Wireless data from every light bulb | Harald Haas

Translator: Etrit Adami Reviewer: Helena Bedalli

Do you know

A e dini

that we have 1.4 million cellular radio masts

qe ne kemi 1.4 milion antena radio dhe celuaresh

deployed worldwide?

te instaluara ne gjithe boten?

And these are base stations.

Dhe keto jane stacione qendrore.

And we also have

Ne gjithashtu kemi

more than five billion

me shume se 5 bilion

of these devices here.

te ketij lloji ketu .

These are cellular mobile phones.

Keto jane telefonat celulare.

And with these mobile phones,

Dhe me keto telefona celulare,

we transmit more than 600 terabytes of data

ne trasmetojme me shume se 600 terabait te dhena

every month.

cdo muaj .

This is a 6 with 14 zeroes --

Kjo eshte 6 me 14 zero --

a very large number.

nje numer shume i madh.

And wireless communications

Dhe transmetimi me Vale

has become a utility

eshte bere nje domosdoshmeri

like electricity and water.

sikurse rrjeti elektrik dhe i ujit

We use it everyday. We use it in our everyday lives now --

Ne e perdorim cdo dite ate ne jeten e perditshme --

in our private lives, in our business lives.

ne jeten tone private, dhe ne ate te bisnesit .

And we even have to be asked sometimes, very kindly,

Dhe ne na kerkohet disa here, shume perzemersisht ,

to switch off the mobile phone at events like this

ti fikim telefonat celular ne disa evente si ky

for good reasons.

per me mire.

And it's this importance

Dhe kjo eshte arsyeja kryesore

why I decided to look into the issues

pse vendosa te hedh drite mbi problemet

that this technology has,

qe kjo teknologji ka,

because it's so fundamental to our lives.

sepse eshte kaq fondamentale per jetet tona.

And one of the issues is capacity.

Dhe nje nga keto ceshtje eshte kapaciteti .

The way we transmit wireless data is by using electromagnetic waves --

Menyra se si ne transmetojme te dhenat me vale duke perdorur valet elektromagnetike---

in particular, radio waves.

ne vecanti, valet e radios.

And radio waves are limited.

Valet e radios jane te kufizuara.

They are scarce; they are expensive;

Ato nuk mjaftojne; ato jane te shtrenjta;

and we only have a certain range of it.

dhe ne kemi vetem nje hapsire te kufizuar per te .

And it's this limitation

Dhe ky kufizim

that doesn't cope

nuk perputhet

with the demand of wireless data transmissions

me kerkesen e transmetimit te te dhenave me vale

and the number of bytes and data which are transmitted every month.

dhe numrin e baiteve dhe te dhenave qe transmetohen cdo muaj.

And we are simply running out of spectrum.

Dhe keto vale jane jashte spektrumit .

There's another problem.

Ka edhe nje problem tjeter.

That is efficiency.

Efektshmeria.

These 1.4 million cellular radio masts, or base stations,

Keto 1.4 milion antena celularesh, ose stacione qendrore,

consume a lot of energy.

konsumojne shume energji.

And mind you, most of the energy

Dhe mendoni qe, shumica e energjise

is not used to transmit the radio waves,

nuk perdoret per te transmetuar valet e radiove ,

it is used to cool the base stations.

por perdoret per te ftohur qendrat e transmetimit.

Then the efficiency of such a base station

Keshtu efikasiteti i nje qendre transmetimi

is only at about five percent.

eshte rreth 5%.

And that creates a big problem.

Dhe kjo perben nje problem te madh.

Then there's another issue that you're all aware of.

Ka edhe nje ceshtje tjeter qe ju e dini te gjithe.

You have to switch off your mobile phone

Ju duhet te fikni telefonat celulare

during flights.

gjate fluturimit me avion .

In hospitals, they are security issues.

Ne spitale, qe kane te bejne edhe me ceshtje sigurie.

And security is another issue.

Dhe siguria eshte nje tjeter ceshtje.

These radio waves penetrate through walls.

Keto vale radiosh depertojne permes mureve.

They can be intercepted,

Ato mund te interceptohen,

and somebody can make use of your network

dhe dikush mund te perdori rrjetin tend

if he has bad intentions.

nqse ai ka qellim abuzimi .

So these are the main four issues.

Pra keto jane ceshtjet kryesore.

But on the other hand,

Por nga ana tjeter,

we have 14 billion of these:

ne kemi 14 bilion nga keto:

light bulbs, light.

llambat qe bejne drite.

And light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Dhe drita eshte pjese e spektrit elektromagnetik .

