Janine di Giovanni: What I saw in the war

72,618 views ใƒป 2013-01-22

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Mark Freehoff ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
This is how war starts.
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ื›ืš ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืœื—ืžื”.
00:18
One day you're living your ordinary life,
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ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื›ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื,
00:22
you're planning to go to a party,
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ืืชื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœืžืกื™ื‘ื”,
00:24
you're taking your children to school,
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ืืชื ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื›ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ,
00:26
you're making a dentist appointment.
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ืืชื ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืชื•ืจ ืœืจื•ืคื ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื.
00:29
The next thing, the telephones go out,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืงื•ืจื”, ื”ื•ื ืฉืงื•ื™ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ืคืœื™ื,
00:33
the TVs go out, there's armed men on the street,
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ื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ื”ื˜ืœื‘ื™ื–ื™ื”, ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘,
00:37
there's roadblocks.
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ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื.
00:39
Your life as you know it goes into suspended animation.
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ื—ื™ื™ื›ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฉื”ื™ื”.
00:44
It stops.
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ื”ื ื ืขืฆืจื™ื.
00:46
I'm going to steal a story from a friend of mine,
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ืื ื™ ืื’ื ื•ื‘ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื™,
00:48
a Bosnian friend, about what happened to her,
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ื™ื“ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื•ืกื ื™ืช, ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”,
00:51
because I think it will illustrate for you exactly what it feels like.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ื™ืžื—ื™ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืฆื‘.
00:56
She was walking to work one day in April, 1992,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืœื›ื” ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ, 1992,
01:00
in a miniskirt and high heels. She worked in a bank.
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ื‘ื—ืฆืื™ืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื•ื ืขืœื™ ืขืงื‘. ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื ืง.
01:03
She was a young mother. She was someone who liked to party.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืžื ืฆืขื™ืจื”. ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื—ืช ื›ื–ืืช ืฉืื”ื‘ื” ืœื—ื’ื•ื’.
01:06
Great person.
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ืื—ืœื” ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื.
01:08
And suddenly she sees a tank
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ื•ืคืชืื•ื ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืื” ื˜ื ืง
01:12
ambling down the main road of Sarajevo
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ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœ ืœื• ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืกืจื™ื™ื‘ื•
01:15
knocking everything out of its path.
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ืžืขื™ืฃ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื“ืจื›ื•.
01:18
She thinks she's dreaming, but she's not.
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ื ื“ืžื” ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืœืžืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืœื.
01:22
And she runs as any of us would have done
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืจืฆื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืืชื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืฉื”
01:25
and takes cover, and she hides behind a trash bin,
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ื•ืชื•ืคืกืช ืžื—ืกื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืกืชืชืจืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืื™ื–ื” ืคื— ืืฉืคื”,
01:29
in her high heels and her miniskirt.
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ื‘ื ืขืœื™ ื”ืขืงื‘ ื•ื‘ื—ืฆืื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ ืฉืœื”.
01:32
And as she's hiding there, she's feeling ridiculous,
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ื•ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื”ืกืชืชืจื•ืช ืฉื, ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื” ืžื’ื•ื›ื—ืช,
01:36
but she's seeing this tank go by with soldiers
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ื˜ื ืง ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขื ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื
01:39
and people all over the place and chaos
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื•ื”ื›ืื•ืก
01:41
and she thinks, "I feel like Alice in Wonderland
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช, "ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื›ืžื• ืขืœื™ื–ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืคืœืื•ืช
01:46
going down the rabbit hole,
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ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืืจื ื‘ืช,
01:48
down, down, down into chaos,
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ืžื˜ื”, ืžื˜ื”, ืžื˜ื” ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืื•ืก,
01:51
and my life will never be the same again."
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ื•ื—ื™ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ."
