Marc Koska: 1.3m reasons to re-invent the syringe

Prevodilac: Branislav Ivkovic Lektor: Mateja Nenadovic

Twenty-five-and-a-quarter years ago I read

Pre 24 godine i 3 meseca, pročitao sam

a newspaper article which said

novinski članak koji je tvrdio

that one day syringes would be

da će jednog dana, špricevi biti jedan od

one of the major causes of the spread of AIDS,

najvećih uzroka širenja SIDE,

the transmission of AIDS.

prenošenja SIDE.

I thought this was unacceptable. So I decided to do something about it.

Pomislio sam kako je to neprihvatljivo i odlučio da preduzmem

Sadly, it's come true. Malaria, as we all know,

nešto po tom pitanju. Nažalost, članak se obistinio. Malarija,

kills approximately one million people a year.

kao što znamo, ubije oko milion ljudi godišnje.

The reuse of syringes now exceeds that

Višestruka upotreba špriceva sada to

and kills 1.3 million people a year.

prevazilazi i ubija 1,3 miliona ljudi godišnje.

This young girl and her friend

Ova devojčica i njen prijatelj,

that I met in an orphanage in Delhi

koje sam upoznao u sirotištu u Delhiju,

were HIV positive from a syringe.

postali su HIV pozitivni zbog šprica.

And what was so sad about this particular story

Ono što je toliko tužno u ovoj priči je

was that once their parents had found out --

to što su, kada su saznali, njihovi roditelji,

and don't forget, their parents took them to the doctor --

a ne zaboravite, roditelji su ih odveli kod lekara,

the parents threw them out on the street.

izbacili na ulicu.

And hence they ended up in an orphanage.

I tako su završili u sirotištu.

And it comes from situations like this where

Sve počinje ovakvim situacijama, kada imate

you have either skilled or unskilled practitioners,

obučene ili neobučene medicinske radnike

blindly giving an injection to someone.

koji bez razmišljanja nekom daju inekciju.

And the injection is so valuable,

A inekcija je toliko dragocena,

that the people basically trust

da ljudi, u principu, veruju

the doctor, being second to God, which I've heard many times,

da će lekari, koji su posle Boga najvažniji, što sam

to do the right thing. But in fact they're not.

čuo mnogo puta, uraditi pravu stvar. Ali to ne učine.

And you can understand, obviously, the transmission problem

I možete razumeti, problem prenošenja među

between people in high-virus areas.

ljudima u područijima sa velikim brojem virusa.

This video we took undercover,

Ovaj snimak napravljen je tajno

which shows you, over a half an hour period,

razdoblju od pola sata i prikazuje

a tray of medicines of 42 vials,

tacnu sa lekovima i 42 ampule,

which are being delivered with only 2 syringes in a public hospital in India.

koji se daju koristeći samo dva šprica u državnoj bolnici u Indiji.

And over the course of half an hour, not one syringe

Za tih pola sata, nismo snimili otvaranje

was filmed being unwrapped.

ni jednog novog šprica.

They started with two and they ended with two.

Počeli su sa dva i završili sa dva.

And you'll see, just now, a nurse coming back to the tray,

A sada možete da vidite, medicinska sestra se vraća

which is their sort of modular station,

do tacne koja je na neki način modularna stanica,

and dropping the syringe she's just used

i baca špric koji je upravo iskoristila na

back in the tray for it to be picked up and used again.

tacnu kako bi se ponovo mogao uzeti i koristiti.

So you can imagine the scale of this problem.

Dakle, možete da zamislite veličinu ovog problema.

And in fact in India alone, 62 percent

Činjenica je da samo Indiji, 62%

of all injections given

svih inekcija koje se daju,

are unsafe.

nije bezbedno.

These kids in Pakistan don't go to school.

Ova deca iz Pakistana ne idu u školu.

They are lucky. They already have a job.

Oni su srećnici. Već imaju posao.

And that job is that they go around and pick up syringes

A taj posao podrazumeva da idu unaokolo

from the back of hospitals,

i skupljaju špriceve iza bolnica,

wash them, and in the course of this,

operu ih, a u tom procesu skupljanja,

obviously picking them up they injure themselves.

očigledno je da se povređuju.

