Tan Le: My immigration story

406,729 views ใƒป 2012-02-24

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
How can I speak in 10 minutes
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ืื™ืš ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืคืจ ื‘ืขืฉืจ ื“ืงื•ืช
00:18
about the bonds of women over three generations,
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ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื•ืจื•ืช,
00:21
about how the astonishing strength of those bonds
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ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ื•ื—ื ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจื™ื ืืœื”
00:24
took hold in the life of a four-year-old girl
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ืชืคืก ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”
ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ืช ืืจื‘ืข,
00:28
huddled with her young sister, her mother and her grandmother
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ืฉืžืฆื˜ื•ืคืคืช ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืื—ื•ืชื” ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื”,
ืื™ืžื” ื•ืกื‘ืชื”
00:33
for five days and nights in a small boat in the China Sea
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœื™ืœื•ืช
ื‘ืกื™ืจื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืŸ
ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื”,
00:37
more than 30 years ago.
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00:39
Bonds that took hold in the life of that small girl
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ืงืฉืจื™ื ืฉืงื ื• ืื—ื™ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ื™ืœื“ื”
00:42
and never let go --
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ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ืจืคื•? --
00:44
that small girl now living in San Francisco
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ืื•ืชื” ื™ืœื“ื” ื—ื™ื” ื›ืขืช ื‘ืกืŸ-ืคืจื ืฆื™ืกืงื•
00:47
and speaking to you today.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืืœื™ื›ื ื›ืขืช.
00:50
This is not a finished story.
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ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ,
00:52
It is a jigsaw puzzle still being put together.
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ืืœื ืชืฆืจืฃ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘.
00:56
Let me tell you about some of the pieces.
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ื”ื‘ื” ื•ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืžืคื™ืกื•ืชื™ื•.
01:00
Imagine the first piece: a man burning his life's work.
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”:
ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืจืฃ ืืช ืžืคืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื•.
01:04
He is a poet, a playwright,
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื•ืจืจ, ืžื—ื–ืื™,
01:08
a man whose whole life
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ืื“ื ืฉื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ื–ื ื™ื
01:09
had been balanced on the single hope of his country's unity and freedom.
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ืขืœ ื—ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื”ืื—ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืื™ื—ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•.
01:14
Imagine him as the communists enter Saigon --
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขืช ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ื’ื•ืŸ,
01:17
confronting the fact that his life had been a complete waste.
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ื›ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืžื•ื—ืœื˜.
01:21
Words, for so long his friends, now mocked him.
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ื”ืžืœื™ื, ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืžืฉื›ื‘ืจ, ืœื•ืขื’ื•ืช ืœื•.
01:25
He retreated into silence.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื‘ืฆืจ ื‘ืฉืชื™ืงืชื•.
01:27
He died broken by history.
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืจืข ื•ืžืช ืชื—ืช ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
01:31
He is my grandfather.
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ื–ื”ื• ืกื‘ื™.
01:34
I never knew him in real life.
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจื•.
01:38
But our lives are much more than our memories.
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื•.
01:41
My grandmother never let me forget his life.
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ืกื‘ืชื™ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื ื™ื—ื” ืœื™ ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื•.
01:44
My duty was not to allow it to have been in vain,
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ื—ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ืœืืคืฉืจ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืฉื•ื•ื,
01:48
and my lesson was to learn that, yes, history tried to crush us,
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ื•ื”ืœืงื— ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ื”ื™ื”,
ืฉืื›ืŸ, ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœืžื—ื•ืฅ ืื•ืชื ื•,
01:52
but we endured.
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ืืš ืื ื• ืฉืจื“ื ื•.
01:55
The next piece of the jigsaw is of a boat in the early dawn
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ื”ืคื™ืกื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื‘ืชืฆืจืฃ
ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ืจื” ืขื ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ
01:58
slipping silently out to sea.
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ื”ืžื—ืœื™ืงื” ื“ื•ืžื ืืœ ื”ื™ื.
02:02
My mother, Mai, was 18 when her father died --
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ืื™ืžื™, ืžืื™, ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืช 18 ื›ืฉืื‘ื™ื” ืžืช--
02:05
already in an arranged marriage,
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ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืฉื•ืื” ื“ืจืš ืฉื™ื“ื•ืš,
02:07
already with two small girls.
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ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืื ืœืฉืชื™ ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช.
