Marc Koska: 1.3m reasons to re-invent the syringe

Translator: Nafissa Yakubova Reviewer: Gulnoza Yakubova

Twenty-five-and-a-quarter years ago I read

25 yilu 3 oy oldin men shunday bir

a newspaper article which said

gazeta maqolasiga duch keldim

that one day syringes would be

unga ko'ra, bir kun kelib

one of the major causes of the spread of AIDS,

shpritzlar SPID tarqalishining, yuqtirshning asosiy

the transmission of AIDS.

sababchisi bo'ladi degan edi.

I thought this was unacceptable. So I decided to do something about it.

Men bunga qarab turolmadim. Va buni oldini olishga qaror qildim.

Sadly, it's come true. Malaria, as we all know,

Afsuski, bu narsa to'g'ri bo'lib chiqdi. Malaria yiliga

kills approximately one million people a year.

1 million atrfoida odam umriga zomin bo'lsa

The reuse of syringes now exceeds that

shpritzlarni qayta ishlatish undan ham oshib,

and kills 1.3 million people a year.

yiliga 1.3 million odamni nobud qiladi.

This young girl and her friend

Bu yosh qiz va uning do'stini

that I met in an orphanage in Delhi

men Dehlida bolalar uyida uchratdim,

were HIV positive from a syringe.

ular shpritz orqali VICH infeksiyasini yuqtirgan.

And what was so sad about this particular story

Va eng achinarlisi shuki, ularni shifokorga

was that once their parents had found out --

ota-onalari olib borgan, lekin

and don't forget, their parents took them to the doctor --

qizlarning virus yuqtirganini bilgach

the parents threw them out on the street.

bu ota-onalar qizlarini ko'chaga tashlab ketgan.

And hence they ended up in an orphanage.

Va shu tufayli ular yetimxonaga tushgan.

And it comes from situations like this where

Bunday holatlar qayerdan ham malakali, ham

you have either skilled or unskilled practitioners,

malakasiz mutaxassislarning ko'r ko'rona birovga

blindly giving an injection to someone.

ukol qilishidan kelib chiqadi.

And the injection is so valuable,

Ukol juda kerakli narsa

that the people basically trust

va odamlar odatda shifokorga

the doctor, being second to God, which I've heard many times,

huddi ikkinchi Xudodai ishonadi, men buni ko'p eshitganman,

to do the right thing. But in fact they're not.

ular to'g'ri ish qiladi deysiz. lekin aslida unday emas.

And you can understand, obviously, the transmission problem

Virus keng tarqalgan joylarda bunday

between people in high-virus areas.

yuqtirish muammosini o'zingiz tushunasiz.

This video we took undercover,

Biz bildirmasdan olgan videoda

which shows you, over a half an hour period,

bir yarim soat ichida

a tray of medicines of 42 vials,

42 ta flakon dorini kuzatdik.

which are being delivered with only 2 syringes in a public hospital in India.

Bular Hindistondagi davlat shixofonasida odamlarga atigi 2 ta shpritz bilan dori berib chiqdi.

And over the course of half an hour, not one syringe

Bu bir yarim soat ichida, bironta yangi

was filmed being unwrapped.

spritzni ochishmadi.

They started with two and they ended with two.

Ikkita shpritz bilan boshlab, shu ikkitasi bilan tugatdi.

And you'll see, just now, a nurse coming back to the tray,

Mana endi hamshira postga

which is their sort of modular station,

kelib hozirgina ishlatgan sphritzni

and dropping the syringe she's just used

yana qayta ishlatish uchun

back in the tray for it to be picked up and used again.

idishga solib qo'ydi.

So you can imagine the scale of this problem.

Endi muammoning qanchalik kattaligini tassavvur qiling.

And in fact in India alone, 62 percent

Birgina Hindistonning o'zida,

of all injections given

qilingan ukollarning 62%

are unsafe.

xafvli.

These kids in Pakistan don't go to school.

Pokistondagi bu bolalar maktabga bormaydi.

They are lucky. They already have a job.

Omadli-da, ularning hozirdan ishi bor.

And that job is that they go around and pick up syringes

Ularning ishi atrofni aylanib, shifoxonaning orqasidagi yotgan shpritzlarni yig'ib,

from the back of hospitals,

yuvib tozalab

wash them, and in the course of this,

shifoxonaga qayta sotish,

obviously picking them up they injure themselves.

va yig'ish jarayonida o'zlarini yaralash xavfi ham bor.

And then they repackage them and sell them out on markets

Keyin ularni o'rab bozorlarda sotishadi

for literally more money

va sterillangan toza shpritzdan ham ko'proq

than a sterile syringe in the first place, which is quite bizarre.

pulga sotishadi. Bunisi juda g'alati, tushunib bo'lmas hodisa.

