AnnMarie Thomas: Hands-on science with squishy circuits

123,553 views ใƒป 2011-04-04

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Sigal Tifferet ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
I'm a huge believer in hands-on education.
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช.
00:19
But you have to have the right tools.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื.
00:21
If I'm going to teach my daughter about electronics,
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ืื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ื‘ืช ืฉืœื™ ืขืœ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื”,
00:24
I'm not going to give her a soldering iron.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืืชืŸ ืœื” ืžืœื—ื.
00:26
And similarly, she finds prototyping boards
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”, ื’ื ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื™ืค
00:28
really frustrating for her little hands.
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ืžืชืกื›ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืขื ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”.
00:31
So my wonderful student Sam and I
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ืื– ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ื”ื ืคืœื ืฉืœื™ ืกื ื•ืื ื™
00:34
decided to look at the most tangible thing we could think of:
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื•,
00:36
Play-Doh.
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ื‘ืฆืง ืžืฉื—ืง.
00:38
And so we spent a summer
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ื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ืฉืขื‘ืจ
00:40
looking at different Play-Doh recipes.
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ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืง.
00:42
And these recipes probably look really familiar
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ื•ื”ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื
00:44
to any of you who have made homemade play-dough --
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ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืžื›ื ืฉื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืช -
00:46
pretty standard ingredients you probably have in your kitchen.
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ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื˜ื— ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื—.
00:49
We have two favorite recipes --
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ืขื“ืคื™ื -
00:51
one that has these ingredients
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ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” (ื‘ืฉืงืฃ)
00:53
and a second that had sugar instead of salt.
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ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ืขื ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืœื—.
00:55
And they're great. We can make great little sculptures with these.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืื™ืชื ืคืกืœื•ื ื™ื ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื.
00:58
But the really cool thing about them is when we put them together.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืคื” ื‘ื”ื ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื.
01:01
You see that really salty Play-Doh?
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื‘ืฆืง ืžืœื•ื— ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“,
01:03
Well, it conducts electricity.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืœื™ืš ื—ืฉืžืœ.
01:05
And this is nothing new.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื—ื“ืฉ.
01:07
It turns out that regular Play-Doh that you buy at the store conducts electricity,
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ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื‘ืฆืง ืฉืงื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืœื™ืš ื—ืฉืžืœ,
01:09
and high school physics teachers have used that for years.
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ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ื.
01:12
But our homemade play-dough
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืง ืฉื”ื›ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช
01:14
actually has half the resistance of commercial Play-Doh.
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืฆืง ืงื ื•ื™.
01:16
And that sugar dough?
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ื•ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ืฆืง ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ?
01:18
Well it's 150 times more resistant to electric current
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ 150 ืœื–ืจื ื—ืฉืžืœื™
01:20
than that salt dough.
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ืžื”ื‘ืฆืง ื”ืžืœื•ื—.
01:22
So what does that mean?
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ืื– ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ?
01:24
Well it means if you them together you suddenly have circuits --
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ืชืฉื™ืžื• ืื•ืชื ื™ื—ื“ ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืžืขื’ืœื™ื -
01:27
circuits that the most creative, tiny, little hands
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ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช
01:30
can build on their own.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ.
01:33
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
01:38
And so I want to do a little demo for you.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื”ื“ื’ืžื” ืงืฆืจื”.
01:42
So if I take this salt dough,
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ืื ืื ื™ ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืฆืง ื”ืžืœื•ื— ื”ื–ื” -
01:44
again, it's like the play-dough you probably made as kids,
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ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฆืง ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืชื ืคืขื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช -
01:46
and I plug it in --
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืื•ืชื•
01:48
it's a two-lead battery pack, simple battery pack,
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ื–ื” ืžืืจื– ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช -
01:51
you can buy them at Radio Shack
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ
01:53
and pretty much anywhere else --
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ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื -
01:55
we can actually then
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืื–
01:58
light things up.
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ืœื”ืื™ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
02:02
But if any of you have studied electrical engineering,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื›ื ืœืžื“ ื”ื ื“ืกืช ื—ืฉืžืœ,
02:04
we can also create a short circuit.
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ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฆืจ.
02:06
If I push these together, the light turns off.
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ืื ืื ื™ ื“ื•ื—ืคืช ืืช ืฉื ื™ ืืœื” ื™ื—ื“, ื”ืื•ืจ ื ื›ื‘ื”.
