Wireless data from every light bulb | Harald Haas

807,347 views ใƒป 2011-08-02

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
Do you know
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ื”ืื ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
00:17
that we have 1.4 million cellular radio masts
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 1.4 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชืจื ื™ื ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
00:20
deployed worldwide?
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ืคืจื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื?
00:22
And these are base stations.
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ื•ืืœื” ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก.
00:24
And we also have
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื
00:26
more than five billion
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“
00:28
of these devices here.
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ืžื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
00:30
These are cellular mobile phones.
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ืืœื” ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื™ื.
00:33
And with these mobile phones,
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ื•ืขื ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
00:35
we transmit more than 600 terabytes of data
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื“ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž600 ื˜ืจื”ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข
00:37
every month.
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ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ.
00:39
This is a 6 with 14 zeroes --
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ื–ื” 6 ืขื 14 ืืคืกื™ื --
00:41
a very large number.
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ืžืกืคืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
00:43
And wireless communications
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ื•ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ืช
00:46
has become a utility
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ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืžืฆืจืš
00:49
like electricity and water.
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ื›ืžื• ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ืžื™ื.
00:51
We use it everyday. We use it in our everyday lives now --
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• --
00:54
in our private lives, in our business lives.
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ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื.
00:56
And we even have to be asked sometimes, very kindly,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืชื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช,
01:00
to switch off the mobile phone at events like this
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ืœื›ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืืจื•ืขื™ื ื›ืžื• ื–ื”
01:02
for good reasons.
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ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
01:05
And it's this importance
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•
01:07
why I decided to look into the issues
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ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
01:09
that this technology has,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•,
01:11
because it's so fundamental to our lives.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ืฉืจืฉืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
01:14
And one of the issues is capacity.
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ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื•ื ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืคืก.
01:16
The way we transmit wireless data is by using electromagnetic waves --
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื“ืจื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ืœื™ื ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื --
01:19
in particular, radio waves.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ, ื’ืœื™ ืจื“ื™ื•.
01:22
And radio waves are limited.
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ื•ื’ืœื™ ืจื“ื™ื• ื”ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื.
01:24
They are scarce; they are expensive;
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ื”ื ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ืจ; ื”ื ื™ืงืจื™ื;
01:26
and we only have a certain range of it.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืจืง ืชื—ื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื.
01:30
And it's this limitation
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื” ื”ื–ื•
01:32
that doesn't cope
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ืฉืœื ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ืช
01:34
with the demand of wireless data transmissions
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ืขื ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื™ื“ืข ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™
01:36
and the number of bytes and data which are transmitted every month.
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ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื“ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ.
01:39
And we are simply running out of spectrum.
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ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื’ืžืจ ืœื ื• ื”ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื.
01:41
There's another problem.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื”.
01:43
That is efficiency.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.
01:45
These 1.4 million cellular radio masts, or base stations,
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1.4 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืจื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืื• ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก,
01:48
consume a lot of energy.
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ืฆื•ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
01:50
And mind you, most of the energy
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ื•ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
01:52
is not used to transmit the radio waves,
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ืœื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื’ืœื™ ื”ืจื“ื™ื•,
01:54
it is used to cool the base stations.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืจืจ ืืช ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก.
01:57
Then the efficiency of such a base station
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ืื– ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื—ื ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ื›ื–ื•
01:59
is only at about five percent.
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ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
02:02
And that creates a big problem.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
02:05
Then there's another issue that you're all aware of.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื›ื ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื”.
02:08
You have to switch off your mobile phone
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ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™
02:10
during flights.
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ื‘ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช.
02:12
In hospitals, they are security issues.
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ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื™ื•ืช.
02:15
And security is another issue.
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ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ.
02:18
These radio waves penetrate through walls.
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ื’ืœื™ ื”ืจื“ื™ื• ื”ืืœื” ื—ื•ื“ืจื™ื ื“ืจืš ืงื™ืจื•ืช.
02:20
They can be intercepted,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืชื,
02:22
and somebody can make use of your network
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ื•ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืจืฉืช
02:25
if he has bad intentions.
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช.
02:27
So these are the main four issues.
