Connected, but alone? | Sherry Turkle

2,039,056 views ใƒป 2012-04-03

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Avi Cohen ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
Just a moment ago,
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ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ืจื’ืข
00:17
my daughter Rebecca texted me for good luck.
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"ื‘ืชื™ ืจื‘ืงื” ืกื™ืžืกื” ืœื™ "ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
00:21
Her text said,
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ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืœื” ื ืืžืจ,
00:23
"Mom, you will rock."
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"ืืžื, ืืช ืชื”ื™ื™ ืคื’ื–!"
00:26
I love this.
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ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”.
00:28
Getting that text
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ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
00:30
was like getting a hug.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืžื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืง.
00:32
And so there you have it.
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ืื– ืžื” ื“ืขืชื›ื:
00:35
I embody
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ืื ื™ ืžื’ืœืžืช
00:37
the central paradox.
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ืืช ื”ืคืจื“ื•ืงืก ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™.
00:39
I'm a woman
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ืื ื™ ืืฉื”
00:41
who loves getting texts
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ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืกืจื•ื ื™ื
00:43
who's going to tell you
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ื•ืฉืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื
00:45
that too many of them can be a problem.
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ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืžืกืจื•ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื‘ืขื™ื”.
00:48
Actually that reminder of my daughter
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืชื–ื›ื•ืจืช ื”ื–ืืช ืžื‘ืชื™
00:51
brings me to the beginning of my story.
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ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™.
00:54
1996, when I gave my first TEDTalk,
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1996, ื›ืฉื”ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘-TEDTalk,
00:58
Rebecca was five years old
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ืจื‘ืงื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืช ื—ืžืฉ
01:00
and she was sitting right there
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืฉื‘ื” ืžืžืฉ ื›ืืŸ
01:02
in the front row.
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ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
01:04
I had just written a book
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ืžืžืฉ ืื– ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ
01:06
that celebrated our life on the internet
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื
01:08
and I was about to be on the cover
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ื•ืขืžื“ืชื™ ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืฉืขืจ
01:11
of Wired magazine.
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ื”ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ "ื•ื•ื™ืจื“".
01:13
In those heady days,
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžืฉื›ืจื™ื ื”ื”ื,
01:15
we were experimenting
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ื”ืชื ืกื™ื ื•
01:17
with chat rooms and online virtual communities.
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ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ืฆ'ืื˜ ื•ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช.
01:20
We were exploring different aspects of ourselves.
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ื—ืงืจื ื• ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•.
01:24
And then we unplugged.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืชื ืชืงื ื• ืžื”ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื.
01:26
I was excited.
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ื”ืชืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืžืื“.
01:28
And, as a psychologist, what excited me most
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ื•ื›ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืจื™ื’ืฉ ืื•ืชื™
01:31
was the idea
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ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
01:33
that we would use what we learned in the virtual world
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ืฉื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™
01:36
about ourselves, about our identity,
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืฆืžื ื•, ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื”ื•ืชื ื•,
01:39
to live better lives in the real world.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™.
01:42
Now fast-forward to 2012.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ืจื™ืฅ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืœ-2012.
01:45
I'm back here on the TED stage again.
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ืื ื™ ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืžืช TED.
01:48
My daughter's 20. She's a college student.
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ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืช 20. ื”ื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืงื•ืœื’'.
01:51
She sleeps with her cellphone,
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ื”ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื” ืขื ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ืฉืœื”,
01:55
so do I.
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ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืื ื™.
01:57
And I've just written a new book,
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ื•ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื—ื“ืฉ,
02:00
but this time it's not one
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืขื ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืกืคืจ
02:03
that will get me on the cover
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ืฉื™ืฆื™ื’ ืื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืขืจ
02:05
of Wired magazine.
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ืฉืœ ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ "ื•ื•ื™ืจื“".
02:07
So what happened?
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ืื– ืžื” ืงืจื”?
02:10
I'm still excited by technology,
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ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชืจื’ืฉืช ืžื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
02:13
but I believe,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื”,
02:15
and I'm here to make the case,
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ื•ื‘ืืชื™ ืœื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืžืจ
02:17
that we're letting it take us places
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ืฉืื ื• ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืœื–ื” ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช
02:19
that we don't want to go.
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ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืืœื™ื”ื.
