What we do (and don't) know about the coronavirus | David Heymann

490,918 views ใƒป 2020-03-05

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: maor madmon ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Yael Ring
00:12
[As of the morning February 27, 2020,
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[ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”-27 ืœืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ, 2020,
00:14
there were at least 82,000 confirmed cases worldwide of the coronavirus
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ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืขืžื“ ืขืœ 82,000
00:17
and 2,810 deaths from it.
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ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืชื™ื ืžื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ื™ื” 2,810.
00:19
TED invited Dr. David Heymann to share the latest findings about the outbreak.]
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TED ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ืืช ื“"ืจ ื“ื™ื•ื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืžืŸ ืœืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื’ื™ืคื”.]
00:22
[What happens if you get infected with the coronavirus?]
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[ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœืžื™ ืฉื ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”?]
00:25
This looks like a very mild disease, like a common cold,
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ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžื—ืœื” ื“ื™ ืงืœื”, ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืฆื™ื ื•ืŸ,
00:28
in the majority of people.
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ืืฆืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื.
00:30
There are certain people who get infected and have very serious illness;
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ื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืžื•ืจ;
00:34
among them are health workers.
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ื—ืœืงื ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ืจืคื•ืื”.
00:36
It's a very serious infection in them,
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ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ืืฆืœื,
ื›ื™ ื”ื ื ื—ืฉืคื™ื ืœืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
00:38
as they get a higher dose than normal people,
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00:40
and at the same time, they have no immunity.
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžื—ื•ืกื ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ.
00:42
So in the general population,
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ืื– ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช
00:46
it's likely that the dose of virus that you receive when you are infected
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ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืฉืœื›ื ืœื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืฉืืชื ื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื
00:51
is much less than the dose that a health worker would receive,
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ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื–ื• ืฉืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ืืœื™ื”,
00:54
health workers having more serious infections.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:56
So your infection would be less serious, hopefully.
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ืื– ื”ื”ื™ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ื ื’ื™ืฃ ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื”.
00:59
So that leaves the elderly and those with comorbidities
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉ ืืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืจืงืข.
01:03
to really be the ones that we have to make sure
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ื”ื ืืœื• ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืœื•ื•ื“ื
01:05
are taken care of in hospitals.
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ืฉื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
01:07
[Who are the people who should be most concerned about this?]
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[ืื™ืœื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ?]
01:12
Well, the most concerned are people
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
01:14
who are, first of all, in developing countries
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ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื, ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช
01:17
and who don't have access to good medical care
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ื•ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื˜ื•ื‘,
01:20
and may not have access at all to a hospital,
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ
01:23
should an epidemic occur in their country.
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ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื” ืชื’ื™ืข ืœืืจืฆื.
01:26
Those people would be at great risk,
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื.
01:28
especially the elderly.
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01:29
Elderly in all populations are at risk,
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ื”ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
01:32
but especially those who can't get to oxygen.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืœื• ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื—ืžืฆืŸ.
01:35
In industrialized countries,
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืขืฉื•ืช,
01:36
it's the very elderly who have comorbidities,
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืจืง ื”ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืžืžืฉ, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืจืงืข,
01:39
who have diabetes, who have other diseases,
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ื”ืกื•ื›ืจืชื™ื™ื, ื•ืืœื• ืฉื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
01:41
who are at risk.
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ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
01:42
The general population doesn't appear to be at great risk.
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ื›ืจื’ืข ืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืกื›ื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
01:45
[What pre-existing medical conditions put people at higher risk?]
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[ืื™ืœื• ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืจืงืข ื•ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืžืขืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ?]
01:50
First of all,
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ืจืืฉื™ืช,
01:51
pulmonary disease existing as a comorbidity is also important.
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืฉื™ืžืชื™ื•ืช, ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืจืงืข ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื”.
01:55
In general, the elderly are at greater risk,
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ื”ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
01:57
especially those over 70,
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืœื• ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 70,
01:59
because their immune systems are not as effective
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ื›ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ืื™ื ื” ื™ืขื™ืœื”
02:02
as they might have once been,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื,
02:04
and they are more susceptible to infections.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื.
02:07
In addition, in some instances in China,
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืŸ,
02:10
there's been a coinfection with influenza
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื“ื‘ืงื• ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉืคืขืช
02:14
and at the same time,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ,
02:15
there have been some bacterial superinfections
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ื ื“ื‘ืงื• ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ื™ื
02:17
on the pneumonias that are occurring.
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื“ืœืงืช ื”ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืคื™ืชื—ื•.
02:19
[Where can we find up-to-date information?]
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[ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืขื“ื›ื ื™?]
02:22
The Center for Disease Control in Atlanta keeps track
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ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื‘ืงืจืช ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื” ืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื”
02:25
and has updates on a regular basis on its website.
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ื•ืžืขืœื” ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืœืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข.