02:10
For her, life had distilled itself into one task:
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื”, ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืฆื˜ืžืฆืžื• ืœืžื˜ืœื” ืื—ืช:
02:14
the escape of her family and a new life in Australia.
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ื”ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื”
ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”.
02:18
It was inconceivable to her that she would not succeed.
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ืœื ืขืœื” ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื“ืขืชื” ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชืฆืœื™ื—.
02:22
So after a four-year saga that defies fiction,
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ืื– ืื—ืจื™ ืกืื’ื” ื‘ืช 4 ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ,
02:25
a boat slipped out to sea disguised as a fishing vessel.
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ื”ื—ืœื™ืงื” ืกื™ืจื” ืืœ ื”ื™ื
ื‘ืžืกื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืจืช-ื“ื™ื’.
02:30
All the adults knew the risks.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืช.
02:33
The greatest fear was of pirates, rape and death.
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ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื•ื“ื“ื™-ื™ื,
ืื•ื ืก ื•ืžื•ื•ืช.
02:38
Like most adults on the boat,
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ื›ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืกื™ืจื”,
02:40
my mother carried a small bottle of poison.
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ืื™ืžื™ ื ืฉืื” ืขื™ืžื” ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื•ืŸ ืจืขืœ.
02:43
If we were captured, first my sister and I,
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ืื ื ื™ืชืคืก, ืจืืฉื™ืช ืื—ื•ืชื™ ื•ืื ื™,
ื•ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื ื•ืกื‘ืชื™, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ืฉืชื” ืืช ื”ืจืขืœ.
02:47
then she and my grandmother would drink.
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02:50
My first memories are from the boat --
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ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ืžืื•ืชื” ืกื™ืจื”--
02:53
the steady beat of the engine,
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ื”ื”ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื•ืข,
02:55
the bow dipping into each wave,
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ื”ื—ืจื˜ื•ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ืœ,
02:58
the vast and empty horizon.
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ื”ืื•ืคืง ื”ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื”ืจื™ืง,
03:01
I don't remember the pirates who came many times,
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ืื™ื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืืช ืฉื•ื“ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช,
03:03
but were bluffed by the bravado of the men on our boat,
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ืืš ื”ื•ื˜ืขื• ื•ื ืจืชืขื• ืžืคื ื™ ืชืขื•ื–ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืจืชื ื•,
03:07
or the engine dying and failing to start for six hours.
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ืื• ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืข ื”ื’ื•ื•ืข ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ
ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช.
03:12
But I do remember the lights on the oil rig off the Malaysian coast
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ืืš ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืืช ืื•ืจื•ืช ืืกื“ืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ื—
ืžื•ืœ ื—ื•ืคื™ ืžืœื–ื™ื”
ื•ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฉืงืจืก ื•ืžืช -
03:17
and the young man who collapsed and died,
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03:19
the journey's end too much for him,
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ื”ืžืกืข ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื“ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื•,
03:23
and the first apple I tasted, given to me by the men on the rig.
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ื•ืืช ื”ืชืคื•ื— ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืžืชื™,
ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืข"ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืืกื“ืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ื—.
03:27
No apple has ever tasted the same.
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ืœืืฃ ืชืคื•ื— ืžืื– ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ื˜ืขื.
03:33
After three months in a refugee camp, we landed in Melbourne.
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื ื—ืชื ื• ื‘ืžืœื‘ื•ืจืŸ.
03:37
And the next piece of the jigsaw is about four women
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ื•ื”ืคื™ืกื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฆืจืฃ
ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื•ืจื•ืช
03:40
across three generations shaping a new life together.
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ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
03:45
We settled in Footscray,
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ื”ืฉืชืงืขื ื• ื‘ืคื•ื˜ืกืงืจื™ื™,
03:47
a working-class suburb whose demographic is layers of immigrants.
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ืคืจื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื
ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ื• ื”ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ ื”ื™ื” ืจื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื.
03:51
Unlike the settled middle-class suburbs, whose existence I was oblivious of,
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ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ื”ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™,
ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ื“ืขืช ืœืงื™ื•ืžื,
03:56
there was no sense of entitlement in Footscray.
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ื‘ืคื•ืกื˜ืงืจื™ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื›ื•ืช.
03:59
The smells from shop doors were from the rest of the world.