02:09
Right, the current wants to run through the play-dough, not through that LED.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ื–ืจื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ืฆืง, ืœื ื“ืจืš ื”LED.
02:11
If I separate them again, I have some light.
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ืื ืื ื™ ืžืคืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉื•ื‘, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืื•ืจ.
02:13
Well now if I take that sugar dough,
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ืื– ืื ืืงื— ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืช ื‘ืฆืง ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ,
02:15
the sugar dough doesn't want to conduct electricity.
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ื‘ืฆืง ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื•ืœื™ืš ื—ืฉืžืœ.
02:17
It's like a wall to the electricity.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืงื™ืจ ืœื—ืฉืžืœ.
02:19
If I place that between, now all the dough is touching,
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ืื ืื ื™ ืฉืžื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืืžืฆืข, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืฆืง ื‘ืžื’ืข,
02:22
but if I stick that light back in,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื ื™ ืชื•ืงืขืช ืืช ื”ื ื•ืจื” ื—ื–ืจื” ืคื ื™ืžื”,
02:24
I have light.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืื•ืจ.
02:26
In fact, I could even add some movement to my sculptures.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืงืฆืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืคืกืœื™ื ืฉืœื™.
02:29
If I want a spinning tail, let's grab a motor,
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ืื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ื–ื ื‘ ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื™ืงื— ืžื ื•ืข,
02:31
put some play-dough on it, stick it on
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ื ืฉื™ื ืงืฆืช ื‘ืฆืง ืขืœื™ื•, ื ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืื•ืชื•
02:34
and we have spinning.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื.
02:36
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
02:40
And once you have the basics,
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ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก,
02:42
we can make a slightly more complicated circuit.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœ ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘.
02:44
We call this our sushi circuit. It's very popular with kids.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” ืžืขื’ืœ ืกื•ืฉื™. ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืคื•ืคืœืจื™ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
02:47
I plug in again the power to it.
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ืื ื™ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืื•ืชื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ืฉืžืœ.
02:50
And now I can start talking about parallel and series circuits.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ.
02:53
I can start plugging in lots of lights.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืžืœื ื ื•ืจื•ืช.
02:58
And we can start talking about things like electrical load.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืขื•ืžืก ื—ืฉืžืœื™.
03:01
What happens if I put in lots of lights
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื™ืกื” ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื ื•ืจื•ืช
03:03
and then add a motor?
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ื•ืื– ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ืžื ื•ืข?
03:05
It'll dim.
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ื–ื” ื™ื™ื—ืœืฉ.
03:07
We can even add microprocessors
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืžืขื‘ื“ื™ื
03:10
and have this as an input
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ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืงืœื˜
03:12
and create squishy sound music that we've done.
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ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื ืžืขื›ืช.
03:15
You could do parallel and series circuits
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ
03:17
for kids using this.
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ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ื–ื”.
03:20
So this is all in your home kitchen.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื›ื.
03:23
We've actually tried to turn it into an electrical engineering lab.
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ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืœื”ื ื“ืกืช ื—ืฉืžืœ.
03:26
We have a website, it's all there. These are the home recipes.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืชืจ, ืชืžืฆืื• ืฉื ื”ื›ืœ. ืืœื” ื”ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื.
03:29
We've got some videos. You can make them yourselves.
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ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื. ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ.
03:31
And it's been really fun since we put them up to see where these have gone.
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ื•ืžืžืฉ ื›ื™ืฃ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื.
03:34
We've had a mom in Utah who used them with her kids,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืžื ืžื™ื•ื˜ื” ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ื”ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”,
03:36
to a science researcher in the U.K.,
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ื•ืžื“ืขืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”,
03:38
and curriculum developers in Hawaii.
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ื•ืžืคืชื—ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื•ืื™.
03:41
So I would encourage you all to grab some Play-Doh,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฆื” ืœื›ื ืœืงื—ืช ืงืฆืช ื‘ืฆืง,
03:43
grab some salt, grab some sugar and start playing.
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ืงืฆืช ืžืœื—, ืงืฆืช ืกื•ื›ืจ, ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฉื—ืง.
03:46
We don't usually think of our kitchen as an electrical engineering lab
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื“"ื› ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืžืขื‘ื“ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ,
03:49
or little kids as circuit designers,
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ืื• ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื›ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ืžืขื’ืœื™ื,
03:51
but maybe we should.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
03:53
Have fun. Thank you.
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ืชื”ื ื•! ืชื•ื“ื”.
03:55
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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