So let's look at this in the context

Prandaj ti hedhim nje sy ne kontekts

of the entire electromagnetic spectrum, where we have gamma rays.

te gjithe spectrit elektromagnetik, ku ne kemi rreze gama.

You don't want to get close to gamma rays, it could be dangerous.

Sigurisht qe nuk do ti afrohemi shume, sepse mund te jete e rrezikshme.

X-rays, useful when you go to hospitals.

Rezet-X jane te dobishme kur ju shkoni ne spitale.

Then there's ultraviolet light.

Pastaj ka edhe drite ultraviolet.

it's good for a nice suntan,

qe jane mire per tu nxire.

but otherwise dangerous for the human body.

por nga ana tjeter te rrezikshme per njeriun.

Infrared --

Infra te kuqe--

due to eye safety regulations,

per shkak te rregulloreve për sigurinë e syve,

can be only used with low power.

ju mund ta perdorni ate ne fuqi te ulet.

And then we have the radio waves, they have the issues I've just mentioned.

Dhe pastaj ne kemi valet e radios, qe kane te bejne me ato qe sapo permendem.

And in the middle there, we have this visible light spectrum.

Dhe diku ne mes, kemi kete spekter te dukshem te drites.

It's light,

Eshte drita,

and light has been around for many millions of years.

dhe drita ka ekzistuar per shume miliona vjet.

And in fact, it has created us,

Ne fact, ajo na ka krijuar ,

has created life,

ka krijuar jeten ,

has created all the stuff of life.

dhe ka krijuar te gjitha gjerat e gjalla.

So it's inherently safe to use.

Pra është natyrshem e sigurt për t'u përdorur.

And wouldn't it be great to use that for wireless communications?

Dhe do te ishte mire ta perdronim per transmetimin e te dhenave.

Not only that, I compared [it to] the entire spectrum.

Jo vetem aq, une e krahasova ate ne te tere spektrin.

I compared the radio waves spectrum --

E krahasova me spektrun e valeve te radios---

the size of it --

masen e saj --

with the size of the visible light spectrum.

me masen e drites se dukshme.

And guess what?

E merrni me mend?

We have 10,000 times more of that spectrum,

Ne kemi 10,000 here me shume spektrum ,

which is there for us to use.

qe na pret ne ta perdorim ate.

So not only do we have this huge amount of spectrum,

Keshtu qe jo vetem qe kemi kete numer te madh te spektrit,

let's compare that with a number I've just mentioned.

le ta krahasojme ate me numrin qe sapo permendem .

We have 1.4 million

Ne kemi 1.4 milion

expensively deployed,

antena te vendosura,

inefficient radio cellular base stations.

stacione radio cellulare qe s'duhen .

And multiply that by 10,000,

Dhe shumezoji per 10,000,

then you end up at 14 billion.

perfundimi del me shume se 14 bilion.

14 billion is the number of light bulbs installed already.

14 bilion eshte numri i llampave qe jane ekzituese.

So we have the infrastructure there.

Pra keshtu qe ne e kemi te ndertuar infrastrukturen .

Look at the ceiling, you see all these light bulbs.

Ne tavan, ju mund te shikoni gjithe ato llampa.

Go to the main floor, you see these light bulbs.

Po te shkoni ne katin e pare, ju shikoni keto llampa.

Can we use them for communications?

A mund ti perdorim ato per te komunikuar?

Yes.

Po.

What do we need to do?

Cfare na nevojitet ?

The one thing we need to do

E vetmja gje qe duhet te bejme

is we have to replace these inefficient incandescent light bulbs,

eshte ti zevendesojme keto llampa inkadeshente,

florescent lights,

me llampa fluoreshente,

with this new technology of LED,

me kete teknologji te Led-it,

LED light bulbs.

Llampa Led.

An LED is a semiconductor. It's an electronic device.

Nje LED eshte nje semikonduktor. Eshte nje paisje elektronike.

And it has a very nice acute property.

Dhe ka nje vecori shume te zgjuar.

Its intensity can be modulated

Intensiteti saj mund te rregullohet

at very high speeds,

ne shpejtesi te medha,

and it can be switched off at very high speeds.

dhe mund te fiket shume shpejt.

And this is a fundamental basic property

Dhe kjo eshte baza e asaj

that we exploit

qe ne kemi eksploruar

with our technology.

me teknologjine tone.

So let's show how we do that.

Pra le te demostrojme si e bejme ate.

Let's go to the closest neighbor to the visible light spectrum --

Le te shkojme tek me e aferta me spektrin e dukshem te drites --

go to remote controls.

te telekomanda .