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ืื– ืืœื” ืืจื‘ืข ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช.
02:29
But on the other hand,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™,
02:31
we have 14 billion of these:
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 14 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืžืืœื”:
02:33
light bulbs, light.
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ื ื•ืจื•ืช, ืื•ืจ.
02:36
And light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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ื•ืื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืžื’ื ื˜ื™.
02:39
So let's look at this in the context
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ
02:41
of the entire electromagnetic spectrum, where we have gamma rays.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืžื’ื ื˜ื™, ืฉื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืงืจื ื™ ื’ืืžื”.
02:44
You don't want to get close to gamma rays, it could be dangerous.
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ืืชื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืœืงืจื ื™ ื’ืืžื”, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ.
02:46
X-rays, useful when you go to hospitals.
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ืงืจื ื™ ืจื ื˜ื’ืŸ, ื™ืขื™ืœ ื›ืฉืืชื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
02:49
Then there's ultraviolet light.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืื•ืจ ืื•ืœื˜ืจื” ืกื’ื•ืœ.
02:51
it's good for a nice suntan,
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ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื–ื•ืฃ ื˜ื•ื‘,
02:53
but otherwise dangerous for the human body.
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื” ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
02:55
Infrared --
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ืื™ื ืคืจื ืื“ื•ื --
02:57
due to eye safety regulations,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช,
02:59
can be only used with low power.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืจืง ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช.
03:01
And then we have the radio waves, they have the issues I've just mentioned.
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื’ืœื™ ื”ืจื“ื™ื•, ืœื”ื ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™.
03:04
And in the middle there, we have this visible light spectrum.
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ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืฉื, ื™ืฉ ืืช ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื ืจืื”.
03:07
It's light,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืจ,
03:09
and light has been around for many millions of years.
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ื•ืื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืชื ื• ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
03:11
And in fact, it has created us,
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืชื ื•,
03:14
has created life,
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ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
03:16
has created all the stuff of life.
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ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื—ื™.
03:18
So it's inherently safe to use.
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ.
03:21
And wouldn't it be great to use that for wireless communications?
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ืช.
03:25
Not only that, I compared [it to] the entire spectrum.
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ืœื ืจืง ื–ื”, ื”ืฉื•ื•ืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื.
03:28
I compared the radio waves spectrum --
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ื”ืฉื•ื•ืชื™ ืืช ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื ื’ืœื™ ื”ืจื“ื™ื• --
03:30
the size of it --
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ื’ื•ื“ืœื• --
03:32
with the size of the visible light spectrum.
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ืขื ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื ืจืื”.
03:34
And guess what?
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ื•ื ื—ืฉื• ืžื”?
03:36
We have 10,000 times more of that spectrum,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืคื™ 10000 ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื ื”ื–ื”,
03:39
which is there for us to use.
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ืฉื ืžืฆื ืฉื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื ื•.
03:42
So not only do we have this huge amount of spectrum,
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ืื– ืœื ืจืง ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื ืขื ืง ื›ื–ื”,
03:45
let's compare that with a number I've just mentioned.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื ืขื ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™.
03:47
We have 1.4 million
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 1.4 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
03:49
expensively deployed,
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ืชืจื ื™ ืจื“ื™ื• ืœื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื
03:51
inefficient radio cellular base stations.
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ืฉื ืคืจืฉื• ื‘ื™ื•ืงืจ.
03:54
And multiply that by 10,000,
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ื•ืชื›ืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘10000,
03:56
then you end up at 14 billion.
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ืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื 14 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“.
03:58
14 billion is the number of light bulbs installed already.
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14 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืชืงื ื•ืช.
04:01
So we have the infrastructure there.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื›ื‘ืจ.
04:03
Look at the ceiling, you see all these light bulbs.
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ืชื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืชืงืจื”, ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
04:06
Go to the main floor, you see these light bulbs.
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ืœื›ื• ืœืงื•ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
04:08
Can we use them for communications?
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช?
04:10
Yes.
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ื›ืŸ.
04:12
What do we need to do?