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ื”ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืฉืื• ืžืคืชื—ื™ ื”ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ืœ ื™ืชืจ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
04:02
And the snippets of halting English
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ื•ืฉื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืกืกืช ื”ื•ื—ืœืคื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื
04:04
were exchanged between people who had one thing in common:
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ:
04:07
They were starting again.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
04:10
My mother worked on farms,
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ืื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉืงื™ื ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื
04:12
then on a car assembly line,
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ื•ืื—ืจ ื‘ืงื• ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
04:14
working six days, double shifts.
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ืฉื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื•ืช.
04:17
Somehow, she found time to study English
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ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื ืžืฆืื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
04:19
and gain IT qualifications.
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื.
04:22
We were poor.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื ื™ื•ืช.
04:24
All the dollars were allocated
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ืœื›ืœ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ
04:26
and extra tuition in English and mathematics was budgeted for
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื•ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”
ื–ื›ืชื” ืœืชืงืฆื™ื‘,
04:29
regardless of what missed out,
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื” -
04:32
which was usually new clothes;
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื;
04:35
they were always secondhand.
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ืœื‘ืฉื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืžืฉื™ื.
04:37
Two pairs of stockings for school,
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ืฉื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ื’ืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืกืคืจ,
04:39
each to hide the holes in the other.
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ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื—ืจ.
04:42
A school uniform down to the ankles, because it had to last for six years.
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ืชืœื‘ื•ืฉืช ืื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืขื“ ื”ืงืจืกื•ืœื™ื™ื,
ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื ื• ืœืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืฉืžืขื• ื’ื ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฆื•ืจืžื ื™ื™ื:
04:48
And there were rare but searing chants of "slit-eye"
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"ืžืœื•ื›ืกื ื•ืช!"
ื•ืžื™ื“ื™ ืคืขื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงื™ืจ:
04:52
and the occasional graffiti:
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04:53
"Asian, go home."
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"ืืกื™ืืชื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”!"
04:55
Go home to where?
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ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืœืืŸ?
04:58
Something stiffened inside me.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืชืงืฉื— ื‘ืชื•ื›ื™.
05:00
There was a gathering of resolve and a quiet voice saying,
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ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื™ ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช
ื•ืงื•ืœ ืฉืงื˜ ืฉืืžืจ, "ืืชืขืœื ืžื›ื."
05:04
"I will bypass you."
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05:07
My mother, my sister and I slept in the same bed.
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ืื™ืžื™, ืื—ื•ืชื™ ื•ืื ื™
ื™ืฉื ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžื™ื˜ื”.
05:11
My mother was exhausted each night,
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ืื™ืžื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืชืฉืช ืžื™ื“ื™ ืœื™ืœื”,
ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืกื™ืคืจื ื• ื–ื• ืœื–ื• ืขืœ ื™ื•ืžื ื•
05:14
but we told one another about our day
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05:16
and listened to the movements of my grandmother around the house.
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ื•ื”ืงืฉื‘ื ื• ืœืชื ื•ืขื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืกื‘ืชื™ ื›ืฉื”ืชื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.
05:20
My mother suffered from nightmares, all about the boat.
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ืื™ืžื™ ืกื‘ืœื” ืžืกื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ืกื™ืจื”.
05:24
And my job was to stay awake until her nightmares came
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ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืขืจื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ื—ืœื• ืกื™ื•ื˜ื™ื”
05:27
so I could wake her.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืื•ืชื”.
05:31
She opened a computer store,
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ื”ื™ื ืคืชื—ื” ื—ื ื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื
05:33
then studied to be a beautician and opened another business.
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ื•ืื—ืจ ืœืžื“ื” ืงื•ืกืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืคืชื—ื” ืขืกืง ื ื•ืกืฃ.
05:36
And the women came with their stories
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ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืขื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื”ืŸ
05:38
about men who could not make the transition,
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ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื
05:41
angry and inflexible,
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ื‘ืฉืœ ื–ืขืžื ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ-ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืชื,
05:42
and troubled children caught between two worlds.
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ื•ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืœื›ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช.
05:46
Grants and sponsors were sought.
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ื—ื™ืคืฉื ื• ืžื™ืœื’ื•ืช ื•ืžืžืžื ื™ื, ื”ืงืžื ื• ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื.
05:48
Centers were established.
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05:51
I lived in parallel worlds.
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ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื.
05:53
In one, I was the classic Asian student,
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ื‘ืื—ื“, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ืืกื™ื™ืืชื™ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื”,
05:56
relentless in the demands that I made on myself.
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ื‘ืœืชื™-ืžืชืคืฉืจืช ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื”ืฆื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™.
