Wireless data from every light bulb | Harald Haas

Translator: Erik Ušaj Reviewer: Tilen Pigac - EFZG

Do you know

Ali ste vedeli,

that we have 1.4 million cellular radio masts

da je na svetu postavljenih 1,4 miljona radijskih

deployed worldwide?

stolpov za mobilna omrežja?

And these are base stations.

In to so zgolj bazne postaje.

And we also have

Imamo tudi

more than five billion

več kot pet milijard

of these devices here.

teh napravic.

These are cellular mobile phones.

To so mobilni telefoni.

And with these mobile phones,

In s temi mobilnimi telefoni,

we transmit more than 600 terabytes of data

vsak mesec prenesemo več kot

every month.

600 terabajtov podatkov.

This is a 6 with 14 zeroes --

To je 6 in 14 ničel --

a very large number.

zelo velika številka.

And wireless communications

In brezžične komunikacije

has become a utility

so postale dobrina

like electricity and water.

kot elektrika in voda.

We use it everyday. We use it in our everyday lives now --

Uporabljamo jih vsak dan. Uporabljamo jo v našem vsakdanjem življenju --

in our private lives, in our business lives.

v svojem zasebnem in poslovnem življenju.

And we even have to be asked sometimes, very kindly,

In včasih nas morajo na dogodkih, kot je te, prijazno vprašati,

to switch off the mobile phone at events like this

če lahko izključimo mobilne telefone

for good reasons.

z dobrim razlogom.

And it's this importance

In zaradi tega

why I decided to look into the issues

sem se odločil, da pogledam probleme,

that this technology has,

ki jih ima ta tehnologija,

because it's so fundamental to our lives.

ker je postala tako osnovna v našem življenju.

And one of the issues is capacity.

En problem je zmogljivost.

The way we transmit wireless data is by using electromagnetic waves --

Brezžične podatke prenašamo s pomočjo elektromagnetnega valovanja --

in particular, radio waves.

še posebej, radijskih valov.

And radio waves are limited.

In radijski valovi so omejeni.

They are scarce; they are expensive;

So redki, dragi,

and we only have a certain range of it.

in imamo samo določeno območje spektra.

And it's this limitation

In prav ta omejitev

that doesn't cope

ne dohaja

with the demand of wireless data transmissions

zahtev po brezžičnem prenosu podatkov

and the number of bytes and data which are transmitted every month.

in številu bajtov in podatkov, ki jih prenesemo vsak mesec.

And we are simply running out of spectrum.

In preprosto nam primanjkuje frekvenčnega spektra.

There's another problem.

Tu je še druga težava.

That is efficiency.

To je učinkovitost.

These 1.4 million cellular radio masts, or base stations,

Teh 1,4 milijona radijskih stolpov ali baznih postaj

consume a lot of energy.

porabi veliko energije.

And mind you, most of the energy

In pazite, večina te energije

is not used to transmit the radio waves,

se ne porablja za oddajanje radijskih valov,

it is used to cool the base stations.

temveč za hlajenje baznih postaj.

Then the efficiency of such a base station

S tem je učinkovitost take postaje

is only at about five percent.

zgolj okrog pet procentov.

And that creates a big problem.

In to predstavlja velik problem.

Then there's another issue that you're all aware of.

Tu je še ena težava, ki se je vsi zavedamo.

You have to switch off your mobile phone

Telefone moramo izključiti

during flights.

med letalskimi leti.

In hospitals, they are security issues.

V bolnišnicah predstavljajo varnostni problem.

And security is another issue.

In varnost je še en problem.

These radio waves penetrate through walls.

Radijski valovi prehajajo skozi zidove.

They can be intercepted,

So lahko prestreženi,

and somebody can make use of your network

in nekdo se lahko poslužuje vašega omrežja,

if he has bad intentions.

če ima slabe namene.

So these are the main four issues.

To so trije glavni problemi.

But on the other hand,

Po drugi strani

we have 14 billion of these:

imamo 14 miljard teh:

light bulbs, light.

žarnic, sijalk.

And light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

In svetloba je del elektromagnetnega spektra.

So let's look at this in the context

Torej poglejmo to v kontekstu

of the entire electromagnetic spectrum, where we have gamma rays.

celotnega elektromagnetnega spektra, kjer imamo gama žarke.