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ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
04:14
The one thing we need to do
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ื“ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
04:16
is we have to replace these inefficient incandescent light bulbs,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช,
04:19
florescent lights,
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ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืื•ืŸ,
04:22
with this new technology of LED,
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ืขื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”LED ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”,
04:24
LED light bulbs.
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ื ื•ืจื•ืช LED.
04:26
An LED is a semiconductor. It's an electronic device.
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LED ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืœื™ืš ืœืžื—ืฆื”. ื–ื” ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™.
04:28
And it has a very nice acute property.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืื—ืช ื ื—ืžื“ื”.
04:32
Its intensity can be modulated
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ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืชื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ืคื ื ืช
04:35
at very high speeds,
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ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“,
04:37
and it can be switched off at very high speeds.
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“.
04:40
And this is a fundamental basic property
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ื•ื–ื• ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช
04:42
that we exploit
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ืฉื‘ื—ื ื•
04:44
with our technology.
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ืขื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
04:47
So let's show how we do that.
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ืื– ื”ื‘ื” ื ืจืื” ืื™ืš ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื–ืืช.
04:49
Let's go to the closest neighbor to the visible light spectrum --
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืœืš ืืœ ื”ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื ืจืื” --
04:51
go to remote controls.
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ื ืœืš ืœืฉืœื˜ื™ื.
04:53
You all know remote controls have an infrared LED --
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ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืœืฉืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืฉ LED ืื™ื ืคืจื ืื“ื•ื --
04:55
basically you switch on the LED, and if it's off, you switch it off.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืืชื ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”LED, ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื™, ืืชื ืžื›ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
04:58
And it creates a simple, low-speed data stream
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื–ืจื ืžื™ื“ืข ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืื™ื˜ื™
05:01
in 10,000 bits per second,
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ื‘10000 ื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ื”,
05:03
20,000 bits per second.
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20000 ื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืฉื ื™ื”.
05:05
Not usable for a YouTube video.
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ืœื ืฉืžื™ืฉ ืœืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘.
05:07
What we have done
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ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื•
05:09
is we have developed a technology
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ื–ื” ืœืคืชื— ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
05:12
with which we can furthermore
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ืื™ืชื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื
05:15
replace the remote control of our light bulb.
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ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•.
05:17
We transmit with our technology,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื“ืจื™ื ืขื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
05:19
not only a single data stream,
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ืœื ืจืง ื–ืจื ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข,
05:21
we transmit thousands of data streams
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื“ืจื™ื ืืœืคื™ ื–ืจืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข
05:23
in parallel,
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ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ,
05:25
at even higher speeds.
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ื‘ืงืฆื‘ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”.
05:27
And the technology we have developed --
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ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื ื• --
05:29
it's called SIM OFDM.
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ื ืงืจืืช SIM OFDM.
05:31
And it's spacial modulation --
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ื•ื–ื” ืื™ืคื ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ --
05:33
these are the only technical terms, I'm not going into details --
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ืืœื” ื”ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื, ืื ื™ ืœื ืื›ื ืก ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื --
05:36
but this is how we enabled
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืš ืืคืฉืจื ื•
05:38
that light source
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ืœืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืื•ืจ
05:40
to transmit data.
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ืœืฉื“ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข.
05:43
You will say, "Okay, this is nice --
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ืืชื ืชืืžืจื•, "ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื–ื” ื ื—ืžื“ --
05:46
a slide created in 10 minutes."
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ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ืฉื ื•ืฆืจืช ื‘10 ื“ืงื•ืช."
05:48
But not only that.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืจืง ื–ื”.
05:50
What we've done
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ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื•
05:52
is we have also developed a demonstrator.
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ื–ื” ืœืคืชื— ืžื“ื’ื™ื.
05:55
And I'm showing for the first time in public
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืจืื” ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
05:57
this visible light demonstrator.
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ืืช ื”ืžื“ื’ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจ ื ืจืื”.
05:59
And what we have here
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืืŸ
06:01
is no ordinary desk lamp.
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ื–ื• ืžื ื•ืจืช ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืจื’ื™ืœื”.
06:04
We fit in an LED light bulb,
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ื”ืชืงื ื• ื‘ื” ื ื•ืจืช LED,
06:06
worth three U.S. dollars,
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ืฉืขื•ืœื” 3 ื“ื•ืœืจ,
06:09
put in our signal processing technology.