You all know remote controls have an infrared LED --

Ju e dini qe telekomandat kane LED me infra te fuqe--

basically you switch on the LED, and if it's off, you switch it off.

ti e ndez LED, dhe nqs eshte fikur, ti e fik ate.

And it creates a simple, low-speed data stream

Ajo krijon nje shpejtesi te vogel te dhenash

in 10,000 bits per second,

ne 10,000 bit per sekonde,

20,000 bits per second.

20,000 bits per sekonde.

Not usable for a YouTube video.

E pa mjaftueshme per nje video ne Youtube.

What we have done

Ajo qe ne kemi bere

is we have developed a technology

eshte qe kemi zhvilluar nje teknologji

with which we can furthermore

me te cilien ne mund te

replace the remote control of our light bulb.

zevendesojme driten e vogel tek telekomanda.

We transmit with our technology,

Ne transmetojme me teknologjine tone,

not only a single data stream,

jo vetem nje transmetim te vetem ,

we transmit thousands of data streams

por njemije transmetime te dhenash

in parallel,

ne paralel,

at even higher speeds.

me shpejtesi me te medha.

And the technology we have developed --

Dhe teknologjia qe ne kemi zhvilluar--

it's called SIM OFDM.

quhet SIM OFDM.

And it's spacial modulation --

Dhe modulacioni hapsinor--

these are the only technical terms, I'm not going into details --

keto jane terma teknike, dhe nuk po futem ne brendesi --

but this is how we enabled

por kjo se si ne e gjeneruam

that light source

kete burim drite

to transmit data.

qe transmeton te dhena.

You will say, "Okay, this is nice --

Ju do te thoni , "OK, kjo ishte e bukur--

a slide created in 10 minutes."

nje skeme e krijuar per 10 minuta"

But not only that.

Por jo vetem kaq.

What we've done

Ajo c'ka ne kemi bere

is we have also developed a demonstrator.

eshte ne ne gjithashtu kemi krijuar nje demostrues.

And I'm showing for the first time in public

Dhe une po e shfaq per here te pare ne publik.

this visible light demonstrator.

demostruesin e drites se dukshme.

And what we have here

Dhe cfare kemi ketu

is no ordinary desk lamp.

eshte nje abazhur i zakonshem pune .

We fit in an LED light bulb,

Ne futem nje llampe me LED ne te,

worth three U.S. dollars,

qe vlen 3 dollare,

put in our signal processing technology.

duke futur sinjalin e teknologjise tone.

And then what we have here is a little hole.

Dhe ajo cfare kemi ketu eshte nje vrime e vogel.

And the light goes through that hole.

Dhe drita futet permes kesaj vrime.

There's a receiver.

Aty eshte marresi .

The receiver will convert these little, subtle changes in the amplitude

Marresi do te konvertoje kete ngarkese te vogel delikate ne nje aplitude

that we create there

qe ne krijojme aty

into an electrical signal.

ne nje sinjali elektrik.

And that signal is then converted back

Dhe ai sinjal elektrik konvertohet ne te kundert

to a high-speed data stream.

ne nje vale te dhenash shume te shpejte.

In the future we hope

Ne te ardhmen ne shpresojme

that we can integrate this little hole

qe ne mund te integrojme kete vrime te vogel

into these smart phones.

ne keto telefona .

And not only integrate a photo detector here,

Jo vetem qe do integrojne nje detektor fotografish aty ,

but maybe use the camera inside.

por mbase duke perdorur dhe kameran e brendshme.

So what happens

Keshtu qe cfare ndodh

when I switch on that light?

kur une ndez driten ?

As you would expect,

Sic do te prisnit,

it's a light, a desk lamp.

eshte nje drite, nje drite tavoline.

Put your book beneath it and you can read.

Vendos librin nen te dhe lexon.

It's illuminating the space.

Ajo ndricon vendin .

But at the same time, you see this video coming up here.

Por ne te njejten kohe, ti shikon kete video qe eshte duke u transmetuar .

And that's a video, a high-definition video

Dhe kjo eshte nje video , HD video

that is transmitted through that light beam.

qe transmetohet permes kesaj rreze drite.

You're critical.

kritike.

You think, "Ha, ha, ha.

Ju mendoni , Ha, ha , ha.

This is a smart academic doing a little bit of tricks here."

Qe eshte nje shpikje e vogel e bere me disa trukime ketu ."

But let me do this.

Por me lejoni ta bej.

(Applause)

( Duartrokitije )

Once again.

Edhe nje here.

Still don't believe?

Prape nuk e besoni ?

It is this light

Eshte kjo drite

that transmits this high-definition video in a split stream.

qe transmeton kete video HD ne nje qark te ndare.