02:21
Over the past 15 years,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ืžืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
02:23
I've studied technologies of mobile communication
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื ื™ื™ื“ืช
02:26
and I've interviewed hundreds and hundreds of people,
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ื•ืจืื™ื™ื ืชื™ ืžืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื,
02:29
young and old,
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ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื,
02:31
about their plugged in lives.
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ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
02:33
And what I've found
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ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™
02:35
is that our little devices,
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ืฉื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
02:37
those little devices in our pockets,
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ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืฉื‘ื›ื™ืกื™ื ื•,
02:40
are so psychologically powerful
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ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช
02:42
that they don't only change what we do,
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ืฉื”ื ืœื ืจืง ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื,
02:46
they change who we are.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืืช ืžื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื•.
02:49
Some of the things we do now with our devices
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืขื ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
02:51
are things that, only a few years ago,
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ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืขื˜ื•ืช,
02:54
we would have found odd
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื
02:56
or disturbing,
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ืื• ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ื™ื,
02:58
but they've quickly come to seem familiar,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืžื”ืจ ืžืื“ ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžื•ื›ืจื™ื,
03:01
just how we do things.
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ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
03:03
So just to take some quick examples:
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ื•ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช:
03:06
People text or do email
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกืžืกื™ื ืื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื"ืœ
03:08
during corporate board meetings.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช.
03:11
They text and shop and go on Facebook
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ื”ื ืžืกืžืกื™ื, ืงื•ื ื™ื ื•ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง
03:14
during classes, during presentations,
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ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื, ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช,
03:17
actually during all meetings.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช.
03:19
People talk to me about the important new skill
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”
03:22
of making eye contact
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ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ-ืขื™ืŸ
03:24
while you're texting.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืžืกืžืก
03:26
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:28
People explain to me
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืœื™
03:30
that it's hard, but that it can be done.
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ืฉื–ื” ืงืฉื”, ืื‘ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข.
03:33
Parents text and do email
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ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกืžืกื™ื ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื"ืœ
03:35
at breakfast and at dinner
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ื‘ืืจื•ื—ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ื‘ืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘
03:37
while their children complain
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื
03:40
about not having their parents' full attention.
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ืฉืื™ื ื ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื™ื‘ื ื”ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื.
03:42
But then these same children
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”-ื‘ืขืช ืื•ืชื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื
03:44
deny each other their full attention.
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ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืชืฉื•ืžืช-ืœื‘ ืžืœืื” ื–ื” ืžื–ื”.
03:47
This is a recent shot
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช
03:49
of my daughter and her friends
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ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื”
03:52
being together
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ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“
03:54
while not being together.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
03:57
And we even text at funerals.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืกืžืกื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื•ืช.
03:59
I study this.
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ื—ืงืจืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”.
04:01
We remove ourselves
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•
04:03
from our grief or from our revery
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ืžื”ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืžื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•
04:05
and we go into our phones.
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ื•ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
04:08
Why does this matter?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘?
04:10
It matters to me
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ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™
04:12
because I think we're setting ourselves up for trouble --
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืกื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” --
04:15
trouble certainly
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ื–ื• ืœืœื ืกืคืง ื‘ืขื™ื”
04:17
in how we relate to each other,
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืื™ืš ืฉืื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™,
04:19
but also trouble
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื’ื ื‘ืขื™ื”
04:21
in how we relate to ourselves
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืื™ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื•
04:24
and our capacity for self-reflection.
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ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช.
04:27
We're getting used to a new way
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ืื ื• ืžืชืจื’ืœื™ื ืœื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”
04:29
of being alone together.
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ืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
04:32
People want to be with each other,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื”,
04:34
but also elsewhere --
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ --
04:36
connected to all the different places they want to be.
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ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื.
04:39
People want to customize their lives.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
04:42
They want to go in and out of all the places they are
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ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ืก ื•ืœืฆืืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
04:45
because the thing that matters most to them
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ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื
04:47
is control over where they put their attention.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ืžื•ืงื“ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœื”ื.
04:51
So you want to go to that board meeting,
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ืื– ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื”,
04:54
but you only want to pay attention
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืจืง ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘
04:56
to the bits that interest you.
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ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชืš.
04:58
And some people think that's a good thing.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
05:01
But you can end up
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฆื‘
05:03
hiding from each other,
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ื‘ื• ืืชื ืžืกืชืชืจื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื”,
05:05
even as we're all constantly connected to each other.