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ื•ื”ื•ืกืคื ื• ืืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืกื™ื’ื ืœ ืฉืœื ื•.
06:11
And then what we have here is a little hole.
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ื•ืื– ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืคื” ื–ื” ื—ื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ.
06:14
And the light goes through that hole.
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ื•ื”ืื•ืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืจ.
06:16
There's a receiver.
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ืฉื ื”ืžืงืœื˜.
06:18
The receiver will convert these little, subtle changes in the amplitude
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ื”ืžืงืœื˜ ื™ืžื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืžืฉืจืข
06:21
that we create there
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ืฉื™ืฆืจื ื• ื›ืืŸ
06:23
into an electrical signal.
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ืœืกื™ื’ื ืœ ื—ืฉืžืœื™.
06:25
And that signal is then converted back
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื’ื ืœ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ื”ื–ื” ืžื•ืžืจ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”
06:27
to a high-speed data stream.
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ืœื–ืจื ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื”ื™ืจ.
06:29
In the future we hope
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ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื
06:31
that we can integrate this little hole
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ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
06:33
into these smart phones.
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ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
06:36
And not only integrate a photo detector here,
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ืœืฉืœื‘ ื’ืœืื™ ืื•ืจ ืคื”,
06:39
but maybe use the camera inside.
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ืืœื ืื•ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฆืœืžื” ืฉื‘ืคื ื™ื.
06:43
So what happens
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ืื– ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”
06:45
when I switch on that light?
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ?
06:50
As you would expect,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ืžืฆืคื™ื,
06:52
it's a light, a desk lamp.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืจ, ืžื ื•ืจืช ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ.
06:54
Put your book beneath it and you can read.
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ืฉื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืžืชื—ืชื™ื” ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื.
06:57
It's illuminating the space.
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ื–ื” ืžืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื.
06:59
But at the same time, you see this video coming up here.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืคื”.
07:03
And that's a video, a high-definition video
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ื•ื–ื” ื•ื™ื“ืื•, ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื‘ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
07:06
that is transmitted through that light beam.
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ืฉืžืฉื•ื“ืจ ื“ืจืš ืงืจืŸ ืื•ืจ.
07:08
You're critical.
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ืืชื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ื™ื.
07:10
You think, "Ha, ha, ha.
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ืืชื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ื”ื ื”ื ื”ื.
07:12
This is a smart academic doing a little bit of tricks here."
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ื–ื” ืืงื“ืžืื™ ื—ื›ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื˜ืจื™ืงื™ื ืคื”."
07:15
But let me do this.
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
07:19
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:24
Once again.
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ืฉื•ื‘.
07:27
Still don't believe?
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื?
07:30
It is this light
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ื–ื” ืื•ืจ
07:32
that transmits this high-definition video in a split stream.
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ืฉืžืฉื“ืจ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื‘ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื–ืจื ืžืคื•ืฆืœ.
07:36
And if you look at the light,
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ื•ืื ืชื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืื•ืจ,
07:39
it is illuminating as you would expect.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืื™ืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ืžืฆืคื™ื.
07:41
You don't notice with your human eye.
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ืืชื ืœื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
07:43
You don't notice the subtle changes in the amplitude
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ืืชื ืœื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืจืข
07:46
that we impress onto this light bulb.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื˜ืžื™ืขื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื ื•ืจื”.
07:49
It's serving the purpose of illumination,
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ื–ื” ืžืฉืจืช ืืช ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืชืื•ืจื”,
07:51
but at the same time, we are able to transmit this data.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืฉื“ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข.
07:54
And you see,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช,
07:56
even light from the ceiling comes down here to the receiver.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ืจ ืžื”ืชืงืจื” ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœื›ืืŸ ืœืžืงืœื˜.
07:59
It can ignore that constant light,
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ื–ื”,
08:02
because all the receiver's interested in
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžืงืœื˜ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืง
08:04
are subtle changes.
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ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื.
08:09
You also have a critical question now, and
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื’ื ืฉืืœื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืœืคืขืžื™ื.