You don't want to get close to gamma rays, it could be dangerous.

In nočemo se približati žarkom gama, ker je to lahko nevarno.

X-rays, useful when you go to hospitals.

Rentgenski žarki so uporabni v bolnišnicah.

Then there's ultraviolet light.

In tu je ultravijolična svetloba,

it's good for a nice suntan,

ki pripomore do lepega tena,

but otherwise dangerous for the human body.

a je sicer škodljiva človeškemu telesu.

Infrared --

Infrardeča --

due to eye safety regulations,

zaradi predpisov varovanja oči,

can be only used with low power.

se lahko uporablja le pri nizki moči.

And then we have the radio waves, they have the issues I've just mentioned.

In potem imamo radijske valove s težavami, ki smo jih ravnokar našteli.

And in the middle there, we have this visible light spectrum.

In tu v sredini imamo spekter vidne svetlobe.

It's light,

To je svetloba,

and light has been around for many millions of years.

ki nas obkroža že več milijonov let.

And in fact, it has created us,

Pravzaprav, nas je ustvarila,

has created life,

ustvarila je življenje,

has created all the stuff of life.

in ustvarila je stvari, od katerih živimo.

So it's inherently safe to use.

Tako je sama po sebi varna za uporabo.

And wouldn't it be great to use that for wireless communications?

In bilo bi krasno, če bi jo uporabili za brezžične komunikacije.

Not only that, I compared [it to] the entire spectrum.

Ne samo to, primerjal sem jo s celotnim spektrom.

I compared the radio waves spectrum --

Primerjal sem spekter radijskih valov --

the size of it --

velikost tega --

with the size of the visible light spectrum.

z velikostjo spektra vidne svetlobe.

And guess what?

In veste kaj?

We have 10,000 times more of that spectrum,

Imamo 10.000-krat več spektra,

which is there for us to use.

ki čaka, da ga uporabimo.

So not only do we have this huge amount of spectrum,

Ne samo, da imamo ta ogromen pas spektra,

let's compare that with a number I've just mentioned.

primerjajmo ga s številom, ki sem ga omenil.

We have 1.4 million

Imamo 1,4 milijonov

expensively deployed,

postavljenih dragih in

inefficient radio cellular base stations.

neučinkovitih radijskih baznih postaj.

And multiply that by 10,000,

Pomnožite to z 10.000,

then you end up at 14 billion.

in dobite 14 milijard.

14 billion is the number of light bulbs installed already.

14 milijard je število nameščenih sijalk.

So we have the infrastructure there.

Torej imamo infrastrukturo.

Look at the ceiling, you see all these light bulbs.

Poglejte v strop, vidite vse te sijalke.

Go to the main floor, you see these light bulbs.

Stopite v pritličje, vidite te sijalke.

Can we use them for communications?

Jih lahko uporabimo za komunikacijo?

Yes.

Da.

What do we need to do?

Kaj moramo torej storiti?

The one thing we need to do

Ena stvar, ki jo moramo narediti

is we have to replace these inefficient incandescent light bulbs,

je, da zamenjamo te neučinkovite žarilne sijalke in

florescent lights,

fluorescentne sijalke

with this new technology of LED,

s to novo tehnologijo LED,

LED light bulbs.

LED sijalk.

An LED is a semiconductor. It's an electronic device.

In LED je polprevodnik. Je elektronska naprava.

And it has a very nice acute property.

In ima zelo lepo last lastnost.

Its intensity can be modulated

Intenzivnost lahko moduliramo

at very high speeds,

z zelo velikimi hitrostmi,

and it can be switched off at very high speeds.

in lahko jih preklapljamo pri zelo velikih hitrostih.

And this is a fundamental basic property

In to je pomembna osnovna lastnost,

that we exploit

raziskana

with our technology.

z našo tehnologijo.

So let's show how we do that.

Poglejmo si, kako to naredimo.

Let's go to the closest neighbor to the visible light spectrum --

Obiščimo najbližje sosede vidnega spektra svetlobe --

go to remote controls.

poglejmo daljinske upravljalnike.