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ื’ื ืื ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข.
05:08
A 50-year-old business man
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ืื™ืฉ ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืŸ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื
05:10
lamented to me
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ืงื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™
05:12
that he feels he doesn't have colleagues anymore at work.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
05:15
When he goes to work, he doesn't stop by to talk to anybody,
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขื•ืฆืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืืฃ ืื—ื“,
05:18
he doesn't call.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืชืงืฉืจ.
05:20
And he says he doesn't want to interrupt his colleagues
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœืขืžื™ืชื™ื•
05:23
because, he says, "They're too busy on their email."
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ืžืื—ืจ, ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ, ืฉ"ื”ื ืขืกื•ืงื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื“ื•ื"ืœื™ื ืฉืœื”ื".
05:26
But then he stops himself
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•
05:28
and he says, "You know, I'm not telling you the truth.
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ื•ืื•ืžืจ:" ืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช, ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืืช ื”ืืžืช.
05:30
I'm the one who doesn't want to be interrupted.
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื™ืคืจื™ืขื• ืœื•
05:33
I think I should want to,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืฉื™ืคืจื™ืขื• ืœื™,
05:35
but actually I'd rather just do things on my Blackberry."
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืื ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืœืงื‘ืจื™ ืฉืœื™."
05:39
Across the generations,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช,
05:41
I see that people can't get enough of each other,
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืจื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื”
05:45
if and only if
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ืื ื•ืจืง ืื
05:47
they can have each other at a distance,
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื” ืžืจื—ื•ืง,
05:50
in amounts they can control.
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ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜.
05:52
I call it the Goldilocks effect:
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ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจืืช ืœื–ื” "ืืคืงื˜ ื–ื”ื‘ื” [ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื“ื•ื‘ื™ื]":
05:55
not too close, not too far,
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ืœื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžื“ื™, ืœื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื“ื™,
05:58
just right.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืžื™ื“ื”.
06:00
But what might feel just right
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”
06:02
for that middle-aged executive
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ืืฆืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื
06:04
can be a problem for an adolescent
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ืœื ืขืจ ืžืชื‘ื’ืจ
06:06
who needs to develop face-to-face relationships.
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ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืชื— ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ื-ืืœ-ืคื ื™ื.
06:10
An 18-year-old boy
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ื ืขืจ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื”
06:12
who uses texting for almost everything
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ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืกืจื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ
06:15
says to me wistfully,
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ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™ ื‘ื›ืžื™ื”ื”,
06:17
"Someday, someday,
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"ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“,
06:20
but certainly not now,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
06:22
I'd like to learn how to have a conversation."
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื™ืš ืœื ื”ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื”."
06:26
When I ask people
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœืช ืื ืฉื™ื
06:28
"What's wrong with having a conversation?"
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"ืžื” ืจืข ื‘ืœื ื”ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื”?"
06:31
People say, "I'll tell you what's wrong with having a conversation.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืžื” ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืœื ื”ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื”.
06:35
It takes place in real time
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ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™
06:38
and you can't control what you're going to say."
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื•ืžืจ."
06:42
So that's the bottom line.
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ืื– ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”.
06:44
Texting, email, posting,
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ืžืกืจื•ื ื™ื, ื“ื•ื"ืœ, ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื,
06:47
all of these things
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
06:49
let us present the self as we want to be.
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ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื ื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
06:52
We get to edit,
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ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื ื• ืœืขืจื•ืš,
06:54
and that means we get to delete,
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื ื• ืœืžื—ื•ืง,
06:57
and that means we get to retouch,
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื ื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืงืœื™ื
07:00
the face, the voice,
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ื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื‘ืงื•ืœ,
07:02
the flesh, the body --
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ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ, ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ --
07:04
not too little, not too much,
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ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื“ื™, ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™,
07:07
just right.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืžื™ื“ื”.
07:09
Human relationships
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ื™ื—ืกื™ ืื ื•ืฉ
07:11
are rich and they're messy
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ื”ื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื•ืœื’ื ื™ื
07:13
and they're demanding.
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ื•ื”ื ืชื•ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื.
07:15
And we clean them up with technology.
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ืืš ืื ื• ืžื ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
07:18
And when we do,
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช,
07:20
one of the things that can happen
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช
07:22
is that we sacrifice conversation
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื• ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื”
07:24
for mere connection.