And then they repackage them and sell them out on markets

Onda ih ponovo zapakuju i prodaju na pijacama,

for literally more money

po, bukvalno, većoj ceni, od

than a sterile syringe in the first place, which is quite bizarre.

sterilnog šprica, što je poprilično bizarno.

In an interesting photo, their father, while we were talking to him,

Na ovoj zanimljivoj fotografiji, njihov otac je, dok smo

picked up a syringe and pricked his finger --

razgovarali sa njim, pokupio špric i uboo prst -

I don't know whether you can see the drop of blood on the end --

ne znam da li možete da vidite kapljicu krvi na kraju --

and immediately whipped out a box of matches,

i smesta izvadio kutiju šibica,

lit one, and burned the blood off the end of his finger,

zapalio jednu i spalio krv na kraju prsta,

giving me full assurance

potpuno me uveravajući

that that was the way that you stopped the transmission of HIV.

da se na takav način zaustavlja prenošenje HIVa.

In China, recycling is a major issue.

U Kini je reciklaža veliki problem.

And they are collected en mass -- you can see the scale of it here --

Špricevi se skupljaju u velikim količinama - možete videti

and sorted out, by hand, back into the right sizes,

veličinu toga ovde - razvrstavaju se, ručno, po veličinama,

and then put back out on the street.

a onda vraćaju na ulicu.

So recycling and reuse

Dakle, reciklaža i višestruka upotreba

are the major issues here.

su najvažniji problemi ovde.

But there was one interesting anecdote that I found in Indonesia.

Ali, ima jedna zanimljiva anegdota koju sam otkrio u Indoneziji.

In all schools in Indonesia,

U školama u Indoneziji,

there is usually a toy seller in the playground.

uglavnom postoji prodavac igračaka na igralištu.

The toy seller, in this case,

Prodavac igračaka je, u ovom slučaju

had syringes, which they usually do,

imao špriceve u ponudi, što uglavnom i imaju,

next door to the diggers, which is obviously

odmah pored bagera, što se

what you would expect.

i može očekivati.

And they use them, in the breaks, for water pistols.

Oni ih koriste, za vreme odmora, kao pištolje na vodu.

They squirt them at each other, which is lovely and innocent.

Prskaju se vodom, što je slatko i nevino.

And they are having great fun.

I lepo se provode.

But they also drink from them

Ali oni takođe i piju iz njih,

while they're in their breaks, because it's hot.

dok su na odmoru, zato što je toplo.

And they squirt the water into their mouths.

Prskaju vodu u svoja usta.

And these are used with traces of blood visible.

A špricevi su korišćeni, tragovi krvi su vidljivi.

So we need a better product. And we need better information.

Zbog toga nam je potreban bolji proizvod.

And I think, if I can just borrow this camera,

I bolji način informisanja. I evo, koristeći ovu kameru,

I was going to show you my invention,

pokazaću vam svoj izum

which I came up with.

koji sam osmislio.

So, it's a normal-looking syringe.

Izgleda kao običan špric.

You load it up in the normal way. This is made

Puni se na standardni način. Ovo je napravljeno

on existing equipment in 14 factories that we license.

koristeći postojeću opremu 14 fabrika koje mi licenciramo.

You give the injection and then put it down.

Date inekciju i odložite ga.

If someone then tries to reuse it,

Ako neko pokuša da ga ponovo iskoristi,

it locks and breaks afterwards.

zaglavi se i nakon toga lomi.

It's very, very simple. Thank you.

Veoma je, veoma jednostavno. Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

And it costs the same as a normal syringe.

A košta isto koliko i običan špric.

And in comparison, a Coca-Cola

U poređenju sa njim, Koka-kola

is 10 times the price.

je deset puta skuplja.

And that will stop reusing a syringe 20 or 30 times.

A time će se okončati upotreba šprica po 20 ili 30 puta.

And I have an information charity

Vodim i humanitarnu agenciju koja se

which has done huge scale amount of work in India.

bavi informisanjem i u Indiji obavlja posao velikih razmera.

And we're very proud of giving information to people,

I vrlo smo ponosni što ljudima pružamo informacije

so that little kids like this don't do stupid things.

kako deca poput ove ne bi pravila gluposti.

Thank you very much.

Mnogo vam hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)