You all know remote controls have an infrared LED --

Vsi vemo, da daljinci imajo infrardečo diodo LED --

basically you switch on the LED, and if it's off, you switch it off.

v osnovi vklopimo diodo LED, in je izključena, ko jo izključimo.

And it creates a simple, low-speed data stream

To ustvarja preprost počasen tok podatkov

in 10,000 bits per second,

v 10.000 bitih na sekundo,

20,000 bits per second.

20.000 bitih na sekundo.

Not usable for a YouTube video.

Neuporabno za predvajanje YouTube videa.

What we have done

In kaj smo naredili,

is we have developed a technology

razvili smo tehnologijo,

with which we can furthermore

s katero lahko bolje

replace the remote control of our light bulb.

nadomestimo daljinsko upravljanje naše sijalke.

We transmit with our technology,

Z našo tehnologijo lahko oddajamo

not only a single data stream,

več kot en sam tok podatkov,

we transmit thousands of data streams

oddajamo lahko na tisoče vzporednih

in parallel,

podatkovnih tokov,

at even higher speeds.

z še višjimi hitrostmi.

And the technology we have developed --

In tehnologija, ki smo jo razvili --

it's called SIM OFDM.

se imenuje SIM OFDM.

And it's spacial modulation --

Gre za prostorsko modulacijo --

these are the only technical terms, I'm not going into details --

naj to ostanejo edini tehnični pojmi, ne bom se spuščal v podrobnosti --

but this is how we enabled

toda to je kako smo omogočili,

that light source

da vir svetlobe

to transmit data.

prenaša podatke.

You will say, "Okay, this is nice --

Rekli boste, "V redu, to je lepo --

a slide created in 10 minutes."

v desetih minutah pripravljene prosojnice".

But not only that.

Ne samo to.

What we've done

Kar smo naredili

is we have also developed a demonstrator.

je tudi prikaz delovanja tehnologije.

And I'm showing for the first time in public

In prvič v javnosti vam

this visible light demonstrator.

to tudi prikazujem.

And what we have here

Kar imam pred seboj

is no ordinary desk lamp.

je običajna namizna svetilka.

We fit in an LED light bulb,

Opremili smo jo z LED sijalko,

worth three U.S. dollars,

vrednosti treh ameriških dolarjev,

put in our signal processing technology.

in dodano našo tehnologijo procesiranja signalov.

And then what we have here is a little hole.

In kar imamo tukaj, je majhna luknjica.

And the light goes through that hole.

Skozi katero prehaja svetloba.

There's a receiver.

Tu notri je sprejemnik.

The receiver will convert these little, subtle changes in the amplitude

Sprejemnik bo pretvoril majhne in subtilne spremembe amplitude,

that we create there

ki jo ustvarjamo

into an electrical signal.

v električni signal.

And that signal is then converted back

In ta signal je potem ponovno pretvorjen

to a high-speed data stream.

v tok podatkov visoke hitrosti.

In the future we hope

Upamo, da bomo v prihodnosti

that we can integrate this little hole

lahko integrirali tole malo luknjico

into these smart phones.

v te pametne telefone.

And not only integrate a photo detector here,

In ne samo vgradili detektor svetlobe,

but maybe use the camera inside.

morda celo uporabili vgrajeno kamero.

So what happens

In kaj se zgodi,

when I switch on that light?

ko vključim to luč?

As you would expect,

Kot pričakujete,

it's a light, a desk lamp.

gre za namizno svetilko.

Put your book beneath it and you can read.

Če jo postavite nad knjigo, jo lahko berete.

It's illuminating the space.

Osvetljuje prostor.

But at the same time, you see this video coming up here.

Toda obenem, lahko vidimo ta video.

And that's a video, a high-definition video

In to je video visoke ločljivosti HD,

that is transmitted through that light beam.

ki ga oddajamo skozi ta snop svetlobe.

You're critical.

Ste kritični,

You think, "Ha, ha, ha.

in si mislite: "Ha ha ha,

This is a smart academic doing a little bit of tricks here."

ta akademik izvaja male trike".

But let me do this.

A naj naredim tole.

(Applause)

(Aplavz)

Once again.

Še enkrat.

Still don't believe?

Še vedno ne verjamete?