08:11
you say, "Okay,
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ืืชื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืื•ืงื™ื™,
08:13
do I have to have the light on all the time
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ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื”ืื•ืจ ื™ืื™ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ
08:15
to have this working?"
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“?"
08:17
And the answer is yes.
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ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืŸ.
08:19
But, you can dim down the light
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ืื‘ืœ, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืžืขื ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ
08:23
to a level that it appears to be off.
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ืœืจืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื›ื‘ื•ื™.
08:25
And you are still able to transmit data -- that's possible.
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื“ืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข -- ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™.
08:28
So I've mentioned to you the four challenges.
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ืื– ื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืœื›ื ืืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื.
08:31
Capacity:
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ื›ืžื•ืช:
08:33
We have 10,000 times more spectrum,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื™ 10000 ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื,
08:35
10,000 times more LEDs
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ืคื™ 10000 ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื“ื™ื
08:37
installed already in the infrastructure there.
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ืฉืžื•ืชืงื ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ืช.
08:39
You would agree with me, hopefully,
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ืืชื ืชืกื›ื™ืžื• ืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื”,
08:41
there's no issue of capacity anymore.
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:43
Efficiency:
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ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช:
08:45
This is data through illumination --
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ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ื“ืจืš ืชืื•ืจื” --
08:47
it's first of all an illumination device.
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ื–ื” ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืืจื”.
08:49
And if you do the energy budget,
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ื•ืื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”,
08:52
the data transmission comes for free --
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ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื’ื™ืข ื‘ื—ื™ื ื --
08:54
highly energy efficient.
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ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืขื™ืœ ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™ืช.
08:56
I don't mention the high energy efficiency
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
08:58
of these LED light bulbs.
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ืฉืœ ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”LED ืขืฆืžืŸ.
09:00
If the whole world would deploy them,
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ืื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืชืงื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ,
09:02
you would save hundreds of power plants.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ืžืื•ืช ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื›ื•ื—.
09:05
That's aside.
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ื–ื” ืฉื•ืœื™.
09:07
And then I've mentioned the availability.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช.
09:09
You will agree with me that we have lights in the hospital.
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ืืชื ืชืกื›ื™ืžื• ืื™ืชื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
09:12
You need to see what to do.
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ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
09:14
You have lights in an aircraft.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืก.
09:16
So it's everywhere in a day there is light.
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ืื– ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืจ.
09:18
Look around. Everywhere. Look at your smart phone.
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื. ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
09:21
It has a flashlight, an LED flashlight.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืคื ืก, ืคื ืก LED.
09:23
These are potential sources for high-speed data transmission.
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ืืœื” ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืงืฆื‘ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื.
09:27
And then there's security.
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื‘ื˜ื—ื”.
09:30
You would agree with me
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ืืชื ืชืกื›ื™ืžื• ืื™ืชื™
09:32
that light doesn't penetrate through walls.
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ืฉืื•ืจ ืœื ื—ื•ื“ืจ ืงื™ืจื•ืช.
09:35
So no one, if I have a light here,
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ืื– ืืฃ ืื—ื“, ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืื•ืจ ืฉื,
09:37
if I have secure data,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—,
09:39
no one on the other side of this room through that wall
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื“ืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื™ืจ
09:41
would be able to read that data.
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ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
09:43
And there's only data where there is light.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืื•ืจ.
09:46
So if I don't want that receiver to receive the data,
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ืื– ืื ืืชื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืžืงืœื˜ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข,
09:50
then what I could do,
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
09:54
turn it away.
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ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ.
09:57
So the data goes in that direction, not there anymore.
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ืื– ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื, ืœื ืœืฉื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:59
Now we can in fact see where the data is going to.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืœืืŸ ื”ื•ืœืš ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
10:05
So for me,
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ืื– ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™,
10:08
the applications of it,
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ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื”
10:11
to me, are beyond imagination at the moment.
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ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื”ืŸ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื’ืข.
10:15
We have had a century of very nice, smart application developers.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ืžืื” ืฉืœ ืžืคืชื—ื™ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื•ื ื—ืžื“ื•ืช.
10:19
And you only have to notice, where we have light,
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ื•ืืชื ืจืง ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืื•ืจ,
10:22
there is a potential way to transmit data.