02:29
Also, the World Health Organization in Geneva,
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื‘ื–'ื ื‘ื”,
02:31
which is coordinating many of the activities
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ืฉืžืชืื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื•ืช,
02:34
going on internationally,
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02:35
also has a website with daily updates.
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ื™ืฉ ืืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืžืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื.
02:37
It's our responsibility to get that information as individuals,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ
02:41
so we understand
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื‘ื™ืŸ
02:42
and can make sure that we can contribute in our own way
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ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืจื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœืžืืžืฅ
02:45
to prevention of major spread.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ.
02:48
[You led the global response to the SARS outbreak in 2003.
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[ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืœืžื’ื™ืคืช ื”ืกืืจืก ื‘-2003.
02:50
How does this outbreak compare?]
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ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื•ืช?]
02:52
That's the same problem with all new infections.
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ื–ื• ืื•ืชื” ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
02:54
This is an infection that's coming to humans
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ื–ื” ื ื’ื™ืฃ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื
02:57
who have never been exposed to this virus before.
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ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื—ืฉืคื• ืืœื™ื• ืงื•ื“ื.
03:00
They don't have any antibody protection,
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื ื•ื’ื“ื ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ื•,
03:02
and it's not clear whether their immune system
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ื•ืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ืื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื
03:05
can handle this virus or not.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ ืื• ืœื.
03:07
This is a virus that usually finds itself in bats or in other animals,
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ื–ื” ื ื’ื™ืฃ ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืขื˜ืœืคื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
03:11
and all of a sudden, it's in humans.
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ื•ืคืชืื•ื, ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
03:13
And humans just don't have experience with this virus.
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ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ื–ื”.
03:17
But gradually,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜,
03:18
we are beginning to learn a lot, as we did with SARS.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืขื ื”ืกืืจืก.
03:21
And you know, there are certainly a larger number of deaths
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžืงืจื™ ืžื•ื•ืช
03:24
than there were with SARS.
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ืžืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžื’ื™ืคืช ื”ืกืืจืก.
03:26
But when you divide that by a denominator of persons who are infected,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื,
03:30
there are many, many more persons infected than there were with SARS.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ืžืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืกืืจืก.
03:34
The case fatality ratio,
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ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืชืžื•ืชื”,
03:36
that is the ratio of deaths to the numbers of cases in SARS,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืœื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ืกืืจืก,
03:40
was about 10 percent.
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ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืจืš 10 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
03:42
With the current coronavirus, COVID-19,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™, COVID-19,
03:45
it is two percent or probably less.
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ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืชืžื•ืชื” ื”ื•ื 2 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื, ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืคื—ื•ืช.
03:48
So it's a much less virulent virus,
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ืื– ื–ื” ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืืœื™ื,
03:51
but it's still a virus that causes mortality,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืžื•ื•ืช,
03:53
and that's what we don't want entering human populations.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื›ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
03:56
[Have we responded adequately at border crossings, such as airports?]
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[ื”ืื ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื“ื•ืช ืชืขื•ืคื”, ืžืกืคื™ืงื•ืช?]
04:00
It's clearly understood that airports or any land borders
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื ืฉื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ืชืขื•ืคื” ื•ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื
04:04
cannot prevent a disease from entering.
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืžื—ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”.
04:06
People in the incubation period can cross that border,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ,
04:09
can enter countries
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”
04:11
and can then infect others when they become sick.
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ื•ืื– ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
04:14
So borders are not a means of preventing infections from entering a country
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ืื– ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”
04:20
by checking temperatures.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื“ืช ื—ื•ื.
04:22
Borders are important because you can provide to people arriving
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ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกืคืง ืžื™ื“ืข ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื
04:26
from areas that might be at risk of having had infection,
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ืžืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื ื“ื‘ืงื• ื‘ื ื’ื™ืฃ,
04:29
provide them with an understanding,
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ื•ืœืกืคืง ืœื”ื ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช,
04:31
either a printed understanding or a verbal understanding,
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ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืื• ื‘ืข"ืค
04:34
of what the signs and symptoms are of this infection,
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ,
04:37
and what they should do if they feel that they might be infected.
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ื•ืžื” ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื ื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื ื“ื‘ืงื•.
04:41
[What's the timeline for a vaccine?]
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[ืžืชื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ?]
04:44
Vaccines are under development right now,
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ื™ืฉื ื ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
04:46
there's a lot of research going on.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
04:48
That research requires first that the vaccine be developed,
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ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืคืชื— ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ,
04:52
then that it be studied for safety and effectiveness in animals,
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื• ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื,
04:57
who are challenged with the virus after they are vaccinated,
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ืฉืื•ืชื ืžื“ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื’ื™ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ,
05:00
and then it must go into human studies.
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ื•ืจืง ืื– ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
05:03
The animal studies have not yet begun,
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ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื—ืœื•,
05:05
but will soon begin for certain vaccines.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื—ืœื• ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื.
05:07
And it's thought that by the end of the year,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื” ืื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”,
05:10
or early next year,
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05:11
there may be some candidate vaccines
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื” ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื
05:13
that can then be studied for licensing by regulatory agencies.