05:59
In the other, I was enmeshed in lives that were precarious,
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ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื›ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืœืื™ ืกื›ื ื•ืช
06:02
tragically scarred by violence, drug abuse and isolation.
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ื”ืžืฆื•ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจื— ื˜ืจื’ื™ ืข"ื™ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช,
ืกืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™.
06:07
But so many over the years were helped.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื–ื›ื• ืœืขื–ืจื” ื‘ืžืจื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื,
06:10
And for that work, when I was a final-year law student,
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ื•ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื›ืš, ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื,
06:12
I was chosen as the Young Australian of the Year.
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ื ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ืœ"ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ืช ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื”",
06:15
And I was catapulted from one piece of the jigsaw to another,
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ื•ื”ื•ื˜ืœืชื™ ืžืคื™ืกื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฆืจืฃ ืœืื—ืจืช,
06:19
and their edges didn't fit.
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ืœืœื ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื™ืกื•ืช;
06:22
Tan Le, anonymous Footscray resident,
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ื˜ืืŸ ืœื™, ืชื•ืฉื‘ืช ืืœืžื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ืกืงืจื™ื™,
06:24
was now Tan Le, refugee and social activist,
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ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื˜ืืŸ ืœื™ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ื”ืคืขื™ืœื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
06:27
invited to speak in venues she had never heard of
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ืฉืžื•ื–ืžื ืช ืœื”ืจืฆื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืืช ืฉื™ืžืขื ืœื ืฉืžืขื”
ื•ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉืืช ืขืฆื ืงื™ื•ืžื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฉื™ืขืจื”.
06:31
and into homes whose existence she could never have imagined.
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06:35
I didn't know the protocols.
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ืœื ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื“ื™ื.
06:37
I didn't know how to use the cutlery.
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ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืื™ืš ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื›ื•"ื.
06:40
I didn't know how to talk about wine.
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ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืื™ืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื™ื ื•ืช.
06:42
I didn't know how to talk about anything.
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ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืื™ืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ.
06:46
I wanted to retreat to the routines and comfort
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืกื’ืช ืืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืฉื’ืจื” ื•ืืœ ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช
06:49
of life in an unsung suburb --
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ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื‘ืจ ื”ืืคื•ืจ --
06:52
a grandmother, a mother and two daughters
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ืกื‘ืชื, ืื™ืžื ื•ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื ื•ืช
06:55
ending each day as they had for almost 20 years,
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ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขืฉื• ื›ืžืขื˜ 20 ืฉื ื”,
06:59
telling one another the story of their day
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ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืกืคืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืœื–ื• ืืช ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื™ื•ืžืŸ,
07:01
and falling asleep, the three of us still in the same bed.
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ื•ืื—ืจ ื ืจื“ืžื•ืช -
ืฉืœื•ืฉืชื ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžื™ื˜ื”.
07:07
I told my mother I couldn't do it.
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืœืื™ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืš.
07:10
She reminded me that I was now the same age she had been
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืœื™ ืฉื›ืขืช ืื ื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื”, ืื–, ื›ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืกื™ืจื” ื”ื”ื™ื.
07:14
when we boarded the boat.
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07:16
"No" had never been an option.
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"ืœื" ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช.
"ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืชืขืฉื™ ืืช ื–ื”," ืืžืจื”,
07:20
"Just do it," she said,
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07:21
"and don't be what you're not."
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"ื•ืืœ ืชื”ื™ื™ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ืš."
07:24
So I spoke out on youth unemployment and education
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ืื– ื”ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืขืœ ืื‘ื˜ืœืช ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
07:27
and the neglect of the marginalized and disenfranchised.
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ื•ืขืœ ื”ื–ื ื—ืช ื”ื ื“ื—ืงื™ื ืœืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืกืจื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช.
07:31
And the more candidly I spoke, the more I was asked to speak.
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™-ืœื‘,
ื›ืš ื”ื™ืจื‘ื• ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ืจืฆื•ืช.
07:36
I met people from all walks of life,
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ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
07:38
so many of them doing the thing they loved,
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ื•ื›ื” ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ืขืกืงื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื,
07:41
living on the frontiers of possibility.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืžืฆื™ื ืืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื.
07:43
And even though I finished my degree,
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืืจ ืฉืœื™,
07:46
I realized I could not settle into a career in law.
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ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช;
07:49
There had to be another piece of the jigsaw.