01:56
A few weeks later, my friend was in a crowd of people
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ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ื“ื™ื“ืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื
02:00
pushing with her infant son in her arms
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ื“ื•ื—ืคืช ืขื ื‘ื ื” ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”
02:05
to give him to a stranger on a bus,
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ืœืžืกืจื• ืœืื“ื ื–ืจ ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก,
02:08
which was one of the last buses leaving Sarajevo
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ืžืื—ืจื•ื ื™ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ืฉืขื•ื–ื‘ ืืช ืกืจื™ื™ื‘ื•
02:11
to take children out so they could be safe.
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ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื.
02:14
And she remembers struggling with her mother to the front,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืžืื‘ืง ืขื ืืžื ืฉืœื” ืงื“ื™ืžื”,
02:18
crowds and crowds of people, "Take my child! Take my child!"
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ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื, "ืงื— ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื™! ืงื— ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื™!"
02:21
and passing her son to someone through a window.
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ื•ืžื•ืกืจืช ืืช ื™ืœื“ื” ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœื—ืœื•ืŸ.
02:27
And she didn't see him for years.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืืชื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื.
02:30
The siege went on for three and a half years,
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ื”ืžืฆื•ืจ ื ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื™ื
02:34
and it was a siege without water,
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ืจ ืœืœื ืžื™ื,
02:36
without power, without electricity, without heat, without food,
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ืœืœื ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ืœืœื ื—ืฉืžืœ, ืœืœื ื—ื™ืžื•ื, ืœืœื ืžื–ื•ืŸ,
02:42
in the middle of Europe, in the middle of the 20th century.
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ื‘ืœื‘ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื.
02:47
I had the honor of being one of those reporters
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืช ืžื”ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
02:51
that lived through that siege,
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ืฉืฉืจื“ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
02:53
and I say I have the honor and the privilege of being there
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื
02:56
because it's taught me everything,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื™ ื”ื›ืœ,
02:58
not just about being a reporter, but about being a human being.
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ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื™ ื›ืชื‘ืช ืืš ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื.
03:03
I learned about compassion.
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ื—ืžืœื”.
03:05
I learned about ordinary people who could be heroes.
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื.
03:09
I learned about sharing. I learned about camaraderie.
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื•ืช. ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ืื—ื•ื•ื”.
03:13
Most of all, I learned about love.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื›ืœ, ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ืื”ื‘ื”.
03:16
Even in the midst of terrible destruction and death and chaos,
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ื•ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ื™ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจืก ื ื•ืจืื™ ื•ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ื›ืื•ืก,
03:21
I learned how ordinary people could help their neighbors,
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉื›ื ื™ื”ื,
03:24
share food, raise their children,
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ืœื—ืœื•ืง ื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืœื’ื“ืœ ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื,
03:27
drag someone who's being sniped at from the middle of the road
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ืœื’ืจื•ืจ ืžื™ ืฉืฆื•ืœืคื™ื ื‘ื• ืžืืžืฆืข ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘
03:30
even though you yourself were endangering your life,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืืชื” ื‘ืขืฆืžืš ืกื›ื ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ืš,
03:33
helping people get into taxis who were injured
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ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืคืฆื•ืขื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช
03:36
to try to take them to hospitals.
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ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื ืœื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
03:39
I learned so much about myself.
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื™.
03:42
Martha Gellhorn, who's one of my heroes, once said,
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ืžืจืช'ื” ื’ืœื”ื•ืจืŸ, ืื—ืช ืื—ืช ืžื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื™, ืคืขื ืืžืจื”,
03:45
"You can only love one war. The rest is responsibility."
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"ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืจืง ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื—ืช. ื”ืฉืืจ ื”ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช."
03:50
I went on to cover many, many, many wars after that,
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ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ืœืกืงืจ ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ,
03:54
so many that I lost count,
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ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืื‘ื“ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกืคื™ืจื”
03:57
but there was nothing like Sarajevo.
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ืืš ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื“ืžื” ืœืกืจื™ื™ื‘ื•.
04:00
Last April, I went back to a very strange --
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ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ื–ืจ --
04:04
what I called a deranged high school reunion.
