Marc Koska: 1.3m reasons to re-invent the syringe

36,833 views ・ 2009-10-22

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Byung Sun Kim κ²€ν† : Sanghoon Lee
00:18
Twenty-five-and-a-quarter years ago I read
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25λ…„ν•˜κ³  3κ°œμ›” μ „ μ €λŠ”
00:20
a newspaper article which said
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ν•œ μ‹ λ¬Έμ—μ„œ μ–Έμ  κ°€ 주사기가
00:22
that one day syringes would be
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μ—μ΄μ¦ˆμ˜ ν™•μ‚°κ³Ό κ°μ—Όμ˜
00:25
one of the major causes of the spread of AIDS,
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주범이 될 κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ”
00:27
the transmission of AIDS.
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기사λ₯Ό 읽은 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
I thought this was unacceptable. So I decided to do something about it.
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μ „ 이런 일이 μƒκ²¨μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆ λœλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ­”κ°€ ν•΄μ•Όκ² λ‹€κ³  κ²°μ‹¬ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
00:33
Sadly, it's come true. Malaria, as we all know,
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μŠ¬ν”„κ²Œλ„, 이것은 ν˜„μ‹€λ‘œ λ‹€κ°€μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λͺ¨λ‘ μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, 말라리아 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
00:36
kills approximately one million people a year.
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ν•œ ν•΄ 백만 λͺ… μ •λ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ‚¬λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
The reuse of syringes now exceeds that
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μ£Όμ‚¬κΈ°μ˜ μž¬μ‚¬μš©μ€ λ§λΌλ¦¬μ•„μ˜ 영ν–₯λ ₯을 λŠ₯κ°€ν•˜μ—¬
00:41
and kills 1.3 million people a year.
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ν•œ ν•΄ λ°± μ‚Όμ‹­ 만 λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ 죽게 λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:46
This young girl and her friend
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μ œκ°€ 델리의 ν•œ κ³ μ•„μ›μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ‚œ
00:48
that I met in an orphanage in Delhi
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이 μ–΄λ¦° μ†Œλ…€μ™€ κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μΉœκ΅¬λŠ”
00:50
were HIV positive from a syringe.
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μ£Όμ‚¬κΈ°λ‘œ μΈν•΄μ„œ μ—μ΄μ¦ˆμ— κ°μ—Όλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
And what was so sad about this particular story
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그리고 μ œκ°€ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦° 이 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ—μ„œ μŠ¬ν”ˆ 점은
00:58
was that once their parents had found out --
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이 μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ λΆ€λͺ¨κ°€ κ·Έ 사싀을 μ•Œμžλ§ˆμž
01:01
and don't forget, their parents took them to the doctor --
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κ·Έ λΆ€λͺ¨λŠ” 아이듀을 μ˜μ‚¬μ—κ²Œ 데렀간 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
01:05
the parents threw them out on the street.
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아이듀을 거리에 λ‚΄λ‹€ λ²„λ Έλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
And hence they ended up in an orphanage.
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그리고 κ²°κ΅­ 아이듀은 고아원에 였게 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
And it comes from situations like this where
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이와 같은 일듀은
01:12
you have either skilled or unskilled practitioners,
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μˆ™λ ¨λœ μ˜μ‚¬κ±΄ 초보 μ˜μ‚¬κ±΄ 간에
01:15
blindly giving an injection to someone.
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λ¬΄ν„±λŒ€κ³  주사λ₯Ό 놓아주기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ°œμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
And the injection is so valuable,
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그리고 μ£Όμ‚¬λΌλŠ” 것이 정말 κ·€ν•˜κ²Œ μ—¬κ²¨μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
that the people basically trust
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 기본적으둜
01:23
the doctor, being second to God, which I've heard many times,
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μ˜μ‚¬λ“€μ„ μ‹  λ‹€μŒ κ°€λŠ” 쑴재둜 μ—¬κΈ°λ©΄μ„œ(정말 많이 λ“€μ—ˆλ˜ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.)
01:26
to do the right thing. But in fact they're not.
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항상 μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ 일만 ν•  것이라고 λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 사싀 그렇지 μ•Šμ£ .
01:29
And you can understand, obviously, the transmission problem
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이제 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€λ„ λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€ μœ„ν—˜μ§€μ—­μ— μžˆλŠ”
01:31
between people in high-virus areas.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ κ°„μ˜ 감염 문제λ₯Ό λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ 이해할 수 μžˆμœΌμ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
This video we took undercover,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μΈλ„μ˜ ν•œ 곡립 λ³‘μ›μ—μ„œ 비밀리에 찍은
01:37
which shows you, over a half an hour period,
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μ•½ 30λΆ„ λ™μ•ˆμ˜ 이 μ˜μƒμ—μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€
01:39
a tray of medicines of 42 vials,
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νŠΈλ ˆμ΄μ— λ‹΄κΈ΄ 42개의 약병듀을
01:43
which are being delivered with only 2 syringes in a public hospital in India.