And if you look at the light,

Dhe nqs shikoni tek drita,

it is illuminating as you would expect.

eshte duke ndricuar sic ju e prisnit.

You don't notice with your human eye.

Ju nuk e vute re me syrin tuaj .

You don't notice the subtle changes in the amplitude

Nuk mund ta dalloni ate ndryshim te hollesishem ne amplitude

that we impress onto this light bulb.

qe na impresionon mbi kete llampe.

It's serving the purpose of illumination,

Ajo ka si qellim ndricimin ,

but at the same time, we are able to transmit this data.

por ne te njejten kohe, ne bejme te mundur edhe transmetimin e te dhenave..

And you see,

Dhe sic mund ta shikoni ,

even light from the ceiling comes down here to the receiver.

edhe drita nga tavani vjen ketu tek marresi.

It can ignore that constant light,

Mund ta anashkaloje driten konstante,

because all the receiver's interested in

sepse te gjithe marresit jane aktive

are subtle changes.

ne keto ndryshime te hollesishme.

You also have a critical question now, and

You mund te beni edhe pyetje kritike tani edhe me vone.

you say, "Okay,

Ju thoni , "Ok,

do I have to have the light on all the time

me duhet te te kem patjeter drite gjithe kohen

to have this working?"

qe kjo te punoje?"

And the answer is yes.

Pergjigja eshte po .

But, you can dim down the light

Por, ti mund ta ulesh ndricimin

to a level that it appears to be off.

ne nje nivel qe te duket si e shuar.

And you are still able to transmit data -- that's possible.

Dhe ju akoma jeni ne gjendje te transmetoni te dhena-- eshte e mundur.

So I've mentioned to you the four challenges.

Pra, une ju permenda juve te kater sfidat.

Capacity:

Kapacitetin:

We have 10,000 times more spectrum,

Ne kemi 10,000 here me shume spekter,

10,000 times more LEDs

10,000 here me shume LED-e

installed already in the infrastructure there.

te instaluara nje nje siperfaqe.

You would agree with me, hopefully,

Do te ishit dakort me mua, duke shpresuar,

there's no issue of capacity anymore.

qe nuk eshte me ceshtje te kapaciteti.

Efficiency:

Efektshmeria:

This is data through illumination --

Keto jane te dhena permes ndricimit--

it's first of all an illumination device.

eshte e para mbi te gjitha nje paisje ndricimi .

And if you do the energy budget,

Dhe nqs se llogarit sasine e energjise

the data transmission comes for free --

transmetimi te dhenave eshte i lire --

highly energy efficient.

efektshmeri me energji te larte.

I don't mention the high energy efficiency

Une nuk permend efektshmerine e energjise se larte

of these LED light bulbs.

te ketyre LED llampave .

If the whole world would deploy them,

Nqs e gjithe bota do ti vendoste ato,

you would save hundreds of power plants.

ne mund te shpetojme shume impjante elektrike.

That's aside.

Ta leme menjane kete.

And then I've mentioned the availability.

Dhe pastaj une permenda disponueshmerine.

You will agree with me that we have lights in the hospital.

Do te ishit dakort me mua qe ne kemi drita ne spitale.

You need to see what to do.

Duket te shikojme cfare mund te bejme.

You have lights in an aircraft.

Ju keni drita ne nje avion.

So it's everywhere in a day there is light.

Keshtu gjithandej ku ka ndricim.

Look around. Everywhere. Look at your smart phone.

Shikoni verdalle. Ne cdo vend . Shikoni telefonin tuaj .

It has a flashlight, an LED flashlight.

Ka nje drite flashi , nje LED ndricues.

These are potential sources for high-speed data transmission.

Keto jane burime te fuqishme per transmetimin e te dhenave.

And then there's security.

Dhe pastaj vjen siguria.

You would agree with me

Do te ishit dakord me mua

that light doesn't penetrate through walls.

qe drita nuk kalon permes mureve.

So no one, if I have a light here,

Keshtu qe asnjeri, nqse une do te kisha drite ketu,

if I have secure data,

nqse une kam te dhena sigurie

no one on the other side of this room through that wall

asnjeri nga ana tjeter e murit

would be able to read that data.

s'do te ishte ne gjendje ti marri ato te dhena.

And there's only data where there is light.

Dhe vetem aty ku ka drite ka te dhena.

So if I don't want that receiver to receive the data,

Keshtu nqs une nuk dua qe marresi te marre te dhenat,

then what I could do,

cfare mund te bej,

turn it away.

ta fik ate.

So the data goes in that direction, not there anymore.

Keshtu qe te dhenat shkojne ne ate drejtim , dhe jo me aty.

