Conception to birth -- visualized | Alexander Tsiaras

3,649,935 views ใƒป 2011-11-14

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
I was offered a position as associate professor of medicine
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ื”ื•ืฆืขื” ืœื™ ืžืฉืจื” ื›ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืขืžื™ืช ืœืจืคื•ืื”
00:18
and chief of scientific visualization
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ื•ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื”ื“ืžื™ื™ื” ืžื“ืขื™ืช
00:21
at Yale University
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ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื™ื™ืœ
00:23
in the department of medicine.
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ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื”.
00:25
And my job was to write many of the algorithms and code
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ื•ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ื•ื”ืงื•ื“
00:28
for NASA to do virtual surgery
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ืœื ืืกื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื
00:30
in preparation for the astronauts going into deep-space flight,
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ื‘ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืืกื˜ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืกื• ืœื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื—ืœืœ ืขืžื•ืง,
00:33
so they could be kept in robotic pods.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ืฉืžืจ ื‘ืชืื™ื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื.
00:35
One of the fascinating things about what we were working on
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืจืชืงื™ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื”
ื”ื•ื ืฉืจืื™ื ื•, ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืกืจื™ืงื” ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
00:38
is that we were seeing, using new scanning technologies,
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื ืจืื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ --
00:41
things that had never been seen before.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช,
00:43
Not only in disease management,
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00:44
but also things that allowed us to see things about the body
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ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจื• ืœื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ื•ืฃ
00:48
that just made you marvel.
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ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ื’ืจืžื• ืœื›ื ืœื”ืฉืชืื•ืช.
00:51
I remember one of the first times we were looking at collagen.
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ืื—ืช ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื˜ื ื• ื‘ืงื•ืœื’ืŸ.
00:54
And your entire body, everything --
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื”ื›ืœ --
00:56
your hair, skin, bone, nails --
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ื‘ืฉื™ืขืจ, ืขื•ืจ, ืขืฆืžื•ืช, ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื™ื --
00:58
everything is made of collagen.
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ื”ื›ืœ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืงื•ืœื’ืŸ.
01:00
And it's a kind of rope-like structure that twirls and swirls like this.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืœ
ืฉืžืชืœืคืฃ ื•ืžืชืขืจื‘ืœ ื›ื›ื”.
ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื• ืงื•ืœื’ืŸ ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืžื‘ื ื”ื•
01:05
And the only place that collagen changes its structure
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืงืจื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืŸ.
01:09
is in the cornea of your eye.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืŸ,
01:11
In your eye, it becomes a grid formation,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช,
01:14
and therefore, it becomes transparent, as opposed to opaque.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืฉืงื•ืฃ, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืื˜ื•ื.
01:17
So perfectly organized a structure,
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ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ื‘ื›ื–ื• ืฉืœืžื•ืช,
01:20
it was hard not to attribute divinity to it.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื ืœื™ื—ืก ื›ื•ื— ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื–ื”.
01:22
Because we kept on seeing this in different parts of the body.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉื›ื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘
ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ.
01:27
One of the opportunities I had
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ืื—ืช ืžื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™
01:30
was one person was working on a really interesting
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืขื‘ื“ ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ืช
01:32
micromagnetic resonance imaging machine with the NIH.
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ื”ื“ืžื™ืช ืชื”ื•ื“ื” ืžื™ืงืจื•ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืขื ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœืจืคื•ืื”.
01:35
And what we were going to do
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืขืžื“ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช
01:37
was scan a new project
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ื”ื™ื” ืœืกืจื•ืง ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื—ื“ืฉ
01:39
on the development of the fetus from conception to birth
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ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžื”ื”ืชืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืขื“ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”
ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
01:42
using these new technologies.
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01:43
So I wrote the algorithms and code,
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ืื– ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื“,
01:45
and he built the hardware -- Paul Lauterbur --
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื” -- ืคื•ืœ ืœืื•ื˜ืจื‘ื•ืจ --
01:48
then went onto win the Nobel Prize for inventing the MRI.
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ืฉืื– ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆืืช ื”MRI.
01:51
I got the data.
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ืื ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
01:53
And I'm going to show you a sample of the piece,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
01:55
"From Conception to Birth."
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"ืžื”ืชืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืœื™ื“ื”."
01:57
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
02:02
[From Conception to Birth]
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ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืื•: "ืžื”ืชืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืœื™ื“ื”"
02:09
[Oocyte]
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ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช
02:14
[Sperm]
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ื–ืจืข
02:20
[Egg Inseminated]
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ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืจื™ืช
02:27
[24 Hours: Baby's first division]
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24 ืฉืขื•ืช: ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง
02:33
[The fertilized ovum divides a few hours after fusion...]
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ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืจื™ืช ืžืชื—ืœืงืช ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื™ื–ื•ื’...
02:38
[And divides anew every 12 to 15 hours.]
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ื•ืžืชื—ืœืงืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืœ 12 ืขื“ 15 ืฉืขื•ืช.
ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™
02:42
[Early Embryo]
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ืฉืง ื”ื—ืœืžื•ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื–ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง.