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μ˜€λ‘œμ§€ 2개의 μ£Όμ‚¬κΈ°λ‘œλ§Œ 놓아주고 μžˆλŠ” μž₯면을 보싀 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
And over the course of half an hour, not one syringe
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그리고 이 30λΆ„ κ°„ 단 ν•œ 개의 주사기도
01:50
was filmed being unwrapped.
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μƒˆκ²ƒμ„ λœ―λŠ” μž₯면은 μ°νžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
They started with two and they ended with two.
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두 개의 μ£Όμ‚¬κΈ°λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ„œ 두 개둜 λλ‚¬κ΅°μš”.
01:55
And you'll see, just now, a nurse coming back to the tray,
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그리고 이제, ν•œ κ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬κ°€ 트레이둜 λŒμ•„μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
which is their sort of modular station,
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μΌμ’…μ˜ κ°„ν˜Έ μŠ€ν…Œμ΄μ…˜μΈλ°μš”,
02:01
and dropping the syringe she's just used
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방금 μ‚¬μš©ν•œ 주사기λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ μ§‘μ–΄κ°€μ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘
02:04
back in the tray for it to be picked up and used again.
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νŠΈλ ˆμ΄μ— λ‚΄λ €λ†“μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
So you can imagine the scale of this problem.
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이제 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ 이 문제의 크기에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ μ§μž‘μ΄ κ°€μ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
And in fact in India alone, 62 percent
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사싀 μΈλ„λ§Œ λ”°μ‘Œμ„ λ•Œ,
02:12
of all injections given
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λͺ¨λ“  주사 쀑 62 νΌμ„ΌνŠΈλŠ”
02:14
are unsafe.
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μ•ˆμ „ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
These kids in Pakistan don't go to school.
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νŒŒν‚€μŠ€νƒ„μ˜ 이 어린이듀은 학ꡐ에 가지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
They are lucky. They already have a job.
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운이 쒋은 κ±°μ§€μš”. 이듀은 이미 직업이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
And that job is that they go around and pick up syringes
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이 아이듀이 ν•˜λŠ” 일은 λ³‘μ›μ˜ λ’·λ§ˆλ‹Ήμ„ λŒμ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆλ©°
02:22
from the back of hospitals,
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주사기λ₯Ό μ£Όμ›Œμ„œ μ”»λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
wash them, and in the course of this,
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그리고 주사기λ₯Ό μ€λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ
02:26
obviously picking them up they injure themselves.
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λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ μƒμ²˜λ₯Ό μž…κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
And then they repackage them and sell them out on markets
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그리고 λ‚˜μ„œ 아이듀은 κ·Έ 주사기듀을 λ‹€μ‹œ 포μž₯ν•΄μ„œ μ‹œμž₯에 λ‚΄λ‹€ νŒλ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
for literally more money
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μ• μ΄ˆμ— μ†Œλ…λ˜μ–΄ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” 주사기보닀
02:34
than a sterile syringe in the first place, which is quite bizarre.
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더 λ§Žμ€ λˆμ„ λ°›κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 정말 μ΄μƒν•œ 일이 아닐 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
In an interesting photo, their father, while we were talking to him,
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이 ν₯미둜운 사진을 λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄, μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ 아버지와 이야기λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ„λ˜ 쀑
02:40
picked up a syringe and pricked his finger --
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κ·Έκ°€ 주사기λ₯Ό 쀍닀가 손가락을 μ°”λ¦¬κ³ λŠ”--
02:42
I don't know whether you can see the drop of blood on the end --
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손가락 λμ—μ„œ ν”Όκ°€ λ–¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 게 λ³΄μ΄μ‹œλŠ”μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€--
02:45
and immediately whipped out a box of matches,
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κΈ‰νžˆ μ„±λƒ₯갑을 κΊΌλ‚΄λ”λ‹ˆ
02:48
lit one, and burned the blood off the end of his finger,
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μ„±λƒ₯에 λΆˆμ„ λΆ™μ΄κ³ λŠ”, 손가락 끝의 ν”Όλ₯Ό νƒœμ›Œ λ²„λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
giving me full assurance
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μ—μ΄μ¦ˆμ˜ 감염을 막을 수 μžˆλŠ” 방법이라고
02:53
that that was the way that you stopped the transmission of HIV.
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제게 μž₯λ‹΄ν•˜λ©° 말이죠.
02:57
In China, recycling is a major issue.
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μ€‘κ΅­μ—μ„œ μž¬ν™œμš©μ€ 큰 μ΄μŠˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
And they are collected en mass -- you can see the scale of it here --
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주사기듀을 ν•œ λ©μ–΄λ¦¬λ‘œ λͺ¨μ•„μ„œ-- κ·Έ 규λͺ¨λ₯Ό μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 보싀 수 있죠--
03:04
and sorted out, by hand, back into the right sizes,
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일일이 μ†μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„λ₯˜ν•΄μ„œ 크기λ₯Ό λ§žμΆ°λ†“κ³ 
03:08
and then put back out on the street.