It is this light

Prav ta luč

that transmits this high-definition video in a split stream.

oddaja ta HD-video.

And if you look at the light,

In če pogledate to luč,

it is illuminating as you would expect.

osvetljuje prostor, kot tudi pričakujemo.

You don't notice with your human eye.

Neopazno za človeško oko.

You don't notice the subtle changes in the amplitude

Ne zaznamo subtilnih sprememb amplitude,

that we impress onto this light bulb.

ki smo jih vtisnili v to sijalko.

It's serving the purpose of illumination,

Služi namenu osvetljave,

but at the same time, we are able to transmit this data.

a obenem omogoča, da prenašamo te podatke.

And you see,

In kot pravkar vidite,

even light from the ceiling comes down here to the receiver.

tudi svetloba iz stropa pride do sprejemnika.

It can ignore that constant light,

Sprejemnik lahko to konstantno svetlobo spregleda,

because all the receiver's interested in

ker ga zanimajo zgolj te

are subtle changes.

subtilne spremembe.

You also have a critical question now, and

Tu in tam lahko postavite tudi kritična vprašanja.

you say, "Okay,

Vprašate "V redu,

do I have to have the light on all the time

torej moramo imeti vedno prižgano luč,

to have this working?"

če želimo da to deluje?"

And the answer is yes.

In odgovor je pritrdilen.

But, you can dim down the light

A lahko zmanjšamo nivo svetlobe

to a level that it appears to be off.

do te mere, da luč zgleda kot ugasnjena.

And you are still able to transmit data -- that's possible.

In še vedno bomo lahko prenašali podatke -- to je možno.

So I've mentioned to you the four challenges.

Prej sem vam naštel štiri izzive.

Capacity:

Zmogljivost:

We have 10,000 times more spectrum,

Na voljo imamo 10.000-krat večji spekter,

10,000 times more LEDs

10.000-krat več že nameščenih

installed already in the infrastructure there.

LED-svetil v naši infrastrukturi.

You would agree with me, hopefully,

Upam, da se strinjate z menoj,

there's no issue of capacity anymore.

da smo opravili z zmogljivostjo.

Efficiency:

Učinkovitost:

This is data through illumination --

Gre za podatke skozi osvetlitev --

it's first of all an illumination device.

to je v prvi vrsti svetilo.

And if you do the energy budget,

In če imate proračun za osvetljavo,

the data transmission comes for free --

je prenos podatkov dodan brezplačno --

highly energy efficient.

visoka energijska učinkovitost.

I don't mention the high energy efficiency

Niti ne omenjam visoke učinkovitosti

of these LED light bulbs.

teh LED-sijalk.

If the whole world would deploy them,

Če bi jih uporabljal cel svet,

you would save hundreds of power plants.

bi lahko prihranili energijo nekaj sto elektrarn.

That's aside.

Za ob stran.

And then I've mentioned the availability.

In omenil sem razpoložljivost.

You will agree with me that we have lights in the hospital.

Strinjali se boste z menoj, da imamo luči v bolnišnicah.

You need to see what to do.

Vidite, da jih imamo.

You have lights in an aircraft.

Imamo luči v letalih.

So it's everywhere in a day there is light.

Torej povsod, kjer je svetlo.

Look around. Everywhere. Look at your smart phone.

Zazrite se okrog. Povsod. Poglejte svoj telefon.

It has a flashlight, an LED flashlight.

Ima bliskavico, LED-bliskavico.

These are potential sources for high-speed data transmission.

To so potencialni viri širokopasovnih prenosov podatkov.

And then there's security.

Potem je tu še varnost.

You would agree with me

Strinjali se boste z menoj,

that light doesn't penetrate through walls.

da luč ne prodira skozi zidove.

So no one, if I have a light here,

Torej nihče, če imam svetlobo tukaj,

if I have secure data,

in imam občutljive podatke,

no one on the other side of this room through that wall

nihče na drugi strani te sobe, onkraj tistega zidu,

would be able to read that data.

ne more prebrati teh podatkov.

And there's only data where there is light.

In podatki so le, kjer je svetloba.

So if I don't want that receiver to receive the data,

Če ne želite, da sprejemnik sprejema podatke,

then what I could do,

lahko vir svetlobe

turn it away.

preprosto obrnemo drugam.