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ืจืืช ืคื’ื™ืฉืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื˜ื•ืจืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
04:07
What it was, was the 20th anniversary of the siege,
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ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื”, ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ืจ,
04:12
the beginning of the siege of Sarajevo,
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ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ืจ ืขืœ ืกืจื™ื™ื‘ื•,
04:14
and I don't like the word "anniversary," because it sounds like a party,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืžื•ื ื— " ื—ื’ื™ื’ืช ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื”," ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ืžืกื™ื‘ื”,
04:19
and this was not a party.
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ื•ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื”.
04:20
It was a very somber gathering of the reporters
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื›ื ืกื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืจืช ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื
04:24
that worked there during the war, humanitarian aid workers,
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ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ืฉื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™
04:27
and of course the brave and courageous people of Sarajevo themselves.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื• ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื•ืขื–ื™ื ื•ื”ืืžื™ืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืจื™ื™ื‘ื• ืขืฆืžื.
04:32
And the thing that struck me the most,
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืœื ื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื›ืœ,
04:34
that broke my heart,
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ืฉืฉื‘ืจ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืœื‘,
04:36
was walking down the main street of Sarajevo,
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื”ืœืš ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืกืจื™ื™ื‘ื•,
04:38
where my friend Aida saw the tank coming 20 years ago,
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ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ืื™ื™ืื™ื“ื” ืจืืชื” ืืช ื”ื˜ื ืง ื‘ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื”,
04:42
and in that road were more than 12,000 red chairs,
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ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื• 12,000, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž- 12,000 ื›ืกืื•ืช ืื“ื•ืžื™ื,
04:49
empty,
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ืจื™ืงื™ื,
04:51
and every single one of them symbolized
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ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžืกืžืœ
04:53
a person who had died during the siege,
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ืื“ื ืฉืžืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืฆื•ืจ,
04:57
just in Sarajevo, not in all of Bosnia,
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ืจืง ื‘ืกืจื™ื™ื‘ื•, ืœื ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœื”,
05:01
and it stretched from one end of the city
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืžืชื— ืžืงืฆื” ื”ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ
05:04
to a large part of it,
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ืœื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžื ื”
05:06
and the saddest for me were the tiny little chairs
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ื•ื”ื›ื™ ืขืฆื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ื• ื”ื›ืกืื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื
05:09
for the children.
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ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื.
05:12
I now cover Syria,
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ื›ืขืช ืื ื™ ืกื•ืงืจืช ืืช ืกื•ืจื™ื”
05:15
and I started reporting it because I believed that
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืกืงืจ ืื•ืชื” ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ื”ืืžื ืชื™
05:18
it needs to be done.
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ืฉื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช.
05:21
I believe a story there has to be told.
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกืคืจื•.
05:24
I see, again, a template of the war in Bosnia.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื”, ืฉื•ื‘, ืชื‘ื ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื ื™ื”.
05:28
And when I first arrived in Damascus,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื“ืžืฉืง,
05:30
I saw this strange moment where people
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ืื ื™ ืจืื™ืชื™ ืจื’ืข ืžื•ื–ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื• ืื ืฉื™ื
05:32
didn't seem to believe that war was going to descend,
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ืœื ื ืจืื• ื›ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืžืœื—ืžื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื ื—ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื
05:36
and it was exactly the same in Bosnia
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื ื™ื”
05:38
and nearly every other country I've seen where war comes.
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ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉื‘ื” ืจืื™ืชื™ ื›ืฉืžืœื—ืžื” ืžื’ื™ืขื”.
05:41
People don't want to believe it's coming,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืงืจื‘ื”,
05:43
so they don't leave, they don't leave before they can.
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ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืœื ื ื•ื˜ืฉื™ื, ื”ื ืœื ื ื•ื˜ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื.
05:47
They don't get their money out.
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ื”ื ืœื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ื›ืกืคื.
05:48
They stay because you want to stay in your home.
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ื”ื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœืš.
05:52
And then war and chaos descend.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื”ื›ืื•ืก ื ื•ื—ืชื™ื.
