋™์‹œ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
And you see,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ฒœ์žฅ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค์˜ค๋Š” ๊ท ์ผํ•œ ๋น›์„
07:56
even light from the ceiling comes down here to the receiver.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
It can ignore that constant light,
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์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋น›์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:02
because all the receiver's interested in
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€
08:04
are subtle changes.
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๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:09
You also have a critical question now, and
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ข…์ข… ๋น„ํŒ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ .
08:11
you say, "Okay,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€, "์ข‹์•„,
08:13
do I have to have the light on all the time
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
08:15
to have this working?"
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ ๋น›์„ ์ผœ๋†“์•„์•ผ ํ•ด?"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ .
08:17
And the answer is yes.
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ "์˜ˆ" ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
But, you can dim down the light
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊บผ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€
08:23
to a level that it appears to be off.
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๊ทธ ๋น›์„ ์–ด๋‘ก๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
And you are still able to transmit data -- that's possible.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -- ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€์š”.
08:28
So I've mentioned to you the four challenges.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ €๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋„์ „ ๊ณผ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
Capacity:
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์ˆ˜์šฉ๋ ฅ:
08:33
We have 10,000 times more spectrum,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” 10,000๋ฐฐ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ,
08:35
10,000 times more LEDs
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10,000๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ LED๋ฅผ
08:37
installed already in the infrastructure there.
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์ธํ”„๋ผ์— ์ด๋ฏธ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
You would agree with me, hopefully,
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๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ฑด๋Œ€ ์ €๊ฒŒ ๋™์˜ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
there's no issue of capacity anymore.
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๋”์ด์ƒ์€ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
Efficiency:
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ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ:
08:45
This is data through illumination --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์กฐ๋ช…์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
08:47
it's first of all an illumination device.
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์กฐ๋ช…์žฅ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
And if you do the energy budget,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ์งœ๋Š”๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
08:52
the data transmission comes for free --
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์†ก์€ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
08:54
highly energy efficient.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํ•˜์ง€์š”.
08:56
I don't mention the high energy efficiency
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์ €๋Š” ์ด LED ์ „๊ตฌ๋“ค์˜
08:58
of these LED light bulbs.
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๋†’์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
If the whole world would deploy them,
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๋งŒ์ผ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ด ๊ทธ๊ฑธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:02
you would save hundreds of power plants.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
That's aside.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฉด์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
And then I've mentioned the availability.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์ €๋Š” ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
You will agree with me that we have lights in the hospital.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ณ‘์›์— ์ „๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
You need to see what to do.
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ• ์ง€ ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
09:14
You have lights in an aircraft.
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๋น„ํ–‰์ฒด์— ๋น›์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
So it's everywhere in a day there is light.
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์ฆ‰ ์–ด๋””์—๋“ ์ง€ ๋น›์ด ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
09:18
Look around. Everywhere. Look at your smart phone.
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๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์–ด๋””์—๋“ ์ง€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
09:21
It has a flashlight, an LED flashlight.
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ํ”Œ๋ž˜์‹œ, LED ํ”Œ๋ž˜์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
These are potential sources for high-speed data transmission.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ์† ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์†ก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์›์ฒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
And then there's security.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
You would agree with me
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋น›์ด ๋ฒฝ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์—
09:32
that light doesn't penetrate through walls.
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๋™์˜ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
So no one, if I have a light here,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„, ๋งŒ์ผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋น›์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
09:37
if I have secure data,
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•ˆํ™” ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:39
no one on the other side of this room through that wall
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๋ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด ๋ฐฉ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŽธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„
09:41
would be able to read that data.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
And there's only data where there is light.
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๋น›์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
09:46
So if I don't want that receiver to receive the data,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
09:50
then what I could do,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
09:54
turn it away.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
So the data goes in that direction, not there anymore.
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์ฆ‰ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋”์ด์ƒ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:59
Now we can in fact see where the data is going to.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
So for me,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด
10:08
the applications of it,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
10:11
to me, are beyond imagination at the moment.