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ื™ืฉ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœืฉื“ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข.
10:25
But I can give you a few examples.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช.
10:28
Well you may see the impact already now.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช.
10:32
This is a remote operated vehicle
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ื–ื” ืจื›ื‘ ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืžืจื—ื•ืง
10:34
beneath the ocean.
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ืžืชื—ืช ืœืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก.
10:36
And they use light to illuminate space down there.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจ ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉื ืœืžื˜ื”.
10:39
And this light can be used to transmit wireless data
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ื•ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœืฉื“ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™
10:41
that these things [use] to communicate with each other.
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ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™.
10:44
Intrinsically safe environments
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ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื™
10:46
like this petrochemical plant --
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ื›ืžื• ืžืคืขืœื™ื ืคื˜ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื --
10:48
you can't use RF, it may generate antenna sparks,
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื’ืœื™ ืจื“ื™ื•, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ืื ื˜ื ื”,
10:51
but you can use light -- you see plenty of light there.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืจ -- ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื•ืจ ืฉื.
10:54
In hospitals,
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ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
10:56
for new medical instruments;
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ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื;
10:59
in streets for traffic control.
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ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืจืช ืชื ื•ืขื”.
11:02
Cars have LED-based headlights, LED-based back lights,
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ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืคื ืกื™ ื—ื–ื™ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ LED, ืคื ืกื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ LED,
11:05
and cars can communicate with each other
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ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืื—ืช ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”
11:07
and prevent accidents
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ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืชืื•ื ื•ืช
11:10
in the way that they exchange information.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื”ืŸ ืžื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข.
11:13
Traffic lights can communicate to the car and so on.
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ืจืžื–ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ืคืš.
11:16
And then you have these millions of street lamps
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืžื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘
11:19
deployed around the world.
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ืฉืคืจื•ืฉื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
11:22
And every street lamp could be a free access point.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžื ื•ืจืช ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืชื”ื™ื” ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื’ื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช.
11:24
We call it, in fact, a Li-Fi,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” Li-Fi,
11:26
light-fidelity.
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ืจืฉืช-ืื•ืจ.
11:28
And then we have these aircraft cabins.
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ืงื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
11:32
There are hundreds of lights in an aircraft cabin,
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ื™ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื™ื ืช ืžื˜ื•ืก,
11:36
and each of these lights
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ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
11:38
could be a potential transmitter of wireless data.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื“ืจ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืœืžื™ื“ืข.
11:41
So you could enjoy your most favorite TED video
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ืื– ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืจืฆืืช TED ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื›ื
11:44
on your long flight back home.
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ื‘ื˜ื™ืกื” ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
11:46
Online life. So that is a vision, I think, that is possible.
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื. ืื– ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื™.
11:55
So, all we would need to do
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ืื–, ื›ืœ ืฉื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช
11:57
is to fit a small microchip
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ื–ื” ืœืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ื‘ ืงื˜ืŸ
11:59
to every potential illumination device.
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ืœื›ืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืชืื•ืจื”.
12:02
And this would then combine
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ืฉืœื‘
12:05
two basic functionalities:
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ืฉืชื™ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช:
12:07
illumination and wireless data transmission.
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ืชืื•ืจื” ื•ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ืช.
12:09
And it's this symbiosis that I personally believe
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ืžื‘ื™ื•ื–ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืื ื™ ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืžืืžื™ืŸ
12:12
could solve the four essential problems
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ืืจื‘ืข ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช
12:14
that face us in wireless communication these days.
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ืฉื ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ืช ื›ื™ื•ื.
12:17
And in the future,
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ื•ื‘ืขืชื™ื“,
12:19
you would not only have 14 billion light bulbs,
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ืœื ืจืง ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื›ื 14 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื ื•ืจื•ืช,
12:22
you may have 14 billion Li-Fis
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื›ื 14 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ Li-Fi,
12:25
deployed worldwide --
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ืคืจื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื --
12:27
for a cleaner, a greener,
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ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื ืงื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ืจื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ,
12:29
and even a brighter future.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื•ืืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
12:31
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
12:33
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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