05:56
Rwanda is a place that haunts me a lot.
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ืจื•ืื ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจื•ื“ืฃ ืื•ืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื”.
06:00
In 1994, I briefly left Sarajevo to go report the genocide in Rwanda.
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ื‘-1994, ืื ื™ ืขื–ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ืกืจื™ื™ื‘ื• ืœื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืกืงื™ืจืช ืจืฆื— ื”ืขื ื‘ืจื•ืื ื“ื”.
06:06
Between April and August, 1994,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืคืจื™ืœ ืœืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜, 1994,
06:11
one million people were slaughtered.
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ื ื˜ื‘ื—ื• ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื.
06:15
Now if those 12,000 chairs freaked me out
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื 12,000 ื”ื›ืกืื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืื•ืชื™ ืžืื™ืคื•ืก
06:21
with the sheer number,
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ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
06:23
I want you just for a second to think of a million people.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื.
06:26
And to give you some example, I remember
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ื•ืœืกืคืง ืœื›ื ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™, ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช
06:29
standing and looking down a road as far as I could see,
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ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื•ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช,
06:34
at least a mile, and there were bodies piled twice my height
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื•ืฉื ื”ื™ื• ื’ื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื ืขืจืžื• ืœื›ืคื•ืœ ืžื”ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™
06:40
of the dead.
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ืžื”ืžืชื™ื.
06:42
And that was just a small percentage of the dead.
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ื•ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืจืง ืื—ื•ื– ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื™ื.
06:45
And there were mothers holding their children
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืืžื”ื•ืช ืื•ื—ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ืŸ
06:47
who had been caught in their last death throes.
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ืฉื ื›ื‘ืœื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืชื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช.
06:50
So we learn a lot from war,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืžืœื—ืžื”
06:54
and I mention Rwanda
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืืช ืจื•ืื ื“ื”
06:56
because it is one place, like South Africa,
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ื›ื™ ื–ื• ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
07:00
where nearly 20 years on, there is healing.
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ืฉื‘ื” ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ื‘, ื™ืฉื ื• ืจื™ืคื•ื™.
07:04
Fifty-six percent of the parliamentarians are women,
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ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืฉื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ื”ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื,
07:08
which is fantastic,
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ืฉื–ื” ื ืคืœื
07:10
and there's also within the national constitution now,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื•ืงื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
07:14
you're actually not allowed to say Hutu or Tutsi.
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ืืกื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ื˜ื• ืื• ื˜ื•ื˜ืกื™.
07:17
You're not allowed to identify anyone by ethnicity,
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ืืกื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื“ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื’ื–ืข,
07:21
which is, of course, what started the slaughter in the first place.
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ืฉื”ื•ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื˜ื‘ื— ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”.
07:26
And an aid worker friend of mine told me the most beautiful story,
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ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืกื™ื•ืข ืกื™ืคืจื” ืœื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื™ืคื”ืคื”,
07:29
or I find it beautiful.
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ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืคื”ืคื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™.
07:30
There was a group of children, mixed Hutus and Tutsis,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ื”ื•ื˜ื•ื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ื˜ืกื™ื
07:35
and a group of women who were adopting them,
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขืžื“ื• ืœืืžืฆื
07:38
and they lined up and one was just given to the next.
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉืจื• ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืื—ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืžืกืจ ืœืฉื ื™ื”.
07:42
There was no kind of compensation for, you're a Tutsi,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœ-, ืืชื” ื˜ื•ื˜ืกื™,
07:45
you're a Hutu, you might have killed my mother,
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ืืช ื”ื•ื˜ื•, ืืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืจื’ืช ืืช ืืžื ืฉืœื™,
07:48
you might have killed my father.
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ืืช ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืจื’ืช ืืช ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™.
07:50
They were just brought together in this kind of reconciliation,
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ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืงื•ื‘ืฆื• ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืžืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ื™ืกื•ืช
07:55
and I find this remarkable.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
07:59
So when people ask me how I continue to cover war,
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ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืกืงื•ืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”
08:01
and why I continue to do it,
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ื•ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ,
08:04
this is why.
