Aaron Huey: America's native prisoners of war

230,057 views ・ 2010-11-10

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Marija Stepanovic Lektor: Ivana Korom
00:16
I'm here today to show my photographs of the Lakota.
0
16014
3000
Ovde sam danas da vam pokažem svoje fotografije naroda Lakota.
00:19
Many of you may have heard of the Lakota,
1
19664
2151
Mnogi od vas su čuli za narod Lakota,
00:21
or at least the larger group of tribes,
2
21839
1940
ili bar za veću grupu plemena
00:23
called the Sioux.
3
23803
1456
koji se zovu Sijuksi.
00:25
The Lakota are one of many tribes that were moved off their land
4
25928
3135
Lakote su jedno od mnogih plemena koja su preseljena sa svoje zemlje
00:29
to prisoner-of-war camps,
5
29087
1405
u logore za ratne zarobljenike,
00:30
now called reservations.
6
30516
1522
koji se sada zovu rezervati.
00:32
The Pine Ridge Reservation,
7
32757
2087
Rezervat Pajn Ridž,
00:34
the subject of today's slide show,
8
34868
2132
predmet današnje prezentacije,
lociran je oko 120 km jugoistočno
00:37
is located about 75 miles southeast of the Black Hills in South Dakota.
9
37024
4302
od Blek Hilsa u Južnoj Dakoti.
00:41
It is sometimes referred to as Prisoner of War Camp Number 334,
10
41350
4927
Poznat je i kao
Logor za ratne zarobljenike broj 334,
00:46
and it is where the Lakota now live.
11
46301
2126
i to je mesto gde Lakote danas žive.
00:48
Now, if any of you have ever heard of AIM,
12
48451
2186
Ako je iko od vas čuo za AIP,
00:50
the American Indian Movement,
13
50661
1920
Američki Indijanski Pokret
00:52
or of Russell Means,
14
52605
1842
ili za Rasela Minsa,
00:54
or Leonard Peltier,
15
54471
1412
ili Lenarda Peltijera,
00:56
or of the standoff at Oglala,
16
56883
2087
ili za sukobe kod Oglale,
00:58
then you know Pine Ridge is ground zero for Native issues in the US.
17
58994
4137
onda znate da je Pajn Ridž krizno žarište
za indijanska pitanja u SAD.
01:04
So I've been asked to talk a little bit today
18
64517
2158
Pozvali su me danas da govorim
01:06
about my relationship with the Lakota,
19
66699
2168
o svom odnosu sa Lakotama,
01:08
and that's a very difficult one for me,
20
68891
1976
a to je veoma teško za mene.
01:10
because, if you haven't noticed from my skin color,
21
70891
2458
Jer ako niste primetili moju boju kože,
ja sam belac,
01:13
I'm white,
22
73373
1389
01:14
and that is a huge barrier on a Native reservation.
23
74786
3000
i to je velika prepreka u rezervatu starosedelaca.
01:19
You'll see a lot of people in my photographs today.
24
79373
2430
Videćete mnogo ljudi na mojim fotografijama danas,
01:21
I've become very close with them, and they've welcomed me like family.
25
81827
3317
dosta sam se zbližio s njima i prihvatili su me kao člana porodice.
01:25
They've called me "brother" and "uncle,"
26
85168
1918
Nazvali su me bratom, ujakom
i pozivali me iznova i iznova tokom pet godina.
01:27
and invited me again and again over five years.
27
87110
2304
01:29
But on Pine Ridge,
28
89438
1198
Ali u Pajn Ridžu,
01:30
I will always be what is called "wasichu."
29
90660
2976
ja ću uvek biti ono što oni zovu "vašiču".
01:33
"Wasichu" is a Lakota word
30
93660
3166
A "vašiču" je reč na jeziku Lakota
01:36
that means "non-Indian,"
31
96850
2101
koja znači ne-Indijanac.
01:38
but another version of this word
32
98975
2079
Ali još jedno značenje ove reči je
01:41
means "the one who takes the best meat for himself."
33
101078
3220
"onaj koji uzima najbolje meso za sebe."
01:44
And that's what I want to focus on --
34
104667
1821
I to je ono što želim da istaknem -
01:46
the one who takes the best part of the meat.
35
106512
2096
onaj koji uzima najbolje parče mesa.
To znači pohlepan.
01:49
It means "greedy."
36
109113
1180
01:51
So take a look around this auditorium today.
37
111318
2096
Bacite pogled oko sebe u ovom auditorijumu.
Nalazimo se u privatnoj školi na američkom zapadu,
01:54
We are at a private school in the American West,
38
114130
3060
sedimo na crvenim stolicama od baršuna,
01:57
sitting in red velvet chairs
39
117214
2422
01:59
with money in our pockets.
40
119660
1412
s novcem u džepovima.
02:01
And if we look at our lives,
41
121961
1746
I ako sagledamo svoj život,
02:03
we have indeed taken the best part of the meat.
42
123731
2878
mi zaista jesmo uzeli
najbolje parče mesa.
02:07
So let's look today at a set of photographs
43
127596
3040
Pogledajmo nekoliko fotografija
02:10
of a people who lost
44
130660
1638
ljudi koji su izgubili
02:12
so that we could gain,
45
132322
1977
da bismo mi dobili.
02:14
and know that when you see these people's faces,
46
134323
2506
I znajte, kada budete videli njihova lica,
02:17
that these are not just images of the Lakota;
47
137564
2604
da ovo nisu slike samo naroda Lakota,
02:20
they stand for all indigenous people.
48
140192
2324
one predstavljaju sve domorodačke narode.
02:25
On this piece of paper
49
145620
1655
Na ovom parčetu papira
02:27
is the history the way I learned it from my Lakota friends and family.
50
147299
3713
nalazi se istorija koju sam naučio
od mojih prijatelja i porodice Lakota.
02:32
The following is a time line of treaties made, treaties broken
51
152883
4263
Ono što sledi je hronološki prikaz
sklopljenih sporazuma, prekršenih sporazuma,
02:37
and massacres disguised as battles.
52
157170
2282
i pokolja prerušenih u bitke.
02:39
I'll begin in 1824.
53
159928
1707
Počeću od 1824.
02:42
What is known as the Bureau of Indian Affairs
54
162161
2112
"Ono što je poznato kao Biro za indijanska pitanja
02:44
was created within the War Department,
55
164297
1830
otvoreno je u okviru Ratnog departmana
02:46
setting an early tone of aggression
56
166151
1690
najavljujući od samog početka agresiju
02:47
in our dealings with the Native Americans.
57
167865
2039
u našem odnošenju prema američkim starosedeocima.
02:49
1851:
58
169928
1543
1851:
02:51
The first treaty of Fort Laramie was made,
59
171495
2165
sklopljen je prvi sporazum u Fort Laramiju
02:53
clearly marking the boundaries of the Lakota Nation.
60
173684
2738
jasno obeleživši granice nacije Lakota.
Prema sporazumu,
02:57
According to the treaty, those lands are a sovereign nation.
61
177017
3079
te teritorije su suverena nacija.
03:00
If the boundaries of this treaty had held --
62
180660
2096
Da su granice ovog sporazuma održane -
03:02
and there is a legal basis that they should --
63
182780
2627
a po pravnoj osnovi trebalo je da budu -
03:05
then this is what the US would look like today.
64
185431
2755
ovako bi SAD izgledale danas.
10 godina kasnije,
03:11
Ten years later.
65
191015
1171
03:12
The Homestead Act, signed by President Lincoln,
66
192580
2722
Zakon o domaćinstvima, koji je potpisao predsednik Linkoln,
03:15
unleashed a flood of white settlers into Native lands.
67
195326
2679
izazvao je priliv belih doseljenika na zemlju starosedelaca.
03:18
1863:
68
198605
1679
1863:
03:20
An uprising of Santee Sioux in Minnesota
69
200308
2498
Ustanak Santi Sijuksa u Minesoti
03:22
ends with the hanging of 38 Sioux men,
70
202830
2908
završava se vešanjem 38 muškaraca Sijuksa,
03:25
the largest mass execution in US history.
71
205762
3000
najveće masovno pogubljenje u istoriji SAD.
03:29
The execution was ordered by President Lincoln,
72
209295
2239
Pogubljenje je naredio predsednik Linkoln
03:31
only two days after he signed the Emancipation Proclamation.
73
211558
4695
samo dva dana
nakon što je potpisao Proklamaciju o emancipaciji.
03:37
1866: The beginning of the Transcontinental Railroad --
74
217829
3572
1866. početak gradnje transkontinentalne železenice -
03:41
a new era.
75
221425
1211
početak nove ere.
Zemlju smo prilagodili prugama i vozovima
03:43
We appropriated land for trails and trains
76
223023
2190
03:45
to shortcut through the heart of the Lakota Nation.
77
225237
2399
da bi skratili sebi put kroz srce Lakota nacije.
03:47
The treaties were out the window.
78
227660
1816
Sporazumi su završili kroz prozor.
03:49
In response, three tribes led by the Lakota chief Red Cloud
79
229500
3467
Kao odgovor na to, tri plemena Lakote pod vođstvom poglavice Crvenog Oblaka
03:52
attacked and defeated the US army,
80
232991
1706
napalo je i porazilo američku vojsku mnogo puta.
03:54
many times over.
81
234721
1198
03:55
I want to repeat that part:
82
235943
1325
Želim da ponovim ovaj deo.
03:57
The Lakota defeat the US army.
83
237292
2032
Lakote su porazile američku vojsku.
1868: Drugi sporazum u Fort Laramiju
04:01
1868: The second Fort Laramie Treaty clearly guarantees
84
241030
3849
jasno garantuje suverenitet Velike nacije Sijuksa
04:04
the sovereignty of the Great Sioux Nation
85
244903
2016
04:06
and the Lakotas' ownership of the sacred Black Hills.
86
246943
2817
i Lakotino vlasništvo nad svetim brdima Blek Hils.
04:10
The government also promises land and hunting rights
87
250090
2454
Vlada takođe obećava zemlju i pravo lova
04:12
in the surrounding states.
88
252568
1324
u okolnim državama.
04:13
We promise that the Powder River country
89
253916
2063
Obećali smo da će područje oko reke Pauder
04:16
will henceforth be closed to all whites.
90
256003
2139
biti zatvoreno za sve belce.
04:18
The treaty seemed to be a complete victory
91
258761
2058
Sporazum je izgledao kao potpuna pobeda
04:20
for Red Cloud and the Sioux.
92
260843
1460
za Crvenog Oblaka i Sijukse.
04:22
In fact, this is the only war in American history
93
262327
2912
Zapravo, ovo je jedini rat u američkoj istoriji
u kome je vlada sklopila mir
04:26
in which the government negotiated a peace
94
266072
2236
04:28
by conceding everything demanded by the enemy.
95
268332
2671
tako što je pristala na sve zahteve neprijatelja.
1869:
04:34
1869: The Transcontinental Railroad was completed.
96
274013
3742
završena je transkontinentalna železnica.
04:37
It began carrying, among other things, large numbers of hunters,
97
277779
3387
Počela je da prevozi, između ostalog i veliki broj lovaca,
04:41
who began the wholesale killing of buffalo,
98
281190
2346
koji su počeli da ubijaju bizone na veliko,
04:43
eliminating a source of food, clothing and shelter for the Sioux.
99
283560
3558
eliminišući izvor hrane, odeće i skloništa za Sijukse.
04:47
1871:
100
287142
1216
1871:
04:48
The Indian Appropriation Act
101
288937
1660
Zakon o aproprijaciji Indijanaca
04:50
makes all Indians wards of the federal government.
102
290621
2339
pretvorio je sve Indijance u vladine štićenike.
04:53
In addition, the military issued orders
103
293559
2151
Pored toga, vojska je izdavala naređenja
04:55
forbidding western Indians from leaving reservations.
104
295734
2864
kojima je zapadnim Indijancima zabranila da napuštaju rezervate.
04:59
All western Indians at that point in time were now prisoners of war.
105
299414
4084
Svi zapadni Indijanci su u tom trenutku
postali ratni zarobljenici.
Takođe, 1871.
05:04
Also in 1871,
106
304163
1447
05:05
we ended the time of treaty-making.
107
305634
1977
smo završili sa sklapanjem sporazuma.
05:07
The problem with treaties is they allow tribes to exist as sovereign nations,
108
307635
3692
Problem sa sporazumima je taj što omogućavaju plemenima da postoje
kao suverene nacije, a to ne smemo dozvoliti;
05:11
and we can't have that.
109
311351
1170
05:12
We had plans.
110
312545
1197
jer smo imali planove.
05:14
1874:
111
314814
1223
1874:
05:16
General George Custer announced the discovery of gold in Lakota territory,
112
316061
3556
General Džordž Kaster je objavio otkriće zlata na teritoriji Lakota,
05:19
specifically the Black Hills.
113
319641
1685
tačnije na Blek Hilsu.
05:21
The news of gold creates a massive influx of white settlers
114
321350
2811
Vest o zlatu je dovela do masivnog doseljavanja belaca,
na teritoriju Lakota.
05:24
into Lakota Nation.
115
324185
1185
05:25
Custer recommends that Congress find a way
116
325974
2033
Kaster preporučuje da Kongres nađe način
da okonča sporazume sa Lakotama
05:28
to end the treaties with the Lakota as soon as possible.
117
328031
2920
što je moguće pre.
05:31
1875: The Lakota war begins
118
331308
3033
1875: počinje rat s Lakotama
05:34
over the violation of the Fort Laramie Treaty.
119
334365
2652
zbog kršenja sporazuma iz Fort Laramija.
05:37
1876:
120
337811
1201
1876:
05:39
On July 26th,
121
339582
1658
26. jula,
05:41
on its way to attack a Lakota village,
122
341264
2219
kada je krenula da napadne selo Lakota,
05:43
Custer's 7th Cavalry was crushed
123
343507
2064
Kasterova Sedma konjica poražena je
05:45
at the battle of Little Big Horn.
124
345595
1649
u bici kod Litl Big Horna.
1877.
05:48
1877:
125
348006
1196
05:49
The great Lakota warrior and chief named Crazy Horse
126
349845
3044
Veliki Lakota ratnik i poglavica Ludi Konj
05:52
surrendered at Fort Robinson.
127
352913
1723
predao se kod Fort Robinsona.
05:55
He was later killed while in custody.
128
355103
2016
Kasnije je ubijen u pritvoru.
1877. je ujedno i godina kada smo našli način
06:01
1877 is also the year we found a way to get around the Fort Laramie Treaties.
129
361195
4688
da zaobiđemo sporazume iz Fort Laramija.
06:05
A new agreement was presented to Sioux chiefs and their leading men,
130
365907
3293
Novi dogovor predstavljen je poglavicama i starešinama Sijuksa
u kampanji pod nazivom "prodaj ili gladuj".
06:09
under a campaign known as "Sell or Starve" --
131
369224
2412
06:11
sign the paper, or no food for your tribe.
132
371660
2305
Potpišite papire ili neće biti hrane za vaše pleme.
06:14
Only 10 percent of the adult male population signed.
133
374416
2716
Samo 10% odraslih muškaraca je potpisalo.
06:17
The Fort Laramie Treaty called for at least three-quarters of the tribe
134
377846
3719
Prema Fort Laramijskom sporazumu,
bar tri četvrtine plemena moralo je
06:21
to sign away land.
135
381589
1159
da otpiše zemlju.
06:23
That clause was obviously ignored.
136
383514
1828
Ta klauzula je očigledno zanemarena.
06:25
1887: The Dawes Act.
137
385969
2552
1887: Dozov zakon.
Nema više zajedničke svojine nad zemljom u rezervatima.
06:29
Communal ownership of reservation lands ends.
138
389071
2565
06:31
Reservations are cut up into 160-acre sections,
139
391660
3091
Rezervati su rasparčani na parcele od po 65 hektara,
06:34
and distributed to individual Indians
140
394775
1981
i podeljeni Indijancima ponaosob,
06:36
with the surplus disposed of.
141
396780
1856
a višak im je oduzet.
06:38
Tribes lost millions of acres.
142
398660
1819
Plemena su izgubila milione hektara.
06:41
The American dream of individual land ownership
143
401582
2247
Američki san o privatnoj svojini
06:43
turned out to be a very clever way
144
403853
1995
pokazao se kao veoma lukav način
06:45
to divide the reservation until nothing was left.
145
405872
2922
da se rezervat razdeli dok od istog ne ostane ništa.
06:49
The move destroyed the reservations,
146
409301
1846
Taj potez uništio je rezervate,
06:51
making it easier to further subdivide and to sell
147
411171
2950
tako da je sa svakom novom generacijom
bivalo lakše deliti ih dalje i prodavati.
06:54
with every passing generation.
148
414145
1921
06:56
Most of the surplus land
149
416415
1715
Većina preostale zemlje
06:58
and many of the plots within reservation boundaries
150
418154
2636
i veliki broj placeva u okviru rezervata
07:00
are now in the hands of white ranchers.
151
420814
1966
sada su u rukama belih vlasnika rančeva.
07:03
Once again, the fat of the land goes to wasichu.
152
423294
3173
Još jednom, najbogatiji deo zemlje odlazi vašičuu.
07:07
1890: A date I believe to be the most important in this slide show.
153
427421
4626
1890. je godina koju smatram
najvažnijom u ovoj prezentaciji.
07:12
This is the year of the Wounded Knee Massacre.
154
432428
2423
Ovo je godina Pokolja na Vundid Ni Kriku.
29. decembra,
07:15
On December 29,
155
435497
1421
07:16
US troops surrounded a Sioux encampment at Wounded Knee Creek,
156
436942
3182
američke trupe opkolile su kamp Sijuksa na Vundid Ni Kriku,
i iskasapile poglavicu Veliko Stopalo
07:20
and massacred Chief Big Foot and 300 prisoners of war,
157
440148
4049
i još 300 ratnih zarobljenika,
koristeći novo rafalno oružje,
07:24
using a new rapid-fire weapon that fired exploding shells,
158
444221
3502
koje ispaljuje eksplodirajuće metke,
07:27
called a Hotchkiss gun.
159
447747
1158
poznato kao Hočkis mitraljez.
07:29
For this so-called "battle,"
160
449810
1580
Za ovu takozvanu bitku,
07:31
20 Congressional Medals of Honor for Valor
161
451414
3003
Kongres je dodelio 20 medalja časti
07:34
were given to the 7th Cavalry.
162
454441
1832
Sedmoj konjici.
07:37
To this day,
163
457660
1303
Do današnjeg dana,
ovo je najveći broj medalja časti
07:40
this is the most Medals of Honor ever awarded for a single battle.
164
460265
4108
ikad dodeljenih za jednu bitku.
07:45
More Medals of Honor were given
165
465279
1620
Više medalja časti je ovde dodeljeno
07:46
for the indiscriminate slaughter of women and children
166
466923
2530
za ubijanje kako žena tako i dece
07:49
than for any battle in World War One,
167
469477
2872
nego u bilo kojoj bici u Prvom svetskom ratu,
07:52
World War Two,
168
472373
1341
Drugom svetskom ratu,
07:53
Korea, Vietnam,
169
473738
2311
Koreji, Vijetnamu,
Iraku ili Avganistanu.
07:56
Iraq or Afghanistan.
170
476073
2077
08:00
The Wounded Knee Massacre is considered the end of the Indian wars.
171
480071
3668
Pokolj na Vundid Ni Kriku
smatra se završetkom indijanskih ratova.
08:05
Whenever I visit the site of the mass grave at Wounded Knee,
172
485102
3460
Kad god posetim mesto
masovne grobnice na Vundid Niju,
08:08
I see it not just as a grave for the Lakota or for the Sioux,
173
488586
4402
ja ne vidim samo grobnicu
Lakota ili Sijuksa,
već grobnicu svih domorodačkih naroda.
08:13
but as a grave for all indigenous peoples.
174
493012
2391
08:18
The holy man Black Elk, said,
175
498490
2540
Sveti čovek Crni Los kazao je:
"Nisam tada znao
08:21
"I did not know then how much was ended.
176
501054
2393
koliko toga se završilo.
08:24
When I look back now from this high hill of my old age,
177
504997
3417
Sada, kada se osvrnem
sa ovog visokog brega moje starosti,
08:28
I can still see the butchered women and children
178
508438
2581
još uvek mogu videti zaklane žene i decu
kako leže na gomili ili razbacani naokolo
08:31
lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch,
179
511043
4071
duž čitavog klanca
jasno kao što sam ih video
08:39
as plain as when I saw them
180
519011
1935
08:40
with eyes still young.
181
520970
1437
svojim mladim očima.
08:46
And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud
182
526262
3315
I vidim da je još nešto umrlo tamo u krvavom blatu,
08:51
and was buried in the blizzard.
183
531235
1696
i ostalo sahranjeno u vejavici.
08:54
A people's dream died there.
184
534643
1957
San jednog naroda umro je tamo.
08:57
And it was a beautiful dream."
185
537783
1809
Bio je to divan san."
Ovim događajem
09:02
With this event,
186
542338
1456
09:03
a new era in Native American history began.
187
543818
3000
započela je nova era u istoriji američkih domorodaca.
09:07
Everything can be measured before Wounded Knee and after,
188
547660
4976
Sve se može izmeriti
u okviru događaja pre i posle Vundid Nija.
09:12
because it was in this moment,
189
552660
1767
Jer u tom trenutku,
09:14
with the fingers on the triggers of the Hotchkiss guns,
190
554451
3287
sa prstom na obaraču mitraljeza Hočkis,
09:17
that the US government openly declared its position on Native rights.
191
557762
3874
američka vlada javno je pokazala svoj stav prema pravima domorodaca.
Dosadili su im sporazumi.
09:22
They were tired of treaties.
192
562119
1517
Dosadila su im sveta brda.
09:24
They were tired of sacred hills.
193
564055
1968
Dosadili su im plesovi duhova.
09:26
They were tired of ghost dances.
194
566047
1833
09:28
And they were tired of all the inconveniences of the Sioux.
195
568936
3015
I dosadilo im je da ih Sijuksi uznemiravaju.
09:32
So they brought out their cannons.
196
572555
1635
Zato su izneli svoje topove.
09:35
"You want to be an Indian now?" they said,
197
575973
2327
"Još uvek želiš da budeš Indijanac," rekli su,
09:38
finger on the trigger.
198
578324
1262
sa prstom na obaraču.
09:45
1900:
199
585816
1166
1900:
09:47
the US Indian population reached its low point --
200
587808
3470
populacija Indijanaca u SAD spala je na minimum -
09:51
less than 250,000,
201
591302
2532
manje od 250.000,
09:53
compared to an estimated eight million in 1492.
202
593858
3802
u poređenju sa procenjenih 8 miliona
iz 1492.
09:59
Fast-forward.
203
599756
1183
Premotajmo unapred.
10:01
1980:
204
601660
1207
1980:
10:03
The longest-running court case in US history,
205
603493
2699
Najduži sudski spor u istoriji SAD,
Narod Sijuksa protiv Sjedinjenih Država,
10:06
the Sioux Nation versus the United States,
206
606216
2581
10:08
was ruled upon by the US Supreme Court.
207
608821
2666
vodio se na Vrhovnom sudu SAD.
10:12
The court determined that when the Sioux were resettled onto reservations
208
612533
3523
Sud je utvrdio da, kada su Sijuksi preseljeni u rezervate
i tri miliona hektara njihove zemlje
10:16
and seven million acres of their land were opened up
209
616080
3087
postalo dostupno doseljenicima u potrazi za zlatom,
10:19
to prospectors and homesteaders,
210
619191
2050
10:21
the terms of the second Fort Laramie Treaty
211
621265
2563
uslovi drugog sporazuma iz Fort Laramija
10:23
had been violated.
212
623852
1207
bili su prekršeni.
10:25
The court stated that the Black Hills were illegally taken,
213
625792
3740
Sud je izrekao
da je područje Blek Hilsa oduzeto ilegalno
10:29
and that the initial offering price, plus interest,
214
629556
2615
i da cena prvobitne ponude
treba biti isplaćena Sijuksima uz kamatu.
10:32
should be paid to the Sioux Nation.
215
632195
1794
10:34
As payment for the Black Hills,
216
634560
1552
Kao nadoknadu za Blek Hils,
10:36
the court awarded only 106 million dollars to the Sioux Nation.
217
636136
4432
sud je dodelio samo 106 miliona dolara
narodu Sijuksa.
10:40
The Sioux refused the money with the rallying cry,
218
640592
3044
Sijuksi su odbili novac jednoglasnim povicima:
10:43
"The Black Hills are not for sale."
219
643660
1976
"Blek Hils nije na prodaju."
10:46
2010:
220
646890
1159
2010:
10:48
Statistics about Native population today,
221
648589
2792
Statistika o stanju domorodačke populacije danas,
10:51
more than a century after the massacre at Wounded Knee,
222
651405
3231
više od veka nakon Pokolja na Vundid Niju,
10:54
reveal the legacy of colonization,
223
654660
2585
otkriva posledice kolonizacije,
prisilno migriranje
10:57
forced migration
224
657269
1268
10:58
and treaty violations.
225
658561
1443
i prekršavanje sporazuma.
Nezaposlenost u rezervatu Pajn Ridž
11:01
Unemployment on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
226
661155
2430
11:03
fluctuates between 85 and 90 percent.
227
663609
2578
kreće se između 85 i 90 odsto.
11:06
The housing office is unable to build new structures,
228
666949
2849
Građevinski ured ne može da izgradi nove objekte,
11:09
and existing structures are falling apart.
