Marc Koska: 1.3m reasons to re-invent the syringe

37,143 views ใƒป 2009-10-22

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yafim Simanovsky ืžื‘ืงืจ: Moshe Sayag
00:18
Twenty-five-and-a-quarter years ago I read
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ืœืคื ื™ 25 ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืจื‘ืข, ืงืจืืชื™
00:20
a newspaper article which said
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ืžืืžืจ ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืืžืจ
00:22
that one day syringes would be
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ืฉื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ืžื–ืจืงื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื•
00:25
one of the major causes of the spread of AIDS,
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ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก,
00:27
the transmission of AIDS.
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ืœื”ื“ื‘ืงื” ื‘ืื™ื™ื“ืก
00:29
I thought this was unacceptable. So I decided to do something about it.
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืขืœื™. ืื– ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ.
00:33
Sadly, it's come true. Malaria, as we all know,
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ืœืฆืขืจื ื•, ื–ื” ื”ืชืžืžืฉ. ืžืœืจื™ื”, ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข,
00:36
kills approximately one million people a year.
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ื”ื•ืจื’ืช ื‘ืขืจืš ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”.
00:39
The reuse of syringes now exceeds that
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ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืžื–ืจืงื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื–ื”
00:41
and kills 1.3 million people a year.
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ื•ื”ื•ืจื’ 1.3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”.
00:46
This young girl and her friend
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื•ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื”
00:48
that I met in an orphanage in Delhi
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ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืœื”ื™,
00:50
were HIV positive from a syringe.
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ื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื–ืจืง.
00:55
And what was so sad about this particular story
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขืฆื•ื‘ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื”ื–ื”
00:58
was that once their parents had found out --
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื’ื™ืœื• ื–ืืช,
01:01
and don't forget, their parents took them to the doctor --
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ื•ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—ื•, ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉืœืงื—ื• ืื•ืชื ืœืจื•ืคื,
01:05
the parents threw them out on the street.
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ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื–ืจืงื• ืื•ืชื ืœืจื—ื•ื‘.
01:07
And hence they ended up in an orphanage.
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ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื.
01:10
And it comes from situations like this where
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื ืžืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื–ื• ืฉื‘ื”
01:12
you have either skilled or unskilled practitioners,
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื•ื›ืฉืจื™ื ืื• ืœื ืžื•ื›ืฉืจื™ื,
01:15
blindly giving an injection to someone.
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ืฉืžื–ืจื™ืงื™ื ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ.
01:18
And the injection is so valuable,
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ื•ื”ื–ืจื™ืงื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื™ืงืจืช ืขืจืš,
01:21
that the people basically trust
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ืกื•ืžื›ื™ื
01:23
the doctor, being second to God, which I've heard many times,
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ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ืคื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืกื’ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื,
01:26
to do the right thing. But in fact they're not.
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ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช.
01:29
And you can understand, obviously, the transmission problem
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช
01:31
between people in high-virus areas.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ื ื’ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
01:35
This video we took undercover,
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ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืฆื™ืœืžื ื• ื‘ืžืฆืœืžื” ื ืกืชืจืช,
01:37
which shows you, over a half an hour period,
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ืžืจืื” ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”,
01:39
a tray of medicines of 42 vials,
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ืžื’ืฉ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉืœ 42 ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื•ื ื™ื.
01:43
which are being delivered with only 2 syringes in a public hospital in India.
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ืฉื ืžืกืจ ืขื 2 ืžื–ืจืงื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
01:48
And over the course of half an hour, not one syringe
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ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”, ืœื ืฆื•ืœื ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื–ืจืง ืื—ื“
01:50
was filmed being unwrapped.
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ืฉื”ื•ืกืจื” ืขื˜ื™ืคืชื•.
01:52
They started with two and they ended with two.
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ื”ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืขื ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื™ืžื• ืขื ืฉื ื™ื™ื.
01:55
And you'll see, just now, a nurse coming back to the tray,
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ื•ืืชื ืชืจืื•, ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื—ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœืžื’ืฉ,
01:58
which is their sort of modular station,
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืŸ ืขืžื“ื” ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืจื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
02:01
and dropping the syringe she's just used
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ื•ืฉื•ืžื˜ืช ืืช ื”ืžื–ืจืง ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ื•
02:04
back in the tray for it to be picked up and used again.
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ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื’ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืจื™ืžื• ืื•ืชื• ื•ื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื‘.
02:07
So you can imagine the scale of this problem.
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ืื– ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืงื ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
02:10
And in fact in India alone, 62 percent
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“, 62 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื
02:12
of all injections given
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ืžื›ืœ ื”ื–ืจื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื•ืช
02:14
are unsafe.
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ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช.
02:16
These kids in Pakistan don't go to school.
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ.
02:18
They are lucky. They already have a job.
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ื”ื ื‘ืจื™ ืžื–ืœ. ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
02:20
And that job is that they go around and pick up syringes
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ื•ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื•ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืžื–ืจืงื™ื
02:22
from the back of hospitals,
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ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
02:24
wash them, and in the course of this,
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ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื, ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•,
02:26
obviously picking them up they injure themselves.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื ื ืคืฆืขื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืจื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื–ืจืงื™ื.
02:29
And then they repackage them and sell them out on markets
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ืขื•ื˜ืคื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื
02:32
for literally more money
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืกืฃ
02:34
than a sterile syringe in the first place, which is quite bizarre.