So the data goes in that direction, not there anymore.

Tako gredo podatki v to smer in nič več v tisto.

Now we can in fact see where the data is going to.

Sedaj lahko pravzaprav vidimo, kam pošiljamo podatke.

So for me,

Vsaj zame

the applications of it,

aplikacijske vrednosti

to me, are beyond imagination at the moment.

presegajo trenutno domišljijo.

We have had a century of very nice, smart application developers.

Imeli smo prijetno stoletje, pametnih razvijalcev.

And you only have to notice, where we have light,

Velja pomisliti le, da kjer imamo svetlobo,

there is a potential way to transmit data.

imamo potencialen nov način prenosa podatkov.

But I can give you a few examples.

Lahko vam podam nekaj primerov.

Well you may see the impact already now.

Morda si boste lažje predstavljali posledice.

This is a remote operated vehicle

To je daljinsko upravljano plovilo

beneath the ocean.

v globinah oceanov.

And they use light to illuminate space down there.

In uporablja svetlobo za osvetlitev okolice.

And this light can be used to transmit wireless data

Isto svetlobo lahko uporabimo tudi za brezžični prenos podatkov,

that these things [use] to communicate with each other.

ki so potrebni, za medsebojno komunikacijo.

Intrinsically safe environments

Okolja, ki zahtevajo varnost,

like this petrochemical plant --

kot je tale petrokemični obrat --

you can't use RF, it may generate antenna sparks,

ne smemo uporabljati radijskih frekvenc, ker antena lahko proži iskrenje,

but you can use light -- you see plenty of light there.

a lahko uporabimo svetlobo. Kot vidite tu je veliko svetlobe.

In hospitals,

V bolnišnicah,

for new medical instruments;

za nove medicinske instrumente,

in streets for traffic control.

na cestah za nadzor prometa.

Cars have LED-based headlights, LED-based back lights,

Avtomobili imajo prednje in zadnje LED-luči

and cars can communicate with each other

in avtomobili bi lahko s tem komunicirali med seboj

and prevent accidents

in s pomočjo izmenjave podatkov

in the way that they exchange information.

preprečevali nesreče.

Traffic lights can communicate to the car and so on.

Semaforji lahko komunicirajo z avtomobili in tako naprej.

And then you have these millions of street lamps

In tu imamo na milijone cestnih luči

deployed around the world.

širom sveta.

And every street lamp could be a free access point.

In vsaka cestna luč je lahko brezplačna dostopna točka.

We call it, in fact, a Li-Fi,

Pravzaprav to imenujemo Li-Fi

light-fidelity.

(light-fidelity).

And then we have these aircraft cabins.

Podobno imamo v kabinah letal

There are hundreds of lights in an aircraft cabin,

na stotine lučk in

and each of these lights

vsaka izmed teh lučk

could be a potential transmitter of wireless data.

je lahko potencialen oddajnik brezžičnih podatkov.

So you could enjoy your most favorite TED video

Lahko bi uživali v vašem priljubljenem TED videu

on your long flight back home.

na dolgem letu nazaj domov.

Online life. So that is a vision, I think, that is possible.

Povezano življenje. Verjamem da je vizija mogoča.

So, all we would need to do

Vse, kar potrebujemo je,

is to fit a small microchip

da vgradimo mali mikročip

to every potential illumination device.

v vsako potencialno svetilo.

And this would then combine

In to bi združevalo

two basic functionalities:

dve osnovni funkciji:

illumination and wireless data transmission.

osvetljavo in brezžičen prenos podatkov.

And it's this symbiosis that I personally believe

In osebno verjamem, da lahko ta simbioza

could solve the four essential problems

reši bistvene probleme,

that face us in wireless communication these days.

s katerimi se soočamo pri današnji brezžični komunikaciji.

And in the future,

In v prihodnje

you would not only have 14 billion light bulbs,

ne bomo imeli zgolj 14 milijard sijalk,

you may have 14 billion Li-Fis

ampak 14 milijard sijalk Li-Fi

deployed worldwide --

širom sveta --

for a cleaner, a greener,

za bolj čisto, bolj zeleno

and even a brighter future.

in še svetlejši jutri.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplavz)