AnnMarie Thomas: Hands-on science with squishy circuits

123,300 views ・ 2011-04-04

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Dejan Gavrilovic Lektor: Ivana Korom
00:15
I'm a huge believer in hands-on education.
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Veliki sam ljubitelj edukacije "iz prve ruke".
00:19
But you have to have the right tools.
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Ali za to moramo imati određene alate.
00:21
If I'm going to teach my daughter about electronics,
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Ako želim da učim svoju ćerku o elektronici,
00:24
I'm not going to give her a soldering iron.
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neću joj dati lemilicu.
00:26
And similarly, she finds prototyping boards
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Ili nešto slično tome, pošto su štampane ploče
00:28
really frustrating for her little hands.
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veoma nezgodne za njene male ruke.
00:31
So my wonderful student Sam and I
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Tako da smo moj divni student Sem i ja
00:34
decided to look at the most tangible thing we could think of:
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odlučili da pronađemo najopipljivije stvari kojih smo se setili,
00:36
Play-Doh.
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testo za igru (plastelin kućne izrade).
00:38
And so we spent a summer
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I tako smo proveli leto
00:40
looking at different Play-Doh recipes.
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tražeći različite recepte za plastelin.
00:42
And these recipes probably look really familiar
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Ovi recepti verovatno izgledaju veoma poznato
00:44
to any of you who have made homemade play-dough --
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za bilo koga od vas ko je pravio plastelin kućne izrade --
00:46
pretty standard ingredients you probably have in your kitchen.
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standardnih sastojaka koje verovatno imate u vašoj kuhinji.
00:49
We have two favorite recipes --
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Imamo dva omiljena recepta --
00:51
one that has these ingredients
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jedan koji ima sledeće sastojke
00:53
and a second that had sugar instead of salt.
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i drugi koji ima šećer umesto soli.
00:55
And they're great. We can make great little sculptures with these.
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I oni su super. Možemo praviti sjajne male figurice sa njima.
00:58
But the really cool thing about them is when we put them together.
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Ali ono što je super kod njih događa se kad ih spojimo zajedno.
01:01
You see that really salty Play-Doh?
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Vidite, plastelin sa puno soli,
01:03
Well, it conducts electricity.
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on provodi struju.
01:05
And this is nothing new.
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I to nije ništa novo.
01:07
It turns out that regular Play-Doh that you buy at the store conducts electricity,
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Ispostavlja se da plastelin koji kupujete u prodavnici provodi struju,
01:09
and high school physics teachers have used that for years.
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i srednjoškolski nastavnici fizike to koriste godinama.
01:12
But our homemade play-dough
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Ali naš plastelin kućne izrade
01:14
actually has half the resistance of commercial Play-Doh.
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ustvari ima upola manje otpornosti od komercijalnog plastelina.
01:16
And that sugar dough?
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A plastelin pravljen sa šećerom?
01:18
Well it's 150 times more resistant to electric current
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Pa on je 150 puta otporniji na električnu struju
01:20
than that salt dough.
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od plastelina pravljenog od soli.
01:22
So what does that mean?
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I šta to znači?
01:24
Well it means if you them together you suddenly have circuits --
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To znači da ako ih spojite zajedno dobijate kolo --
01:27
circuits that the most creative, tiny, little hands
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kola koja najkreativnije male ruke
01:30
can build on their own.
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mogu same da stvore.
01:33
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
01:38
And so I want to do a little demo for you.
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Htela bi da vam prikažem mali demo.
01:42
So if I take this salt dough,
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Ako uzmem ovaj plastelin pravljen od soli --
01:44
again, it's like the play-dough you probably made as kids,
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opet govorim, ovo je verovatno plastelin koji ste pravili kao deca --
01:46
and I plug it in --
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I kad ga priključim
01:48
it's a two-lead battery pack, simple battery pack,
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u jednostavno pakovanje baterija koje --
01:51
you can buy them at Radio Shack
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možete ih kupiti u prodavnici uređaja
01:53
and pretty much anywhere else --
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ili čak bilo gde
01:55
we can actually then
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onda ustvari
01:58
light things up.
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dobijamo svetlost.
02:02
But if any of you have studied electrical engineering,
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Ako je neko od vas studirao elektroniku, zna
02:04
we can also create a short circuit.