02:45
[Yolk sack still feeding baby.]
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02:48
[25 Days: Heart chamber developing.]
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25 ื™ืžื™ื: ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ืœื‘ ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื
02:56
[32 Days: Arms & hands are developing]
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32 ื™ืžื™ื: ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช
03:05
[36 Days: Beginning of the primitive vertebrae]
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36 ื™ืžื™ื: ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืคืจื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช
03:11
[These weeks are the period of the most rapid development
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ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ.
03:15
of the fetus.]
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03:24
[If the fetus continues to grow at this speed for the entire 9 months,
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ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
03:27
it would be 1.5 tons at birth.]
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ 1.5 ื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื“ื”.
03:31
[45 Days]
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45 ื™ืžื™ื
ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืคื•ืขื ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื›ืคื•ืœ ืžืฉืœ ืื™ืžื•.
03:40
[Embryo's heart is beating twice as fast as the mother's.]
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03:46
[51 Days]
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51 ื™ืžื™ื
03:49
[Developing retina, nose and fingers]
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52 ื™ืžื™ื: ื”ืจืฉืชื™ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ืช, ืืฃ ื•ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช
ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืžืชืžื“ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื—ื
04:04
[The fetus' continual movement in the womb
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04:08
is necessary for muscular and skeletal growth.]
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ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช ืœื’ื“ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉืœื“ ื•ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื.
04:25
[12 Weeks: Indifferent penis]
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12 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช: ืคื™ืŸ ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื—ืŸ --
04:27
[Girl or boy yet to be determined]
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืงื‘ืข ืื ื‘ืช ืื• ื‘ืŸ
04:31
[8 Months]
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8 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
05:01
[Delivery: The expulsion stage]
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ืœื™ื“ื”: ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื”ืจื—ืงื”
05:43
[The moment of birth]
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ืจื’ืข ื”ืœื™ื“ื”
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
05:53
(Applause)
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ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื˜ืกื™ื™ืจืก: ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
05:57
Alexander Tsiaras: Thank you.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื,
05:59
But as you can see,
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06:00
when you actually start working on this data,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”,
ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
06:03
it's pretty spectacular.
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06:04
And as we kept on scanning more and more,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ืžืฉื›ื ื• ืœืกืจื•ืง ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“,
06:06
working on this project,
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ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜,
ื”ืกืชื›ืœื ื• ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืชืื™ื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
06:09
looking at these two simple cells
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
06:11
that have this unbelievable machinery that will become the magic of you.
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ืฉื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืงืกื ืฉื”ื•ื ืืชื.
06:15
And as we kept on working on this data,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ืžืฉื›ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”,
06:17
looking at small clusters of the body,
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ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื ื• ื‘ืžืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ,
06:20
these little pieces of tissue
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ืคื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืจืงืžื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
06:23
that were the trophoblasts coming off of the blastocyst,
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ื˜ืจื•ืคื•ื‘ืœืกื˜ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžื‘ืœืกื˜ื•ืฆื™ืกื˜,
ืคืชืื•ื ื—ื•ืคืจื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืœื“ื•ืคืŸ ื”ืจื—ื,
06:26
all of a sudden burrowing itself into the side of the uterus,
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ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืื ื™ ืคื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืืจ."
06:29
saying, "I'm here to stay."
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06:30
Having conversation and communications
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ืคืชืื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ื—ื—ื™ื
06:32
with the estrogens, the progesterones,
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ืขื ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ, ื”ืคืจื•ื’ืกื˜ืจื•ืŸ,
06:34
saying, "I'm here to stay, plant me,"
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ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืืจ, ืชืฉืชืœื• ืื•ืชื™,"
ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื ืืจื™ ื”ื–ื”
06:37
building this incredible trilinear fetus
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ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืชื•ืš 44 ื™ืžื™ื,
06:40
that becomes, within 44 days, something that you can recognize,
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ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช,
06:43
and then at nine weeks is really kind of a little human being.
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ื•ืื– ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช
ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืงื˜ืŸ.
06:47
The marvel of this information:
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ื”ืคืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”:
06:49
How do we actually have this biological mechanism
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ืื™ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืืช ื”ืžื›ืื ื™ื–ื ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื–ื”
ื‘ืชื•ืš ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื•
06:52
inside our body
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06:53
to actually see this information?
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ืžืžืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
06:55
I'm going to show you something pretty unique.
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™.
ื”ื ื” ืœื‘ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ 25 [ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช].
06:58
Here's a human heart at 25 days.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืจืง ืฉื ื™ ื’ื“ื™ืœื™ื.
07:00
It's just basically two strands.
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07:01
And like this magnificent origami,
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ื•ื›ืžื• ื”ืื•ืจื™ื’ืžื™ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื”,
07:03
cells are developing at one million cells per second at four weeks,
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ืชืื™ื ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื
ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชืื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช,
07:08
as it's just folding on itself.
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืชืงืคืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•.
07:10
Within five weeks, you start to see the early atrium and the early ventricles.