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ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืกืชื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
07:26
We short-change ourselves.
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ืื ื• ืžืจืžื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•,
07:29
And over time,
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ื•ืœืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
07:31
we seem to forget this,
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ืื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ื–ืืช,
07:33
or we seem to stop caring.
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ืื• ืฉื–ื” ืžืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื›ืคืช ืœื ื•.
07:36
I was caught off guard
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ื ืชืคืกืชื™ ืœื ืžื•ื›ื ื”
07:40
when Stephen Colbert
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ื›ืฉืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ืงื•ืœื‘ืจ
07:42
asked me a profound question,
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ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืืœื” ื›ื‘ื“ืช-ืžืฉืงืœ,
07:46
a profound question.
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ืฉืืœื” ื›ื‘ื“ืช-ืžืฉืงืœ.
07:49
He said, "Don't all those little tweets,
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ: "ื”ืื ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ืฆื™ื•ืฆื™ื,
07:55
don't all those little sips
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ื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื’ื™ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช
07:58
of online communication,
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ืฉืœ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช,
08:01
add up to one big gulp
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ืื™ื ื ืžืกืชื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื’ื™ืžื” ืื—ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
08:04
of real conversation?"
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ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื—ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช?"
08:08
My answer was no,
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ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื™ืชื”, ืœื,
08:10
they don't add up.
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ื”ื ืœื ืžืกืชื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืš.
08:12
Connecting in sips may work
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ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืœื’ื™ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“
08:16
for gathering discrete bits of information,
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ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืคื™ืกื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช,
08:20
they may work for saying, "I'm thinking about you,"
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ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ, "ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™ืš,"
08:24
or even for saying, "I love you," --
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• "ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื•ืชืš," --
08:26
I mean, look at how I felt
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ื”ืจื™ ืจืื™ืชื ืื™ืš ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™
08:28
when I got that text from my daughter --
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ื›ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืกืจื•ืŸ ืžื”ื‘ืช ืฉืœื™ --
08:31
but they don't really work
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช
08:33
for learning about each other,
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ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”,
08:35
for really coming to know and understand each other.
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ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”.
08:39
And we use conversations with each other
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ื•ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•
08:43
to learn how to have conversations
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืฉื•ื—ื—
08:45
with ourselves.
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ืขื ืขืฆืžื ื•.
08:47
So a flight from conversation
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ืžืฉื™ื—ื”
08:49
can really matter
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช
08:51
because it can compromise
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข
08:53
our capacity for self-reflection.
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ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช.
08:55
For kids growing up,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื’ื“ืœื™ื,
08:57
that skill is the bedrock of development.
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ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช.
09:01
Over and over I hear,
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ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืขืช,
09:03
"I would rather text than talk."
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ืื ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืกืžืก ื•ืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ."
09:06
And what I'm seeing
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื”
09:08
is that people get so used to being short-changed
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืจื’ืœื™ื ืžืื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืžื™ื
09:10
out of real conversation,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ื—ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช,
09:12
so used to getting by with less,
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ื”ื ื›ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืžื•ืขื˜,
09:15
that they've become almost willing
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ืฉื”ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื
09:17
to dispense with people altogether.
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ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
09:19
So for example,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
09:21
many people share with me this wish,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืื™ืชื™ ืžืฉืืœื”,
09:23
that some day a more advanced version of Siri,
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ืฉื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื’ืจืกื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืกื™ืจื™,
09:26
the digital assistant on Apple's iPhone,
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ื”ืขื•ื–ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืคืœ,
09:29
will be more like a best friend,
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ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘,
09:31
someone who will listen
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืงืฉื™ื‘
09:33
when others won't.
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ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื.
09:35
I believe this wish
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืžืฉืืœื” ื–ื•
09:37
reflects a painful truth
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ืžืฉืงืคืช ืืžืช ืžื›ืื™ื‘ื”
09:39
that I've learned in the past 15 years.
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ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ืžืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
09:42
That feeling that no one is listening to me
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ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื™
09:46
is very important
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ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืื“
09:48
in our relationships with technology.
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ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
09:50
That's why it's so appealing
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ื–ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ืฉืš
09:52
to have a Facebook page
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ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ื“ืฃ ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง
09:54
or a Twitter feed --
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ืื• ื“ืฃ ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ --
09:56
so many automatic listeners.