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ, ์ƒ์ƒ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
We have had a century of very nice, smart application developers.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋™์•ˆ ๋งค์šฐ ํ›Œ๋ฃกํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
And you only have to notice, where we have light,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”, ๋น›์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—
10:22
there is a potential way to transmit data.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•  ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
But I can give you a few examples.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๋ช‡๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆด์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
Well you may see the impact already now.
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์Œ, ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ณด์…จ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
10:32
This is a remote operated vehicle
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ด์ €์—์„œ
10:34
beneath the ocean.
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์›๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜๋˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
And they use light to illuminate space down there.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋น›์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
And this light can be used to transmit wireless data
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์„  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ
10:41
that these things [use] to communicate with each other.
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์ „์†กํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ๋น›์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
Intrinsically safe environments
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์ด ์„์œ ํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ณต์žฅ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
10:46
like this petrochemical plant --
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋Š”
10:48
you can't use RF, it may generate antenna sparks,
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RF๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์ŠคํŒŒํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:51
but you can use light -- you see plenty of light there.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น›์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค -- ์ €๊ธฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๋น›์ด ๋ณด์ด์ฃ ?
10:54
In hospitals,
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๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ๋Š”,
10:56
for new medical instruments;
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜ํ•™ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ;
10:59
in streets for traffic control.
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตํ†ต ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ.
11:02
Cars have LED-based headlights, LED-based back lights,
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์ฐจ์—๋Š” LED ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ „์กฐ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , LED ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ›„๋ฏธ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ ,
11:05
and cars can communicate with each other
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์ฐจ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
11:07
and prevent accidents
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ตํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
11:10
in the way that they exchange information.
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์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
Traffic lights can communicate to the car and so on.
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์‹ ํ˜ธ๋“ฑ์€ ์ฐจ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
And then you have these millions of street lamps
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์„ค์น˜๋œ
11:19
deployed around the world.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋“ฑ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:22
And every street lamp could be a free access point.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋“ฑ์€ ๊ณต์งœ ์•ก์„ธ์Šค ํฌ์ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
We call it, in fact, a Li-Fi,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ผ์ด-ํŒŒ์ด(Li-Fi),
11:26
light-fidelity.
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๊ด‘-์ถฉ์‹ค๋„(light-fidelity)๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
And then we have these aircraft cabins.
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„ํ–‰์ฒด ์„ ์‹ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
There are hundreds of lights in an aircraft cabin,
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๋น„ํ–‰์ฒด ์„ ์‹ค์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋น›์ด ์žˆ๊ณ ,
11:36
and each of these lights
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์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋น›์€
11:38
could be a potential transmitter of wireless data.
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๋ฌด์„  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์ „์†ก๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
So you could enjoy your most favorite TED video
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๋ ค๋ถ„์€ ๊ธด ๋น„ํ–‰์—์„œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๋„์ค‘์—
11:44
on your long flight back home.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” TED ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
11:46
Online life. So that is a vision, I think, that is possible.
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์‚ถ. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋น„์ „์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
So, all we would need to do
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
11:57
is to fit a small microchip
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ž ์žฌ์  ์กฐ๋ช… ์žฅ์น˜์—
11:59
to every potential illumination device.
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์ž‘์€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์นฉ์„ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
And this would then combine
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„
12:05
two basic functionalities:
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๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
12:07
illumination and wireless data transmission.
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์กฐ๋ช…๊ณผ ๋ฌด์„  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์†ก.
12:09
And it's this symbiosis that I personally believe
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ฌด์„  ํ†ต์‹  ์†์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
12:12
could solve the four essential problems
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
12:14
that face us in wireless communication these days.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ๊ณต์ƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
And in the future,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š”,
12:19
you would not only have 14 billion light bulbs,
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140์กฐ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
12:22
you may have 14 billion Li-Fis
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์ด๊ณ 
12:25
deployed worldwide --
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๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฐ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
12:27
for a cleaner, a greener,
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์„ค์น˜๋œ
12:29
and even a brighter future.
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140์กฐ ๊ฐœ์˜ Li-Fi๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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