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ื—ืกืจื” ืœื™ ืขื•ื“ ืคื™ืกื” ื‘ืชืฆืจืฃ.
07:53
And I realized, at the same time,
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ื•ื‘ื”-ื‘ืขืช ื’ื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™
07:55
that it is OK to be an outsider,
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ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื”,
07:58
a recent arrival,
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ื–ื• ืฉืžืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืื”,
07:59
new on the scene --
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ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— --
08:01
and not just OK,
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ,
08:03
but something to be thankful for,
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ืืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•,
08:05
perhaps a gift from the boat.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืžืชื ื” ืฉื ื•ืชืจื” ืœื™ ืžืื•ืชื” ืกื™ืจื”.
08:08
Because being an insider can so easily mean collapsing the horizons,
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ื›ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืช ืžื›ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื›ื” ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฆืจ ืื•ืคืงื™ื,
08:13
can so easily mean accepting the presumptions of your province.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื›ื” ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช.
08:18
I have stepped outside my comfort zone enough now
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ืขืชื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืจื—ืงืชื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื™
08:20
to know that, yes, the world does fall apart,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืื›ืŸ, ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชืคืจืง,
08:23
but not in the way that you fear.
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ืืš ืœื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื—ืฉืฉืชื™.
08:25
Possibilities that would not have been allowed
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ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช
08:28
were outrageously encouraged.
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ื–ื›ื• ื›ืขืช ืœืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื•ืฆืคื ื™.
08:30
There was an energy there,
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืขืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื”,
08:31
an implacable optimism,
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ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืจืฆื•ืชื•,
08:33
a strange mixture of humility and daring.
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ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืžืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ืขื–ื”.
08:37
So I followed my hunches.
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ืื– ื ืขื ื™ืชื™ ืœืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ.
08:39
I gathered around me a small team of people
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ืงื™ื‘ืฆืชื™ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
08:41
for whom the label "It can't be done" was an irresistible challenge.
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ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ืช "ื–ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™" ื”ื™ื ืืชื’ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื•.
08:46
For a year, we were penniless.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ืกืจื™-ืคืจื•ื˜ื”.
08:48
At the end of each day, I made a huge pot of soup
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื ืชื™ ืกื™ืจ ืžืจืง ืขื ืง
ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ืœืงื ื• ื‘ื•.
08:51
which we all shared.
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08:53
We worked well into each night.
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ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื”.
08:55
Most of our ideas were crazy,
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ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื• ืžื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ืืš ืื—ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื™ื,
08:57
but a few were brilliant,
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08:59
and we broke through.
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ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ืคืจื™ืฆืช-ื“ืจืš.
09:02
I made the decision to move to the US after only one trip.
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ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืจื”"ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื ืกื™ืขื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœื›ืืŸ.
09:06
My hunches again.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืชื—ื•ืฉืช-ื‘ื˜ืŸ.
09:08
Three months later, I had relocated, and the adventure has continued.
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ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื”ืจืคืชืงื” ื ืžืฉื›ื”.
09:14
Before I close, though, let me tell you about my grandmother.
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ืืš ื‘ื˜ืจื ืืกื™ื™ื,
ื”ื‘ื” ื•ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ืกื‘ืชื™.
09:19
She grew up at a time when Confucianism was the social norm
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ
ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื“ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื•ืก ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื ื•ืจืžื”
09:22
and the local mandarin was the person who mattered.
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ื•ื”ืžื ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
09:26
Life hadn't changed for centuries.
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื• ืžื–ื” ืžืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื.
09:29
Her father died soon after she was born.
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ืื‘ื™ื” ืžืช ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ืœื™ื“ืชื”.
09:32
Her mother raised her alone.
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ืื™ืžื” ื’ื™ื“ืœื” ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื”.
09:35
At 17, she became the second wife of a mandarin whose mother beat her.
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 17 ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืืฉืชื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืื—ื“,
ื•ืื™ืžื• ื ื”ื’ื” ืœื”ื›ื•ืชื”.
09:41
With no support from her husband,
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ื›ืฉืœื ื–ื›ืชื” ืœืฉื•ื ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืžืฆื“ ื‘ืขืœื”,
ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืœืœื” ืฉืขืจื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืชื‘ืขื” ืื•ืชื• ืœื“ื™ืŸ
09:44
she caused a sensation by taking him to court
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09:46
and prosecuting her own case,
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ื•ื™ื™ืฆื’ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ืขืช,
09:48
and a far greater sensation when she won.