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ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื–ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื.
09:59
And the feeling that no one is listening to me
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ื•ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื™
10:02
make us want to spend time
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ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื ื• ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื–ืžืŸ
10:04
with machines that seem to care about us.
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ืœืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื›ืื™ืœื• ืื›ืคืช ืœื”ืŸ ืžืื™ืชื ื•.
10:07
We're developing robots,
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ืื ื• ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื,
10:09
they call them sociable robots,
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ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืชื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื
10:11
that are specifically designed to be companions --
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ื”ื ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™-ืœื•ื•ื™ื” --
10:14
to the elderly,
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ืœืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื,
10:16
to our children,
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ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•,
10:18
to us.
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ืœื ื•.
10:20
Have we so lost confidence
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ื”ืื ืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ืืช ื”ืืžื•ืŸ
10:23
that we will be there for each other?
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืื™ืฉ ืœืจืขื”ื•?
10:27
During my research
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื™
10:29
I worked in nursing homes,
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ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื™ื,
10:31
and I brought in these sociable robots
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ื•ื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืชื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
10:34
that were designed to give the elderly
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ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื ื• ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื
10:36
the feeling that they were understood.
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ืืช ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื.
10:39
And one day I came in
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ื•ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ืขืชื™
10:41
and a woman who had lost a child
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ื•ืื™ืฉื” ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ื” ื™ืœื“
10:43
was talking to a robot
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜
10:45
in the shape of a baby seal.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื’ื•ืจ ื›ืœื‘-ื™ื.
10:48
It seemed to be looking in her eyes.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”.
10:50
It seemed to be following the conversation.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื”.
10:53
It comforted her.
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ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื—ื ืื•ืชื”.
10:56
And many people found this amazing.
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
11:00
But that woman was trying to make sense of her life
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”
11:05
with a machine that had no experience
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ืขื ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ
11:08
of the arc of a human life.
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ืฉืœ ืงืฉืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื.
11:11
That robot put on a great show.
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ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื ืชืŸ ื”ืฆื’ื” ืžืขื•ืœื”.
11:13
And we're vulnerable.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืจื™ ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื.
11:15
People experience pretend empathy
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืžื”
11:18
as though it were the real thing.
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™.
11:21
So during that moment
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข
11:25
when that woman
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ื›ืฉื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื”ื™ื
11:27
was experiencing that pretend empathy,
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ื—ื•ื•ืชื” ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื•ืžื”,
11:30
I was thinking, "That robot can't empathize.
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™, "ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ืื™ืชื”.
11:33
It doesn't face death.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืžื•ืช
11:35
It doesn't know life."
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื."
11:37
And as that woman took comfort
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ืื™ืฉื” ืžืฆืื” ื ื™ื—ื•ืžื™ื
11:39
in her robot companion,
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ื‘ื‘ืŸ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ ืฉืœื”,
11:41
I didn't find it amazing;
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื;
11:43
I found it one of the most wrenching, complicated moments
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืจื’ืขื™ื ืงื•ืจืขื™ ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
11:47
in my 15 years of work.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™.
11:51
But when I stepped back,
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ืืš ื›ืฉืฆืขื“ืชื™ ืฆืขื“ ืœืื—ื•ืจ,
11:53
I felt myself
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ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™
11:55
at the cold, hard center
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ื‘ืงื•ืจ ื”ืขื–
11:58
of a perfect storm.
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ืฉืœ ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืกืขืจื”
12:00
We expect more from technology
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
12:03
and less from each other.
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ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ืื™ืฉ ืžื–ื•ืœืชื•.
12:06
And I ask myself,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื™,
12:08
"Why have things come to this?"
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"ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”?"
12:11
And I believe it's because
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื
12:13
technology appeals to us most
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ืฉืื ื• ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื”
12:16
where we are most vulnerable.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื›ื™ ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื.
12:18
And we are vulnerable.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืื›ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื.
12:20
We're lonely,
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ืื ื• ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื,
12:22
but we're afraid of intimacy.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ืžืคื—ื“ื™ื ืžืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช.