Now we can in fact see where the data is going to.

Tani ne mund te shikojme se ku jane duke shkuar te dhenat.

So for me,

Keshtu qe per mua,

the applications of it,

programet per kete ,

to me, are beyond imagination at the moment.

per mua jane pertej imagjinates per momentin.

We have had a century of very nice, smart application developers.

Ne kemi pasur nje shekull dhe krijues programesh inteligjent e te mrekullueshem .

And you only have to notice, where we have light,

Dhe ju mund ta kini vene re, qe ku kemi ndricim ,

there is a potential way to transmit data.

ka mundesi per te transmetuar te dhena.

But I can give you a few examples.

Por une mund t'ju jap disa shembuj.

Well you may see the impact already now.

Vertet ju mund ta shikoni reagimin tashme.

This is a remote operated vehicle

Kjo eshte nje mjet i telekomandueshem

beneath the ocean.

nen oqeane.

And they use light to illuminate space down there.

Dhe ata perdorin driten per te ndricuar hapsiren perreth .

And this light can be used to transmit wireless data

Dhe kjo drite mund te perdoret per te transmetuar te dhena

that these things [use] to communicate with each other.

qe keto gjera te perdoren per te komunikuar me njera-tjetren.

Intrinsically safe environments

Brendesisht ne ambjente te sigurta

like this petrochemical plant --

si ky impjant naftembajtes --

you can't use RF, it may generate antenna sparks,

ku nuk mund te perdoresh RF, mund te krijoje shkarkese eletrike ne antene ,

but you can use light -- you see plenty of light there.

por mund te perdori driten-- sic e shikoni aty ka shume ndricim .

In hospitals,

Ne spitale,

for new medical instruments;

per disa intrumente mjeksore;

in streets for traffic control.

ne rruget per rregullimin e trafikut.

Cars have LED-based headlights, LED-based back lights,

Ndricuesit baze te makinave, jane te paisura me LED mbapa,

and cars can communicate with each other

dhe makinat mund te shkembejne te dhena me njera-tjetren

and prevent accidents

per te parandaluar aksidentet

in the way that they exchange information.

ne nje menyre qe ato mund te shkembejne informacion.

Traffic lights can communicate to the car and so on.

Semaforet mund te komunikojne tek makina dhe keshtu me radhe .

And then you have these millions of street lamps

Ne kemi miliona llampa neper rruge

deployed around the world.

te vendosura ne tere boten.

And every street lamp could be a free access point.

Dhe cdo llampe rruge do te ishte nje burim i lire transmetimi.

We call it, in fact, a Li-Fi,

Ne e quajme ate nje Li-Fi,

light-fidelity.

drite- besueshmerie.

And then we have these aircraft cabins.

Dhe pastaj kemi kabinat e avionit.

There are hundreds of lights in an aircraft cabin,

Ka me qindra drita nje nje kabine avioni,

and each of these lights

dhe cdonjera nga keto drita

could be a potential transmitter of wireless data.

mund te jete nje transmetues i fuqishem i te dhenave .

So you could enjoy your most favorite TED video

Keshtu qe ju mund te kenaqeni duke pare videot tuaja te preferuara te TED-it

on your long flight back home.

gjatë fluturimit te kthimit ne shtepi.

Online life. So that is a vision, I think, that is possible.

Jeta online. Mendoni qe ky vizion mund te jete i mundur.

So, all we would need to do

Pra, e gjithe ajo qe na nevojitet

is to fit a small microchip

eshte te fusesh nje mikrocip te vogel

to every potential illumination device.

ne cdo burim energjie .

And this would then combine

dhe kjo do te kombinonte me pas

two basic functionalities:

dy funksione baze:

illumination and wireless data transmission.

Ndricimin dhe Transmetimin telegrafik te te dhenave.

And it's this symbiosis that I personally believe

Dhe eshte kjo simbioze qe une personalisht besoj

could solve the four essential problems

qe mund te zgjidhe kater problemet tona kryesore

that face us in wireless communication these days.

qe perballen me ne ne transmetimin e radiovaleve ne ditet e sotme.

And in the future,

Dhe ne te ardhem ,

you would not only have 14 billion light bulbs,

ju nuk do te keni vetem 14 bilion llampa ndricimi,

you may have 14 billion Li-Fis

ju mund te keni 14 bilion Li-Fis

deployed worldwide --

te vendosura ne te tere boten--

for a cleaner, a greener,

per nje te ardhme te paster, te gjelber,

and even a brighter future.

madje nje te ardhme te ndritshme

Thank you.

Falemderit

(Applause)

( Duartrokitje )