229
669822
2136
a postojeći su u procesu raspadanja.
Mnogi su beskućnici,
11:12
Many are homeless,
230
672290
1169
11:13
and those with homes are packed into rotting buildings
231
673483
2559
a oni sa kućama zbijeni su u istrulelim zgradama
sa čak i do pet porodica.
11:16
with up to five families.
232
676066
1345
11:17
Thirty-nine percent of homes on Pine Ridge
233
677858
2207
39 odsto domova u Pajn Ridžu
nema struje.
11:20
have no electricity.
234
680089
1237
11:21
At least 60 percent of the homes on the reservation
235
681784
2669
Najmanje 60 odsto domova u rezervatu
11:24
are infested with black mold.
236
684477
1817
preplavljeno je toksičnom crnom buđi.
Preko 90 odsto populacije
11:27
More than 90 percent of the population lives below the federal poverty line.
237
687000
4265
živi ispod državne granice siromaštva.
Stopa tuberkuloze u Pajn Ridžu
11:32
The tuberculosis rate on Pine Ridge
238
692074
2160
11:34
is approximately eight times higher than the US national average.
239
694258
3191
je približno osam puta viša od državnog proseka.
11:37
The infant mortality rate is the highest on this continent,
240
697875
3230
Stopa smrtnosti odojčadi
je najviša na kontinentu
11:41
and is about three times higher than the US national average.
241
701129
3308
i oko tri puta viša od državnog proseka.
11:44
Cervical cancer is five times higher
242
704461
2395
Rak grlića materice je pet puta češći
11:46
than the US national average.
243
706880
1811
od državnog proseka.
11:48
The school dropout rate is up to 70 percent.
244
708715
2753
Stopa odustajanja od školovanja doseže 70 odsto.
Smenjivanje nastavnika
11:52
Teacher turnover is eight times higher than the US national average.
245
712059
4105
je osam puta češće od državnog proseka.
11:56
Frequently, grandparents are raising their grandchildren
246
716660
3369
Neretko, bake i dede podižu svoje unuke
12:00
because parents, due to alcoholism,
247
720053
2318
jer roditelji, usled odavanja alkoholizmu,
12:02
domestic violence and general apathy,
248
722395
2725
nasilja u porodici i opšte apatije,
nisu u stanju da to čine.
12:05
cannot raise them.
249
725144
1198
12:07
Fifty percent of the population over the age of 40
250
727342
3071
50 odsto populacije iznad 40 godina starosti
12:10
suffers from diabetes.
251
730437
1476
boluje od dijabetesa.
12:12
The life expectancy for men is between 46 and 48 years old --
252
732894
5869
Očekivani životni vek za muškarce
je između 46 i 48 godina -
12:19
roughly the same as in Afghanistan and Somalia.
253
739525
4003
gotovo jednako
Avganistanu i Somaliji.
12:25
The last chapter in any successful genocide
254
745398
3540
Poslednje poglavlje svakog uspešnog genocida
12:28
is the one in which the oppressor
255
748962
1977
je ono kada opresor
12:30
can remove their hands and say,
256
750963
2540
može dići ruke i reći:
12:33
"My god -- what are these people doing to themselves?
257
753527
3462
"Bože, šta to sebi čine ovi ljudi?
Ubijaju jedni druge.
12:37
They're killing each other.
258
757013
1696
12:38
They're killing themselves
259
758733
1903
Ubijaju sami sebe
12:40
while we watch them die."
260
760660
1649
dok ih mi gledamo kako umiru."
12:43
This is how we came to own these United States.
261
763501
2976
Tako smo došli u posed naših Sjedinjenih Država.
12:46
This is the legacy
262
766960
1294
Ovo je nasleđe
12:48
of Manifest Destiny.
263
768279
1626
vidljive sudbine.
12:50
Prisoners are still born into prisoner of war camps,
264
770713
4227
Zarobljenici se i dalje rađaju
u logorima za ratne zarobljenike
12:54
long after the guards are gone.
265
774964
1962
iako stražara već odavno nema.
12:59
These are the bones left after the best meat has been taken.
266
779709
4643
Ovo su kosti koje su ostale
nakon što im je oduzeto svo meso.
Jednom davno,
13:07
A long time ago,
267
787151
1318
13:08
a series of events was set in motion
268
788493
1977
niz događaja pokrenuli su
13:10
by a people who look like me, by wasichu,
269
790494
3502
ljudi koji izgledaju kao ja, vašiču,
13:14
eager to take the land and the water and the gold in the hills.