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ืžืžื” ืฉืžื–ืจืง ืกื˜ืจื™ืœื™ ื ืžื›ืจ ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”. ืฉื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžื•ื–ืจ.
02:37
In an interesting photo, their father, while we were talking to him,
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ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช, ืื‘ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืื™ืชื•,
02:40
picked up a syringe and pricked his finger --
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ื”ืจื™ื ืžื–ืจืง ื•ื“ืงืจ ืืช ืืฆื‘ืขื• --
02:42
I don't know whether you can see the drop of blood on the end --
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื˜ื™ืคืช ื”ื“ื ื‘ืงืฆื” --
02:45
and immediately whipped out a box of matches,
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ื•ืžื™ื“ ืฉืœืฃ ืงื•ืคืกืืช ื’ืคืจื•ืจื™ื,
02:48
lit one, and burned the blood off the end of his finger,
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ื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืื—ื“, ื•ืฉืจืฃ ืืช ื”ื“ื ืžืงืฆื” ื”ืืฆื‘ืข,
02:51
giving me full assurance
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืœืื”
02:53
that that was the way that you stopped the transmission of HIV.
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ืฉื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืขื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก.
02:57
In China, recycling is a major issue.
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ื‘ืกื™ืŸ, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช.
03:01
And they are collected en mass -- you can see the scale of it here --
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ื•ื”ื ื ืืกืคื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช -- ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืงื ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื›ืืŸ --
03:04
and sorted out, by hand, back into the right sizes,
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ื•ืžืžื•ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื’ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื,
03:08
and then put back out on the street.
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ื•ื ืฉืœื—ื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
03:10
So recycling and reuse
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ืื– ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจ
03:13
are the major issues here.
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ื”ื ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื›ืืŸ.
03:15
But there was one interesting anecdote that I found in Indonesia.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื ืงื“ื•ื˜ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืžืฆืืชื™ ื‘ืื™ื ื“ื•ื ื–ื™ื”.
03:18
In all schools in Indonesia,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืื™ื ื“ื•ื ื–ื™ื”,
03:20
there is usually a toy seller in the playground.
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ืžื•ื›ืจ ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ืฆืจ.
03:22
The toy seller, in this case,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”, ืœืžื•ื›ืจ ื”ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื,
03:24
had syringes, which they usually do,
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ื”ื™ื• ืžื–ืจืงื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ื™ืฉ,
03:26
next door to the diggers, which is obviously
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ืœื™ื“ ื”ื—ื•ืคืจื™ื, ืฉื–ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ
03:28
what you would expect.
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ืžืฆืคื”.
03:30
And they use them, in the breaks, for water pistols.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื, ื‘ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช, ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืืงื“ื—ื™ ืžื™ื.
03:32
They squirt them at each other, which is lovely and innocent.
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ื”ื ืžืฉืคืจื™ืฆื™ื ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™. ืฉื–ื” ื ื—ืžื“ ื•ืชืžื™ื.
03:34
And they are having great fun.
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ื•ื”ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“.
03:36
But they also drink from them
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื’ื ืฉื•ืชื™ื ืžื”ืžื–ืจืงื™ื
03:38
while they're in their breaks, because it's hot.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื‘ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื—ื•ื.
03:40
And they squirt the water into their mouths.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืฉืคืจื™ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ืœืคื”.
03:43
And these are used with traces of blood visible.
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ื•ื”ืžื–ืจืงื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืžืฉื•ืžืฉื™ื ืขื ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ื“ื ืฉื ืจืื•ืช ืœืขื™ืŸ.
03:48
So we need a better product. And we need better information.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:50
And I think, if I can just borrow this camera,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ืื ืื ื™ ืจืง ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœืจื’ืข,
03:55
I was going to show you my invention,
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ืฉืœื™,
03:57
which I came up with.
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ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœื™ื”.
04:00
So, it's a normal-looking syringe.
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ืื–, ื–ื” ืžื–ืจืง ืฉื ืจืื” ืจื’ื™ืœ.
04:02
You load it up in the normal way. This is made
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ืืชื” ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื”. ื–ื” ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ
04:04
on existing equipment in 14 factories that we license.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืงื™ื™ื ื‘-14 ืžืคืขืœื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื”ื™ืชืจ.
04:08
You give the injection and then put it down.
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ืืชื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ื–ืจื™ืงื” ื•ืžื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืžื–ืจืง.
04:11
If someone then tries to reuse it,
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ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื‘,
04:13
it locks and breaks afterwards.
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ื”ื•ื ื ื ืขืœ ื•ื ืฉื‘ืจ.
04:15
It's very, very simple. Thank you.
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ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜. ืชื•ื“ื”.
04:17
(Applause)
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(ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:20
And it costs the same as a normal syringe.
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื• ืžื–ืจืง ืจื’ื™ืœ.
04:22
And in comparison, a Coca-Cola
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ื•ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”, ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื”
04:24
is 10 times the price.
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ืขื•ืœื” ืคื™ 10.
04:26
And that will stop reusing a syringe 20 or 30 times.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžื–ืจืง ื›20 ืื• 30 ืคืขืžื™ื.
04:29
And I have an information charity
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื“ื•ื‘ ืžื™ื“ืข
04:31
which has done huge scale amount of work in India.
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ืฉืขืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืขืฆื•ื ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
04:35
And we're very proud of giving information to people,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื’ืื™ื ืœืชืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืœืื ืฉื™ื
04:38
so that little kids like this don't do stupid things.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืขืฉื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื™ืคืฉื™ื™ื.
04:40
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
04:42
(Applause)
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(ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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