12:24
And so from social networks to sociable robots,
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ื•ื›ืš ืžืจืฉืชื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืœืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืชื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื,
12:27
we're designing technologies
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ืื ื• ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
12:29
that will give us the illusion of companionship
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ืฉื™ืขื ื™ืงื• ืœื ื• ืืฉืœื™ื™ืช ื—ื‘ืจื”
12:32
without the demands of friendship.
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ืœืœื ืžื” ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช.
12:34
We turn to technology to help us feel connected
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ืื ื• ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื
12:37
in ways we can comfortably control.
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื ื•ื—ื•ืช.
12:40
But we're not so comfortable.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื ื•ื— ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš.
12:42
We are not so much in control.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”.
12:45
These days, those phones in our pockets
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื•, ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ื›ื™ืกื™ื ื•
12:48
are changing our minds and hearts
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ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ืžื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื ื•
12:50
because they offer us
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืœื ื•
12:52
three gratifying fantasies.
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ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคื ื˜ื–ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืง.
12:54
One, that we can put our attention
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ื”ืื—ืช, ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืงื“ ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ื ื•
12:56
wherever we want it to be;
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืชื”ื™ื”;
12:58
two, that we will always be heard;
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ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉืžืขื• ืื•ืชื ื•;
13:01
and three, that we will never have to be alone.
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ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“.
13:04
And that third idea,
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื–ื”,
13:06
that we will never have to be alone,
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ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“,
13:09
is central to changing our psyches.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
13:11
Because the moment that people are alone,
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ืœื‘ื“,
13:14
even for a few seconds,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื•ืช,
13:16
they become anxious, they panic, they fidget,
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ื”ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืžืคื•ื—ื“ื™ื, ื”ื ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ื, ื”ื ืžืชืขืฆื‘ื ื™ื,
13:19
they reach for a device.
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ื”ื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ.
13:21
Just think of people at a checkout line
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ืจืง ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืœืงื•ืคื”
13:23
or at a red light.
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ืื• ื‘ืจืžื–ื•ืจ ืื“ื•ื.
13:25
Being alone feels like a problem that needs to be solved.
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ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืคืชื•ืจ.
13:29
And so people try to solve it by connecting.
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ืื– ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื–ืืช ืข"ื™ ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช.
13:32
But here, connection
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ืื‘ืœ ืื–, ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
13:34
is more like a symptom than a cure.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ื ืžืืฉืจ ืœืชืจื•ืคื”.
13:37
It expresses, but it doesn't solve,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืคื•ืชืจ,
13:40
an underlying problem.
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ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช.
13:42
But more than a symptom,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ื,
13:44
constant connection is changing
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ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืฆื•ืฃ ืžืฉื ื”
13:46
the way people think of themselves.
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ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื.
13:48
It's shaping a new way of being.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืขืฆื‘ ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืงื™ื•ื.
13:51
The best way to describe it is,
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชืืจ ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื,
13:53
I share therefore I am.
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ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืฃ ืžืฉืžืข ืื ื™ ืงื™ื™ื.
13:56
We use technology to define ourselves
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ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•
13:59
by sharing our thoughts and feelings
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ืข"ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื•
14:01
even as we're having them.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืื•ืชื.
14:03
So before it was:
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ืื– ืงื•ื“ื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”:
14:05
I have a feeling,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืจื’ืฉ,
14:07
I want to make a call.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ.
14:09
Now it's: I want to have a feeling,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื”: ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืจื’ืฉ,
14:12
I need to send a text.
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ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžืกืจื•ืŸ.
14:14
The problem with this new regime
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”
14:17
of "I share therefore I am"
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ืฉืœ "ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืฃ ืžืฉืžืข ืื ื™ ืงื™ื™ื"
14:19
is that, if we don't have connection,
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ืื ื• ืœื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื,
14:21
we don't feel like ourselves.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืขืฆืžื ื•.
14:23
We almost don't feel ourselves.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•.
14:25
So what do we do? We connect more and more.
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ืื– ืžื” ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื? ืื ื• ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“.
14:28
But in the process,
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš
14:30
we set ourselves up to be isolated.
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ืื ื• ืžื•ืขื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื.
14:33
How do you get from connection to isolation?
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ืื™ืš ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“?
14:37
You end up isolated
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ืืชื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“
14:39
if you don't cultivate the capacity for solitude,
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ืื ืื™ื ืš ืžื˜ืคื— ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“,
14:41
the ability to be separate,
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ืคืจื“,
14:44
to gather yourself.