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ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื”.
08:05
When I go back to Syria, next week in fact,
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืฉื‘ื” ืœืกื•ืจื™ื”, ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื‘ื ืœืžืขืฉื”,
08:08
what I see is incredibly heroic people,
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื–ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืชืขื•ื–ื ืœื ืชื™ืืžืŸ,
08:12
some of them fighting for democracy,
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ื—ืœืงื ื ืื‘ืงื™ื ืœืžืขืŸ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”,
08:15
for things we take for granted every single day.
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืืœื™ื”ื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื•.
08:19
And that's pretty much why I do it.
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ื•ื–ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”.
08:22
In 2004, I had a little baby boy,
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ื‘- 2004, ื™ืœื“ืชื™ ื™ืœื“ ืงื˜ืŸ
08:26
and I call him my miracle child,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” ืื•ืชื• ื™ืœื“ ื”ื ืก ืฉืœื™,
08:30
because after seeing so much death
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ื›ื™ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื•ื•ืช
08:33
and destruction and chaos and darkness in my life,
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ื•ื”ืจืก ื•ื›ืื•ืก ื•ื—ื•ืฉืš ื‘ื—ื™ื™,
08:37
this ray of hope was born.
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ืงืจืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ื ื•ืœื“.
08:41
And I called him Luca, which means "The bringer of light,"
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ื•ืื ื™ ืงืจืืชื™ ืœื• ืœื•ืงื”, ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• "ื”ืžืื™ืจ,"
08:45
because he does bring light to my life.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืจ ืœื—ื™ื™.
08:50
But I'm talking about him because when he was four months old,
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ืืš ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœื™ื• ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
08:53
my foreign editor forced me to go back to Baghdad
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ืขื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื›ืจื™ื— ืื•ืชื™ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื’ื“ื“
08:58
where I had been reporting all throughout the Saddam regime
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ืื™ืคื” ืฉื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ืชื™ ืœืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืกื“ืื
09:01
and during the fall of Baghdad and afterwards,
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ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ื ืคื™ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื’ื“ื“ ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ
09:04
and I remember getting on the plane in tears,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื‘ื“ืžืขื•ืช,
09:07
crying to be separated from my son,
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ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื™ื” ืžื”ื”ื™ืคืจื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™
09:10
and while I was there,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื,
09:12
a quite famous Iraqi politician who was a friend of mine
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ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ ืขื™ืจืืงื™ ื“ื™ ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื™ื“ ืฉืœื™
09:15
said to me, "What are you doing here?
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ืืžืจ ืœื™, "ืžื” ืืช ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืืŸ?
09:18
Why aren't you home with Luca?"
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ืœืžื” ืืช ืœื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืขื ืœื•ืงื”?"
09:20
And I said, "Well, I have to see." It was 2004
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ , "ืชืจืื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืจืื•ืช." ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘- 2004
09:23
which was the beginning of the incredibly bloody time in Iraq,
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ื›ืชืžืช ื‘ื“ื ื‘ืขื™ืจืืง,
09:28
"I have to see, I have to see what is happening here.
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"ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืจืื•ืช, ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื›ืืŸ.
09:31
I have to report it."
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ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื” ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœื™ื•."
09:32
And he said, "Go home,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืœื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”,
09:35
because if you miss his first tooth,
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ื›ื™ ืื ืชื—ืžื™ืฆื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื•,
09:39
if you miss his first step, you'll never forgive yourself.
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ืื ืชื—ืžื™ืฆื™ ืืช ืฆืขื“ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชืกืœื—ื™ ืœืขืฆืžืš.
09:42
But there will always be another war."
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ืืš ืœืขื•ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช."
09:46
And there, sadly, will always be wars.
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ื•ื™ื”ื™ื•, ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืขืฆื‘, ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“.