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ืฉื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื•ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช.
05:18
So we're talking about at least a year until there's vaccine available
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ืื– ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื–ืžื™ืŸ
05:22
that can be used in many populations.
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ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
05:25
[What questions about the outbreak are still unanswered?]
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[ืœืื™ืœื• ืฉืืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช?]
05:29
It's clear we know how it transmits,
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืื™ืš ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ,
05:31
we don't know how easily it transmits in humans,
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ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื ื• ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืงืœื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื,
05:33
in communities or in unenclosed areas.
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ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืื• ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื.
05:38
We know, for example,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื,
05:39
that in the enclosed area of a cruise ship, it spread very easily.
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ืฉื‘ืžืชื—ื ืกื’ื•ืจ ื›ืžื• ืกืคื™ื ื”, ื”ื ื’ื™ืฃ ืžืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.
05:43
We need to better understand
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:45
how it will spread once it gets into more open areas
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ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื™ืชืคืฉื˜ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:49
where people are exposed to people who might be sick.
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื—ืฉืคื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
05:52
[What about the global response could be improved?]
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[ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืคืจ ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœืžื’ื™ืคื”?]
05:56
A major problem in the world today is that we look at outbreaks
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื,
ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช
06:00
in developing countries
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06:01
as something that we need to go and stop.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ืœื•ื.
06:04
So when there's an outbreak of Ebola,
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ืื– ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื‘ื•ืœื”,
06:06
we think "How can we go and stop this outbreak in the country?"
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื "ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืœื›ืช ื•ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื”ื™ื?"
06:09
We don't think about "How can we help that country
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• "ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช
06:13
strengthen its capacity,
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"ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื”,
06:15
so that it can detect and respond to infections?"
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"ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ืชืื?"
06:18
So we haven't invested enough
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ืื– ืœื ื”ืฉืงืขื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง
06:21
in helping countries develop their core capacity in public health.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืคืชื— ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
06:25
What we've done is invested in many mechanisms globally,
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ื”ืฉืงืขื ื• ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื
06:29
which can provide support to other countries
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื‘ืœืžื• ืžื’ื™ืคื•ืช,
06:32
to go and help stop outbreaks.
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06:34
But we want to see a world where every country
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”
06:36
can do its best to stop its own outbreaks.
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ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืœื‘ืœื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื•ืช ืืฆืœื”.
06:38
[Will we see more emerging disease outbreaks in the future?]
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[ื”ืื ื ืจืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขืชื™ื“?]
06:41
Today, there are over seven billion people.
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ื›ื™ื•ื, ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-7 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื.
06:43
And when those people come into the world,
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”ื ืขื•ื“ ืžื–ื•ืŸ
06:46
they demand more food,
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
06:47
they demand a whole series of things
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ื•ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื”.
06:49
and they live closer together.
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06:50
In fact, we're an urban world, where people live in urban areas.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื.
06:54
And at the same time, we're growing more animals,
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ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื,
06:57
and those animals are contributing food to humans as well.
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ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืžืกืคืงื™ื ื’ื ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื.
07:01
So what we see
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื
07:02
is that that animal-human interface is becoming closer and closer together.
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ืฉื”ืžื’ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื ืขืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื“ื•ืง.
07:07
And this intensive agriculture of animals
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ื•ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื
07:11
and this intensive increase in human populations
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ื•ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื“ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืขื•ืœื,
07:14
living together on the same planet
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07:16
is really a melting pot where outbreaks can occur and do occur.
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ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืชื•ืš ืฉื‘ื• ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคืจืฅ, ื•ื”ืŸ ืื›ืŸ ืžืชืคืจืฆื•ืช.
07:21
We will eventually have more and more of these outbreaks.
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ื™ืคื•ืช ื›ืืœื•.
07:24
So an emerging infection today is just a warning
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืื–ื”ืจื”
07:28
of what will happen in the future.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ืฉืžืฆืคื” ืœื ื• ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
07:30
We have to make sure
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
07:31
that that technical collaboration in the world
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07:34
is there to work together
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ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช
07:36
to make sure that we can understand these outbreaks when they occur
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืงื•ืจื•ืช
07:40
and rapidly provide the information necessary to control them.
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ื•ืžืกืคืงื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ.
07:44
[Is the worst behind us?]
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[ื”ืื ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื ื•?]
07:46
I can't predict with accuracy.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ,
07:48
So all I can say is that we must all be prepared
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื
07:51
for the worst-case scenario.
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ืœืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:52
And at the same time,
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ื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ,
07:54
learn how we can protect ourselves and protect others
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ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื• ื•ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ื
07:57
should we become a part of that epidemic.
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ืื ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื” ืชื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื ื•.
08:00
[To learn more, visit: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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[ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ: ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื‘ืงืจืช ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื•ืœืžื ื™ืขืชืŸ www.cdc.gov/coronavirus
08:03
World Health Organization]
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ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ www.who.int/coronavirus]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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