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ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš.
14:46
Solitude is where you find yourself
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืœื‘ื“ ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
14:49
so that you can reach out to other people
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ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
14:51
and form real attachments.
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ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืืžืช.
14:54
When we don't have the capacity for solitude,
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ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“,
14:57
we turn to other people in order to feel less anxious
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ืื ื• ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืจื“ื”
15:00
or in order to feel alive.
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ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
15:02
When this happens,
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ื›ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”,
15:04
we're not able to appreciate who they are.
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ืื ื• ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ืžื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื•.
15:07
It's as though we're using them
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ื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื
15:09
as spare parts
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ื›ื—ืœืงื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ
15:11
to support our fragile sense of self.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืจื™ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
15:14
We slip into thinking that always being connected
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ืื ื• ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื
15:17
is going to make us feel less alone.
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ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“.
15:21
But we're at risk,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ืžืกืชื›ื ื™ื,
15:23
because actually it's the opposite that's true.
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ื›ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื”ืคืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
15:26
If we're not able to be alone,
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ืื ืื ื• ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“,
15:28
we're going to be more lonely.
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ืื ื• ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื.
15:30
And if we don't teach our children to be alone,
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ื•ืื ืœื ื ืœืžื“ ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“,
15:33
they're only going to know
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื™ืจื•
15:35
how to be lonely.
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ื”ื•ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื.
15:37
When I spoke at TED in 1996,
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ื›ืฉื”ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ื‘-TED ื‘ืฉื ืช 1996,
15:40
reporting on my studies
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ืขืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™
15:42
of the early virtual communities,
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ืขืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
15:44
I said, "Those who make the most
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ืืžืจืชื™: "ืืœื• ืฉืžื‘ืœื™ื
15:47
of their lives on the screen
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ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืกืš
15:49
come to it in a spirit of self-reflection."
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ื‘ืื™ื ืœื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช."
15:52
And that's what I'm calling for here, now:
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ื•ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืื ื™ ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื›ืืŸ, ื”ื™ื•ื:
15:55
reflection and, more than that, a conversation
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ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช, ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš, ืฉื™ื—ื”
15:58
about where our current use of technology
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ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืœืืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
16:01
may be taking us,
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ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื ื•,
16:03
what it might be costing us.
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ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื ื•.
16:05
We're smitten with technology.
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื›ืจื™ืขื” ืื•ืชื ื•
16:08
And we're afraid, like young lovers,
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ื•ืื ื• ืคื•ื—ื“ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื,
16:11
that too much talking might spoil the romance.
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ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืœืงืœ ืืช ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืงื”.
16:14
But it's time to talk.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจ.
16:16
We grew up with digital technology
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ื’ื“ืœื ื• ื•ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื ื• ืขื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช
16:19
and so we see it as all grown up.
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ื•ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจ.
16:21
But it's not, it's early days.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจ. ืื ื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื“ืจืš.
16:24
There's plenty of time
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ
16:26
for us to reconsider how we use it,
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ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื”,
16:28
how we build it.
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ืื™ืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
16:30
I'm not suggesting
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืฆื™ืขื”
16:32
that we turn away from our devices,
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ืฉื ืคื ื” ืขื•ืจืฃ ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
16:34
just that we develop a more self-aware relationship
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ืืœื ืจืง ืฉื ืคืชื— ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื
16:37
with them, with each other
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ืขื ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื”
16:39
and with ourselves.
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ื•ืขื ืขืฆืžื ื•.
16:42
I see some first steps.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื.
16:44
Start thinking of solitude
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ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช
16:46
as a good thing.
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ื›ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
16:48
Make room for it.
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ืชืคื ื• ืœื›ืš ืžืงื•ื.
16:50
Find ways to demonstrate this
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ืžืฆืื• ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคื’ื™ืŸ ื–ืืช
16:53
as a value to your children.
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ื›ืขืจืš, ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื›ื.
16:55
Create sacred spaces at home --
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ื”ืงืฆื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื --
16:57
the kitchen, the dining room --
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ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื—, ืคื™ื ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ --
16:59
and reclaim them for conversation.
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ื•ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื—ื”.
17:02
Do the same thing at work.