In an interesting photo, their father, while we were talking to him,

Bu juda qiziq surat, ularning otasi biz gaplashib turgan paytda

picked up a syringe and pricked his finger --

barmog'ini sphritz ninasi bilan yaralab oldi-

I don't know whether you can see the drop of blood on the end --

bilmadim siz qonni ko'rdingizmi yo'qmi-

and immediately whipped out a box of matches,

lekin u shu zumda gugurt olib, bittasini yoqdi

lit one, and burned the blood off the end of his finger,

va barmog'ining uchidagi qonni kuydirdi,

giving me full assurance

va menga shu bilan go'yo

that that was the way that you stopped the transmission of HIV.

VICH yuqtirishning oldini oldim demoqchi bo'ldi. Lekin bu noto'g'ri.

In China, recycling is a major issue.

Xitoyda, chiqitni qayta ishlash katta muammo.

And they are collected en mass -- you can see the scale of it here --

Ko'rib turganingizdek, ular bir yerga yig'iladi

and sorted out, by hand, back into the right sizes,

qo'l bilan katta kichikligiga qarab ajratiladi,

and then put back out on the street.

va yana ko'chalarga sotuvga qaytariladi.

So recycling and reuse

Va qayta ishlatish bu yerda

are the major issues here.

katta muammodir.

But there was one interesting anecdote that I found in Indonesia.

Lekin Indoneziyada bir qiziq holga duch keldim.

In all schools in Indonesia,

U yerdagi hamma maktablarda,

there is usually a toy seller in the playground.

odatda maydonchada o'yinchoq sotuvchilar bor.

The toy seller, in this case,

Bu o'yinchoq sotuvchisi, odatdagiday

had syringes, which they usually do,

shpritzlarni ham sotar edi,

next door to the diggers, which is obviously

siz kutganingizdek, aynan o'yinchoq

what you would expect.

qazuvchi mashinalar yonida.

And they use them, in the breaks, for water pistols.

Va ular tanafussda suv sepib o'ynash uchun ishlatadi.

They squirt them at each other, which is lovely and innocent.

Bu xavfsiz bir o'yindek ko'rinishi mumkin.

And they are having great fun.

Mazza qilib o'ynaydi.

But they also drink from them

Lekin , Undan suv ham ichishadi

while they're in their breaks, because it's hot.

ayni tanafuss davomida, chunki u ko'cha issiq.

And they squirt the water into their mouths.

va suvni o'gizlariga sepishadi.

And these are used with traces of blood visible.

Va shpritzlarda qon qoldiqlarini ham ko'z ko'radi.

So we need a better product. And we need better information.

Shuning uchun bizga yaxshiroq narsa va ma'lumot kerak.

And I think, if I can just borrow this camera,

Va men bu kamerani o'zimga olib tursam,

I was going to show you my invention,

men sizlarga o'ylab topgan narsamni

which I came up with.

ko'rsataman.

So, it's a normal-looking syringe.

Bu xuddi odatdagi shpritzdek ko'rinadi.

You load it up in the normal way. This is made

odatdagiday ishlatiladi. Biz litsenziya bergan

on existing equipment in 14 factories that we license.

14 ta fabrikadagi odatdagi uskunalar va asboblar bilan ishlanadi.

You give the injection and then put it down.

Ukol qilib qo'ygandan keyin

If someone then tries to reuse it,

agar biror kim uni qayta ishlatishga harakat qilsa

it locks and breaks afterwards.

u qulflanib qoladi va sinadi.

It's very, very simple. Thank you.

Bu juda oson va sodda. Rahmat.

(Applause)

(Qarsaklar)

And it costs the same as a normal syringe.

Va buning narxi oddiy shpritz narxiday.

And in comparison, a Coca-Cola

Coca-Colaga qaraganda

is 10 times the price.

u shpritz 10 marta arzon.

And that will stop reusing a syringe 20 or 30 times.

Va u shpritz ninalarning 20 yoki 30 marta qayta ishlatilishini to'xtatadi.

And I have an information charity

Va bizda ma'lumot xayriya jamg'armasi bor

which has done huge scale amount of work in India.

va Hindistonda ular juda katta ishlarni amalga oshirdi

And we're very proud of giving information to people,

Va biz yosh bolalarning ahmoqona ishlar qilmasligi uchun

so that little kids like this don't do stupid things.

odamlarga kerakli ma'lumotlar berganimizdan juda hursandmiz.

Thank you very much.

Rahmat sizlarga.

(Applause)

(Qarsaklar)