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ื•ืฉืขืจื•ืจื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื›ืฉื–ื›ืชื” ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜.
09:51
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:53
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:58
"It can't be done" was shown to be wrong.
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"ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™" ื”ื•ื›ื— ื›ืฉื’ื•ื™.
10:03
I was taking a shower in a hotel room in Sydney
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืงืœื—ืช, ื‘ื—ื“ืจ-ืžืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ื“ื ื™
10:06
the moment she died,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื”,
10:08
600 miles away, in Melbourne.
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ื‘ืžืจื—ืง 1000 ืง"ืž ืžืฉื, ื‘ืžืœื‘ื•ืจืŸ.
10:12
I looked through the shower screen and saw her standing on the other side.
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ื”ื‘ื˜ืชื™ ื“ืจืš ื•ื™ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงืœื—ืช ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™.
10:16
I knew she had come to say goodbye.
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ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืื” ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“.
10:19
My mother phoned minutes later.
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ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื’ืขื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื ื˜ื™ืœืคื ื” ืื™ืžื™.
10:22
A few days later,
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ื™ืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื‘ืคื•ื˜ืกืงืจื™ื™
10:23
we went to a Buddhist temple in Footscray and sat around her casket.
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ื•ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืืจื•ื ื”.
10:28
We told her stories and assured her that we were still with her.
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ืกื™ืคืจื ื• ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื”
ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื ื• ืœื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืชื”.
10:32
At midnight, the monk came and told us he had to close the casket.
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ื‘ื—ืฆื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ ื•ืืžืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืจื•ืŸ.
10:38
My mother asked us to feel her hand.
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ืื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ื™ื“ื”.
10:41
She asked the monk,
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืืœื” ืืช ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ,
10:43
"Why is it that her hand is so warm and the rest of her is so cold?"
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"ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืฉื™ื“ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื” ื—ืžื” ื•ืฉืืจ ื’ื•ืคื” ืงืจ?"
10:48
"Because you have been holding it since this morning," he said.
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"ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืืชืŸ ืื•ื—ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื” ืžืื– ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ," ืขื ื”.
10:52
"You have not let it go."
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"ืœื ื”ื ื—ืชืŸ ืœื”."
10:57
If there is a sinew in our family, it runs through the women.
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ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืื™ื–ื” ื—ื•ืกืŸ,
ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžืื™ืฉื” ืœืื™ืฉื”.
11:02
Given who we were and how life had shaped us,
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ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืขื™ืฆื‘ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
11:05
we can now see that the men that might have come into our lives
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืขืชื” ืœืจืื•ืช
ืฉื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•
11:08
would have thwarted us.
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ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•
11:10
Defeat would have come too easily.
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืงืœ ืžื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
11:13
Now I would like to have my own children, and I wonder about the boat.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœื“ืช ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™,
ื•ืื ื™ ื ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ืกื™ืจื” ื”ื”ื™ื.
11:19
Who could ever wish it on their own?
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ืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื•ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœื‘ื“ื•?
11:22
Yet I am afraid of privilege,
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ื•ืขื ื–ืืช ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉืฉืช ืžืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืคืจื™ื‘ื™ืœื’ื™ื”,
11:24
of ease,
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ืžืงืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
11:25
of entitlement.
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ืžืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื›ื•ืช.
11:27
Can I give them a bow in their lives, dipping bravely into each wave,
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ื”ืื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื”ื ื—ืจื˜ื•ื-ืกื™ืจื”,
ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื•ื– ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ืœ,
11:32
the unperturbed and steady beat of the engine,
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ืืช ื”ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžื ื•ืข ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ื˜ืจื“ืช ื•ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื”,
11:36
the vast horizon that guarantees nothing?
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ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืง ื”ื ืจื—ื‘
ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื“ื‘ืจ?
11:40
I don't know.
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช.
11:42
But if I could give it
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ืืš ืื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื”ื ื–ืืช
11:43
and still see them safely through,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืœื•ื•ืชื ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื” ื‘ืžืกืขื, ื–ืืช ืืขืฉื”.
11:46
I would.
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11:48
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:01
Trevor Neilson: And also, Tan's mother is here today,
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ื˜ืจื‘ื•ืจ ื ื™ืœืกื•ืŸ: ืื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืืŸ ื ืžืฆืืช ืื™ืชื ื•
12:04
in the fourth or fifth row.
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ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืื• ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช.
12:06
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)

Original video on YouTube.com
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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