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λ‹€μ‹œ μœ ν†΅μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
So recycling and reuse
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μž¬ν™œμš©κ³Ό μž¬μ‚¬μš©μ΄
03:13
are the major issues here.
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ꡉμž₯히 큰 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 되고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
But there was one interesting anecdote that I found in Indonesia.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μΈλ„λ„€μ‹œμ•„μ—μ„œ μ œκ°€ 찾은 ν₯미둜운 일화가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
In all schools in Indonesia,
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μΈλ„λ„€μ‹œμ•„μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œλŠ”
03:20
there is usually a toy seller in the playground.
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보톡 μš΄λ™μž₯에 μž₯λ‚œκ° μž₯μˆ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
The toy seller, in this case,
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이 κ²½μš°μ— μž₯λ‚œκ° μž₯μˆ˜λŠ”
03:24
had syringes, which they usually do,
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보톡 κ·Έλž¬λ“―μ΄ 주사기λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
next door to the diggers, which is obviously
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μ˜ˆμƒν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆλ“―μ΄
03:28
what you would expect.
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포크레인 μž₯λ‚œκ° μ˜†μ— λ§μ΄μ§€μš”.
03:30
And they use them, in the breaks, for water pistols.
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μ‰¬λŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ— 아이듀은 μ£Όμ‚¬κΈ°λ‘œ 물총 놀이λ₯Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
They squirt them at each other, which is lovely and innocent.
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μ„œλ‘œ 물총을 μ˜μ•„λŒ€μ£ . μ‚¬λž‘μŠ€λŸ½κ³  μˆœμˆ˜ν•œ λͺ¨μŠ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
And they are having great fun.
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아이듀은 μ•„μ£Ό μ¦κ±°μ›Œ ν•˜κ³ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
But they also drink from them
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ£Όμ‚¬κΈ°λ‘œ 물을 λ§ˆμ‹œκΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
while they're in their breaks, because it's hot.
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맀우 λ₯κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
03:40
And they squirt the water into their mouths.
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λ˜ν•œ 아이듀은 μž… 속에 물을 μ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
And these are used with traces of blood visible.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 주사기 μ•ˆμ—λŠ” ν˜ˆμ•‘μ΄ 남아 μžˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:48
So we need a better product. And we need better information.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 더 λ‚˜μ€ μ œν’ˆκ³Ό 정보가 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
And I think, if I can just borrow this camera,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” 이 카메라λ₯Ό μ’€ λΉŒλ €μ„œ
03:55
I was going to show you my invention,
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μ œκ°€ κ³ μ•ˆν•΄ λ‚Έ
03:57
which I came up with.
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발λͺ…ν’ˆμ„ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
So, it's a normal-looking syringe.
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이건 κ·Έλƒ₯ 평범해 λ³΄μ΄λŠ” μ£Όμ‚¬κΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
You load it up in the normal way. This is made
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보톡 λ•Œ 처럼 주사기λ₯Ό μ±„μš°λ©΄ 되죠.
04:04
on existing equipment in 14 factories that we license.
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이건 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ³„μ•½ν•œ 14곳의 곡μž₯에 ν˜„μ‘΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ„€λΉ„λ₯Ό 기반으둜 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
You give the injection and then put it down.
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이제 주사λ₯Ό ν•œ λŒ€ 놓고 λ°”λ‹₯에 λ‚΄λ €λ†“μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:11
If someone then tries to reuse it,
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λ§Œμ•½ λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€ 주사기λ₯Ό μž¬μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•˜λ©΄,
04:13
it locks and breaks afterwards.
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λ‹¨λ‹¨νžˆ κ³ μ •λ˜μ–΄ λΆ€λŸ¬μ§€κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
It's very, very simple. Thank you.
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μ•„μ£Ό μ•„μ£Ό κ°„λ‹¨ν•˜μ£ . κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
04:20
And it costs the same as a normal syringe.
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λ˜ν•œ 이 μ£Όμ‚¬κΈ°λŠ” λ³΄ν†΅μ˜ 주사기와 가격이 λ˜‘κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
And in comparison, a Coca-Cola
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비ꡐλ₯Ό ν•˜μžλ©΄, μ½”μΉ΄ 콜라 ν•œ 병이
04:24
is 10 times the price.
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이 주사기보닀 10λ°° 더 λΉ„μŒ‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
And that will stop reusing a syringe 20 or 30 times.
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이것이 주사기λ₯Ό 2, 30번 μž¬μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ±Έ 막아 쀄 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
And I have an information charity
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그리고 μ €λŠ” μΈλ„μ—μ„œ 큰 규λͺ¨μ˜ 일을 ν•΄ λ‚Έ
04:31
which has done huge scale amount of work in India.
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정보 μžμ„  단체λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:35
And we're very proud of giving information to people,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 정보λ₯Ό 전달해 μ£ΌλŠ” 것을 맀우 μžλž‘μŠ€λŸ¬μ›Œ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
so that little kids like this don't do stupid things.
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그럼으둜써 이 μž‘μ€ 아이듀이 바보같은 짓을 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
Thank you very much.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:42
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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