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da takođe možemo napraviti kratak spoj.
02:06
If I push these together, the light turns off.
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Ako ih spojim, svetlo će se ugasiti.
02:09
Right, the current wants to run through the play-dough, not through that LED.
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U redu, struja želi da prođe kroz plastelin, a ne kroz LED diodu.
02:11
If I separate them again, I have some light.
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Ako ih odvojim, opet će raditi.
02:13
Well now if I take that sugar dough,
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I sad ako uzmem plastelin pravljen od šećera,
02:15
the sugar dough doesn't want to conduct electricity.
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a šećer ne provodi struju.
02:17
It's like a wall to the electricity.
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Ponaša se kao zid za struju.
02:19
If I place that between, now all the dough is touching,
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Ako ga stavim između, tako da se svi plastelini dodiruju,
02:22
but if I stick that light back in,
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i ako opet priključim bateriju,
02:24
I have light.
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imam svetlo.
02:26
In fact, I could even add some movement to my sculptures.
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Ustvari, mogla bih da dodam pokret mojim skulpturama.
02:29
If I want a spinning tail, let's grab a motor,
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Ako želim da dodam motor, mogu da ga dodam,
02:31
put some play-dough on it, stick it on
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staviću malo plastelina na njega, priključiću ga
02:34
and we have spinning.
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i motor se pokreće.
02:36
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
02:40
And once you have the basics,
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Kada naučite osnove,
02:42
we can make a slightly more complicated circuit.
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možete praviti malo komplikovanija kola.
02:44
We call this our sushi circuit. It's very popular with kids.
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Ovo zovemo suši kolo. Veoma je popularno kod dece.
02:47
I plug in again the power to it.
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Opet ću da ga uključim.
02:50
And now I can start talking about parallel and series circuits.
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Sada već mogu pričati o paralernim i serijskim krugovima.
02:53
I can start plugging in lots of lights.
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Mogu priključivati mnogo više dioda.
02:58
And we can start talking about things like electrical load.
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Možemo pričati čak i o električnom opterećenju.
03:01
What happens if I put in lots of lights
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Šta se dešava kad postavim puno LED dioda
03:03
and then add a motor?
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i onda dodam motor?
03:05
It'll dim.
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Radiće.
03:07
We can even add microprocessors
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Možemo dodati čak i mikroprocesore
03:10
and have this as an input
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i imati ovo kao izvor
03:12
and create squishy sound music that we've done.
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i kreirati mnogo kompleksnija kola.
03:15
You could do parallel and series circuits
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Možete praviti paralelna i serijska kola
03:17
for kids using this.
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za decu.
03:20
So this is all in your home kitchen.
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Dakle, ovo je sve u vašoj kuhinji.
03:23
We've actually tried to turn it into an electrical engineering lab.
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Koju smo pokušali da pretvorimo u električnu laboratoriju.
03:26
We have a website, it's all there. These are the home recipes.
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Imamo i web sajt, sve je tamo. Ovo su kućni recepti.
03:29
We've got some videos. You can make them yourselves.
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Imamo i video klipove. Možete ih sami praviti.
03:31
And it's been really fun since we put them up to see where these have gone.
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Bilo je zabavno od kad smo ih postavili da vidimo dokle smo dogurali.
03:34
We've had a mom in Utah who used them with her kids,
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Jedna majka u Juti koristi ih sa svojom decom
03:36
to a science researcher in the U.K.,
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pa čak i naučnik u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu
03:38
and curriculum developers in Hawaii.
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i programer na Havajima.
03:41
So I would encourage you all to grab some Play-Doh,
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Tako da vas ohrarujem da uzmete plastelin,
03:43
grab some salt, grab some sugar and start playing.
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malo soli, brašna i šećera i počnete da se igrate.
03:46
We don't usually think of our kitchen as an electrical engineering lab
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Ne razmišljamo o kuhinji kao o laboratoriji električnog inžinjeringa
03:49
or little kids as circuit designers,
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ili o maloj deci kao dizajnerima kola,
03:51
but maybe we should.
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ali bi možda trebalo.
03:53
Have fun. Thank you.
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Uživajte. Hvala.
03:55
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
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