09:50
And I am deluding myself if I think, as a journalist,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฉืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืื ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช, ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ืช,
09:54
as a reporter, as a writer,
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืกื•ืงืจืช, ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื›ืชื‘ืช,
09:55
what I do can stop them. I can't.
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืขื“ืŸ. ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื”.
10:00
I'm not Kofi Annan. He can't stop a war.
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ืื™ื ื™ ืงื•ืคื™ ืขื ืืŸ. ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืขื“ ืžืœื—ืžื”.
10:03
He tried to negotiate Syria and couldn't do it.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—.
10:06
I'm not a U.N. conflict resolution person.
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ืื™ื ื™ ืื™ืฉ ืคื•ืชืจ ืขื™ืžื•ืชื™ื ืžื”ืื•"ื.
10:10
I'm not even a humanitarian aid doctor,
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ืื™ื ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืจื•ืคืื” ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™
10:12
and I can't tell you the times of how helpless I've felt
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ื•ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื—ืฉืชื™ ื›ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืื•ื ื™ื
10:15
to have people dying in front of me, and I couldn't save them.
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ืฉืžืชื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ืœื™ ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœื .
10:18
All I am is a witness.
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื”.
10:22
My role is to bring a voice to people who are voiceless.
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ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืงื•ืœ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืงื•ืœ.
10:27
A colleague of mine described it as to shine a light
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ืขืžื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ืชื™ืืจ ื–ืืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืื•ืจ
10:30
in the darkest corners of the world.
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ื‘ืคื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืคืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
10:33
And that's what I try to do.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
10:36
I'm not always successful,
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ืื™ื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื”
10:39
and sometimes it's incredibly frustrating,
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื–ื” ืžื™ื™ืืฉ ื‘ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ,
10:41
because you feel like you're writing into a void,
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืืชื” ื—ืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืืชื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืœืชื•ืš ื—ืœืœ,
10:44
or you feel like no one cares.
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ืื• ืืชื” ื—ืฉ ืฉืœืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืื›ืคืช.
10:46
Who cares about Syria? Who cares about Bosnia?
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ืœืžื™ ืื›ืคืช ืžืกื•ืจื™ื”? ืœืžื™ ืื›ืคืช ืžื‘ื•ืกื ื™ื”?
10:48
Who cares about the Congo,
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ืœืžื™ ืื›ืคืช ืžืงื•ื ื’ื•,
10:50
the Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone,
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ืžื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื”ื‘, ืžืœื™ื‘ืจื™ื”, ืžืกื™ื™ืจื” ืœื™ืื•ืŸ,
10:52
all of these strings of places that
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ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
10:55
I will remember for the rest of my life?
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ืฉืื ื™ ืื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœืฉืืจื™ืช ื—ื™ื™?
10:58
But my mรฉtier is to bear witness
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ืืš ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืขื“ื•ืช
11:02
and that is the crux, the heart of the matter,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“, ืœื‘ ืœื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ,
11:05
for us reporters who do this.
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ืœื ื• ื”ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
11:07
And all I can really do is hope,
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืงื•ื•ืช,
11:11
not to policymakers or politicians,
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ืœื ืœืงื•ื‘ืขื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื,
11:14
because as much as I'd like to have faith
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ื›ื™ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืื—ื•ื– ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”
11:16
that they read my words and do something,
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ืฉื”ื ื™ืงืจืื• ืืช ืžื™ืœื•ืชื™ื™ ื•ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ืžืฉื”ื•,
11:19
I don't delude myself.
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ืื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืœื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื™.
11:22
But what I do hope is that if you remember anything I said
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ืืš ืื ื™ ื›ืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืื ืชื–ื›ืจื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืžืžื” ืฉืืžืจืชื™
11:26
or any of my stories tomorrow morning over breakfast,
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ืื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืœืžื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืืจื•ื—ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
11:29
if you can remember the story of Sarajevo,
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ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืกืจื™ื™ื‘ื•
11:32
or the story of Rwanda,
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ืื• ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืื ื“ื”,
11:36
then I've done my job.
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ืื– ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™.
11:38
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
11:40
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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