Susan Graham: A new way to restore Earth's biodiversity -- from the air | TED

81,497 views ใƒป 2021-10-06

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Or Sinai ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:12
Every year, humans change 10 million hectares of land,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”, ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ื ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ื ื ืฉืœ ืื“ืžื”,
00:16
and not for the better.
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ื•ืœื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
00:18
Right now, there are more than two billion hectares of degraded land
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืืชื™ื™ื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ื ื ืฉืœ ืื“ืžื” ื™ืจื•ื“ื”
00:22
around the world.
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ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
00:23
We need to fix this fast, and technology can help.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ื–ืืช ืžื”ืจ, ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ.
00:27
Restoration is an enormous, complex challenge.
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ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืืชื’ืจ ืขืฆื•ื ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘.
00:30
It cannot be done by simply planting trees.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื˜ื™ืขืช ืขืฆื™ื.
00:33
We need to bring native, complex ecosystems back to life,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช,
00:37
and it requires deep ecological expertise.
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ื•ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืžืขืžื™ืงื”.
00:40
Until now, we have been limited to poor facsimiles,
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ืขื“ ื›ื”, ื”ื™ื ื• ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืข,
00:44
like vast plantations of a single kind of tree.
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ื›ืžื• ืžื˜ืขื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฆื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ืื—ื“.
00:47
But drones change that by allowing us to gather data
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ืื‘ืœ ืจื—ืคื ื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข
00:51
and plant the right mix of vegetation quickly, at enormous scales.
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ื•ืœืฉืชื•ืœ ืืช ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื” ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืงื ื™ ืžื™ื“ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื.
00:55
And machine-learning analysis enables us to plan the planting
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ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืฉืชื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืชืœ
00:59
and then monitor our restoration work.
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ื•ืื– ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
01:01
For example, in Australia,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”,
01:04
we're using drone-based planting and ecology-trained AI
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ืœื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืจื—ืคื ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืœื’ื ืฆื™ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืืงื•ืœื’ื™ื”
01:08
to restore thousands of hectares of land mined for coal.
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ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืืœืคื™ ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืื“ืžื” ืฉื ื›ืจืชื” ืœืคื—ื.
01:13
Not just planting trees,
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ืœื ืจืง ืœืฉืชื•ืœ ืขืฆื™ื,
01:14
but bringing back biodiverse, complex ecosystems.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™.
01:19
On a larger scale, native forests here in Australia
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ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”
01:22
have been decimated by catastrophic bushfires
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ื”ื•ืฉืžื“ื• ืžืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจื™ืคื•ืช ืงื˜ืกืจื•ืคืœื™ื•ืช
01:25
and land-clearing for agriculture.
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ื•ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืื“ืžื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืงืœืื•ืช.
01:27
This means diminished food sources and safe habitats for koalas.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื—ืกื” ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ืืœื•ืช.
01:31
A new project would allow us to accelerate
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ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืื™ืฅ
01:34
the restoration of thousands of hectares of koala forests
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ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืงื•ืืœื”
01:38
over the next few years.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช.
01:40
With these combined technologies,
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•,
01:42
we're able to scale up restoration
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ
01:45
from a small island to an entire continent.
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ืžืื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืฉื” ืฉืœืžื”.
01:50
We can return forests to land where a mine used to be,
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ืื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืœืื“ืžื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื” ืคืขื ืžื›ืจื”,
01:54
or recreate ecosystems
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ืื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
01:55
like the one we're hoping to restore on Lord Howe Island,
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ื›ืžื• ืืœื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ื‘ืื™ ืœื•ืจื“ ื”ืื•,
01:58
birthplace of one of the world's largest insects.
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ืžืงื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
02:02
This unique island is plagued by imported species,
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ื”ืื™ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื ื’ื•ืข ื‘ื–ื ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื‘ืื™ื,
02:05
where we're helping to eradicate the undesirable plants
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืžื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ื™ื
02:08
to allow endemic species to thrive.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื–ื ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืœืฉื’ืฉื’.
02:11
It's not just billions of trees.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืขืฆื™ื.
02:14
It's restoring nature in all its complexity and beauty.
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ื–ื” ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉืœื•.
02:18
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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