270
794020
3459
željni zemljišta i vode
i zlata sa planina.
13:18
Those events led to a domino effect that has yet to end.
271
798462
3084
Ti događaji proizveli su domino efekat
koji još uvek traje.
13:22
As removed as we, the dominant society, may feel
272
802588
3439
Koliko god mi kao dominirajuće društvo bili udaljeni
13:27
from a massacre in 1890,
273
807414
2593
od masakra iz 1890.
13:30
or a series of broken treaties 150 years ago,
274
810031
3726
ili niza prekršenih sporazuma od pre 150 godina,
13:34
I still have to ask you the question:
275
814231
2161
ja vas svejedno moram pitati,
13:37
How should you feel about the statistics of today?
276
817344
2627
kako doživljavate današnju statistiku?
Kakva je veza
13:41
What is the connection between these images of suffering
277
821138
3164
između ovih slika stradanja
13:44
and the history that I just read to you?
278
824326
1976
i istorije koju sam vam upravo pročitao?
I koji deo te istorije
13:47
And how much of this history do you need to own, even?
279
827190
2850
je zapravo vaš?
13:50
Is any of this your responsibility today?
280
830739
2251
Da li je išta od toga vaša odgovornost danas?
13:54
I have been told that there must be something we can do.
281
834533
2693
Rečeno mi je da mora biti nešto što možemo učiniti.
13:57
There must be some call to action.
282
837250
2426
Mora biti nekog poziva na akciju.
14:00
Because for so long, I've been standing on the sidelines,
283
840957
3075
Jer toliko sam dugo stajao po strani
zadovoljan svojom ulogom svedoka,
14:04
content to be a witness,
284
844469
1626
samo snimajući fotografije.
14:06
just taking photographs.
285
846119
1864
14:08
Because the solutions seem so far in the past,
286
848921
2599
Jer rešenje je, čini se, tako daleko u prošlosti,
14:11
I needed nothing short of a time machine to access them.
287
851544
3333
da mi ništa manje od vremenske mašine
neće pomoći da ga pronađem.
14:15
The suffering of indigenous peoples is not a simple issue to fix.
288
855940
5108
Stradanje domorodačkih naroda
nije jednostavan problem.
14:21
It's not something everyone can get behind
289
861900
2016
Nije to nešto u čemu bi svako mogao učestvovati
14:23
the way they get behind helping Haiti,
290
863940
1849
kao što je pomoć Haitiju,
14:25
or ending AIDS, or fighting a famine.
291
865813
2403
suzbijanje side ili borba protiv gladi.
14:28
The "fix," as it's called,
292
868999
1966
Rešenje tog problema
14:30
may be much more difficult for the dominant society
293
870989
2647
mnogo je složenije za dominirajuće društvo
14:33
than, say, a $50 check
294
873660
2297
od, recimo, čeka na 50 dolara,
14:35
or a church trip to paint some graffiti-covered houses,
295
875981
3297
ili crkvenih akcija
krečenja kuća išaranih grafitima,
14:39
or a suburban family
296
879302
1611
ili neke porodice iz predgrađa
14:40
donating a box of clothes they don't even want anymore.
297
880937
2976
koja donira kutiju odeće koju više ne želi.
14:44
So where does that leave us?
298
884556
1395
Dakle, u koji nas položaj to postavlja?
14:46
Shrugging our shoulders in the dark?
299
886436
2064
Sleganje ramenima u mraku?
14:50
The United States continues on a daily basis to violate the terms
300
890270
4680
Sjedinjene Države
svakodnevno nastavljaju
da krše uslove sporazuma
14:54
of the 1851 and 1868 Fort Laramie Treaties with the Lakota.
301
894974
4449
iz 1851. i 1868.
u Fort Laramiju.
14:59
The call to action I offer today --
302
899983
2332
Ono što ja predlažem danas -
15:03
my TED wish -- is this:
303
903152
2049
moja TED želja je:
15:06
Honor the treaties.
304
906611
1281
ispoštujmo sporazume.
15:08
Give back the Black Hills.
305
908485
1697
Vratimo im Blek Hils.
15:10
It's not your business what they do with them.
306
910579
2242
Šta će oni s njim raditi nije vaša stvar.
15:15
(Applause)
307
915158
6879
(Aplauz)
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7