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ืขืฉื• ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
17:04
At work, we're so busy communicating
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืื ื• ื›ื” ืขืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืœืชืงืฉืจ
17:06
that we often don't have time to think,
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ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘,
17:09
we don't have time to talk,
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจ,
17:12
about the things that really matter.
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ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช.
17:14
Change that.
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ืฉื ื• ื–ืืช.
17:16
Most important, we all really need to listen to each other,
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื›ืœ, ืื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื–ื•ืœืช,
17:20
including to the boring bits.
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืžืฉืขืžืžื™ื.
17:24
Because it's when we stumble
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ื›ื™ ืžืชื™ ืฉืื ื• ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
17:26
or hesitate or lose our words
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ืื• ืžื”ืกืกื™ื, ืื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžืœื™ื
17:29
that we reveal ourselves to each other.
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ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื–ื” ืœื–ื”.
17:33
Technology is making a bid
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ
17:36
to redefine human connection --
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ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ --
17:38
how we care for each other,
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ืื™ืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื›ืคืช ืœื ื• ืื™ืฉ ืžื–ื•ืœืชื•,
17:40
how we care for ourselves --
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ืื™ืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื›ืคืช ืœื ื• ืžืขืฆืžื ื• --
17:42
but it's also giving us the opportunity
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
17:44
to affirm our values
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ืœืืฉืจ ืืช ืขืจื›ื™ื ื•
17:46
and our direction.
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ื•ืืช ื“ืจื›ื ื•.
17:48
I'm optimistic.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืช.
17:50
We have everything we need to start.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ.
17:53
We have each other.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืื™ืฉ ืืช ืจืขื•ืชื•.
17:55
And we have the greatest chance of success
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—
17:58
if we recognize our vulnerability.
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ืื ื ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
18:01
That we listen
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ืฉื ืงืฉื™ื‘
18:03
when technology says
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ื›ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจืช
18:05
it will take something complicated
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ืฉื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื•ืจื›ื‘
18:08
and promises something simpler.
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ืืš ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
18:11
So in my work,
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™,
18:13
I hear that life is hard,
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ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืขืช ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืงืฉื™ื,
18:16
relationships are filled with risk.
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ืฉืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืžืœืื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื.
18:18
And then there's technology --
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” --
18:20
simpler, hopeful,
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืœืืช ืชืงื•ื•ื”,
18:22
optimistic, ever-young.
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ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืช, ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืœื ืฆื—.
18:25
It's like calling in the cavalry.
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ื›ืžื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื—ื™ืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื.
18:27
An ad campaign promises
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ืžื•ื“ืขืช ืคืจืกื•ืžืช ืื—ืช ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื”
18:29
that online and with avatars,
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ืฉื›ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืขื ืื•ื•ื˜ืืจื™ื,
18:31
you can "Finally, love your friends
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ืชื”ื™ื” "ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ืš
18:35
love your body, love your life,
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ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ื’ื•ืคืš, ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ืš,
18:38
online and with avatars."
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ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ืžื—ื™ืฆืช ืื•ื•ื˜ืืจื™ื."
18:41
We're drawn to virtual romance,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืœืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช,
18:43
to computer games that seem like worlds,
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ืœืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื ืจืื™ื ื›ืžื• ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื,
18:46
to the idea that robots, robots,
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ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื, ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื,
18:50
will someday be our true companions.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
18:53
We spend an evening on the social network
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ืื ื• ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื™ื ืขืจื‘ ืฉืœื ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช
18:56
instead of going to the pub with friends.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืฆืืช ืœืคืื‘ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื.
18:59
But our fantasies of substitution
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคื ื˜ื–ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ื
19:01
have cost us.
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ื’ื‘ื• ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจืŸ.
19:04
Now we all need to focus
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืžืงื“
19:07
on the many, many ways
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืคื•ืจ
19:09
technology can lead us back
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ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”
19:11
to our real lives, our own bodies,
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ืืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื, ืืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื• ืฉืœื ื•,
19:14
our own communities,
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ืืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
19:16
our own politics,
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ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื ื•,
19:18
our own planet.
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ืืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
19:20
They need us.
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ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•.
19:22
Let's talk about
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ื•ืŸ
19:24
how we can use digital technology,
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช,
19:27
the technology of our dreams,
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ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
19:30
to make this life
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื—ื™ื™ื ืืœื•
19:32
the life we can love.
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ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืื”ื•ื‘.
19:34
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
19:36
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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