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ืชื•ืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื–ื“ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื“ืจื™ื.
ืฉื™ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื”ืงืคืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื
07:14
Six weeks, these folds are now beginning
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ืขื ื”ื’ื‘ืฉื•ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืœื‘
07:16
with the papilla on the inside of the heart
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ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืœืžื˜ื”
07:18
actually being able to pull down each one of those valves in your heart
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉืกืชื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืœื‘
07:21
until you get a mature heart --
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ืขื“ ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืœื‘ ื‘ื•ื’ืจ --
07:24
and then basically the development of the entire human body.
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ื•ืื– ื‘ืขืฆื ืืช ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
ื”ืงืกื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ืื ื™ื–ืžื™ื
07:27
The magic of the mechanisms inside each genetic structure
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ื’ื ื˜ื™
07:31
saying exactly where that nerve cell should go --
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ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืืŸ ืชื ื”ืขืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช --
07:34
the complexity of these,
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ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
07:36
the mathematical models of how these things are indeed done
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ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืืžืช ื ืขืฉื™ื
ื”ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
07:39
are beyond human comprehension.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงืื™,
07:41
Even though I am a mathematician,
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืœื” ื‘ื”ืฉืชืื•ืช
07:43
I look at this with marvel
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07:44
of how do these instruction sets not make these mistakes
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ืื™ืš ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
ืœื ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช
07:49
as they build what is us?
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ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื•?
07:51
It's a mystery, it's magic, it's divinity.
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ื–ื” ืžื™ืกืชื•ืจื™, ื–ื” ืงืกื, ื–ื” ืืœื•ื”ื™.
07:53
Then you start to take a look at adult life.
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ืื– ืืชื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื.
07:56
Take a look at this little tuft of capillaries.
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืฆื™ืฆื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื ื™ืžื™ื.
07:58
It's just a tiny sub-substructure, microscopic.
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ื–ื” ืจืง ืชืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื–ืขื™ืจ, ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืคื™.
08:01
But basically by the time you're nine months and you're given birth,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉืืชื ื‘ื ื™ ืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืืชื ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื,
08:05
you have almost 60,000 miles of vessels inside your body.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื›ืžืขื˜ 96,000 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ื“ื
ื‘ืชื•ืš ื’ื•ืคื›ื.
08:10
And only one mile is visible.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื•ืจืง 2 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื ืจืื™ื ืœืขื™ืŸ.
08:12
59,999 miles
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95,998 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื
08:15
that are basically bringing nutrients and taking waste away.
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ืฉื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื”ื–ื ื” ื•ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืคืกื•ืœืช.
08:18
The complexity of building that within a single system
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ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื—ืช
08:20
is, again, beyond any comprehension or any existing mathematics today.
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ื”ื™ื, ืฉื•ื‘, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื”
ืื• ื›ืœ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื›ื™ื•ื.
08:24
And then instructions set,
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ื•ืกื˜ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื–ื”,
08:26
from the brain to every other part of the body --
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ืžื”ืžื•ื— ืœื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ --
ืชืจืื• ืืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ืคื•ืœื™ื.
08:29
look at the complexity of the folding.
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08:30
Where does this intelligence
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ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื•
08:32
of knowing that a fold can actually hold more information,
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ืฉืœ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ืข,
ื›ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืžืžืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžื•ื— ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื’ื“ืœ --
08:35
so as you actually watch the baby's brain grow.
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08:37
And this is one of the things we're doing.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
08:39
We're launching two new studies
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
08:41
of scanning babies' brains from the moment they're born.
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ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืฆื ืœืกืจื•ืง ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื.
08:44
Every six months until they're six years old,
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ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืฉ --
08:46
we're going to be doing about 250 children,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืกืจื•ืง ืœืžืขืฉื” 250 ื™ืœื“ื™ื --
08:49
watching exactly how the gyri and the sulci of the brains fold
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื™ืš ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืžืชืงืคืœื™ื
08:52
to see how this magnificent development
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื•
ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืœื ื”ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื•.
08:55
actually turns into memories and the marvel that is us.
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08:57
And it's not just our own existence,
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื”ืงื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•,
08:59
but how does the woman's body understand
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ืืœื ืื™ืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื ืฉื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ
ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ ืฉืœื ืจืง ื‘ื•ื ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื•,
09:02
to have genetic structure that not only builds her own,
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ืืœื ื’ื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื”
09:05
but then has the understanding
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09:06
that allows her to become
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš
09:08
a walking immunological, cardiovascular system
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ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืื™ืžื•ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืงืจื“ื™ื•-ื•ืกืงื•ืœืจื™ืช
09:11
that basically is a mobile system
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื ื™ื™ื“ืช
09:13
that can actually nurture,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืคืœื ื›ื–ื”
09:15
treat this child with a kind of marvel
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09:17
that is beyond, again, our comprehension --
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ืจ, ืฉื•ื‘, ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• --
ื”ืงืกื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืงื™ื•ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื•?
09:21
the magic that is existence, that is us?
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
09:24
Thank you.
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09:25
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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