Before Avatar ... a curious boy | James Cameron

474,683 views ใƒป 2010-03-04

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Jonathan Goldfeld ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ron Bentata
00:15
I grew up on a steady diet of science fiction.
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ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ืขืœ ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ืกื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™.
00:20
In high school, I took a bus to school
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ืœืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก
00:23
an hour each way every day.
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ืฉืขื” ืœื›ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
00:25
And I was always absorbed in a book,
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ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ืกืคืจ,
00:27
science fiction book,
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ืกืคืจ ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™,
00:29
which took my mind to other worlds,
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ืืฉืจ ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืœืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื,
00:32
and satisfied, in a narrative form,
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ื•ืกื™ืคืง, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™,
00:36
this insatiable sense of curiosity that I had.
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ืืช ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืœืื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื™.
00:41
And you know, that curiosity also manifested itself
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื ื ืชื’ืœืชื” ื’ื
00:44
in the fact that whenever I wasn't in school
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ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืกืคืจ
00:47
I was out in the woods,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืขืจ,
00:49
hiking and taking "samples" --
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ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื•ืœื•ืงื— "ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช",
00:53
frogs and snakes and bugs and pond water --
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ืฆืคืจื“ืขื™ื ื•ื ื—ืฉื™ื ื•ื—ืจืงื™ื ื•ืžื™ ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”,
00:55
and bringing it back, looking at it under the microscope.
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ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื—ื–ืจื”, ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืื•ืชื ืชื—ืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืค.
00:58
You know, I was a real science geek.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืžืฉ ื—ื ื•ืŸ ืžื“ืขื™ื.
01:00
But it was all about trying to understand the world,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื,
01:03
understand the limits of possibility.
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจ.
01:07
And my love of science fiction
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ื•ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ ืœืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™
01:11
actually seemed mirrored in the world around me,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืฉืชืงืคื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืื•ืชื™,
01:14
because what was happening, this was in the late '60s,
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-60,
01:16
we were going to the moon,
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืœ ื”ื™ืจื—,
01:19
we were exploring the deep oceans.
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ื—ืงืจื ื• ืืช ืžืขืžืงื™ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื.
01:21
Jacques Cousteau was coming into our living rooms
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ื–'ืืง ืงื•ืกื˜ื• ื ื›ื ืก ืœืกืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•
01:24
with his amazing specials that showed us
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ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ืจืื• ืœื ื•
01:27
animals and places and a wondrous world
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ื‘ืขืœื™-ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืœื ืžื•ืคืœื
01:29
that we could never really have previously imagined.
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ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ, ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ.
01:32
So, that seemed to resonate
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ืื–, ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื–ื” ื”ื“ื”ื“
01:34
with the whole science fiction part of it.
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ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืคืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื–ื”.
01:37
And I was an artist.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืืžืŸ.
01:39
I could draw. I could paint.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืฉืจื˜ื˜. ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ.
01:41
And I found that because there weren't video games
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ื•ื ื•ื›ื—ืชื™ ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘
01:44
and this saturation of CG movies and all of this
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ื•ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ื™ ืื ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื›ืœ
01:48
imagery in the media landscape,
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืชื™,
01:51
I had to create these images in my head.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™.
01:53
You know, we all did, as kids having to
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื–ืืช, ื›ืžื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื
01:55
read a book, and through the author's description,
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ืœืงืจื•ื ืกืคืจ, ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ
01:58
put something on the movie screen in our heads.
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ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ืžืกืš ื”ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ืฉื‘ืจืืฉื ื•.
02:02
And so, my response to this was to paint, to draw
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ื•ื›ืš, ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืœื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ, ืœืฉืจื˜ื˜
02:05
alien creatures, alien worlds,
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ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื–ืจื™ื, ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื–ืจื™ื,
02:07
robots, spaceships, all that stuff.
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ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื, ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช-ื—ืœืœ, ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
02:09
I was endlessly getting busted in math class
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ื ืชืคืกืชื™ ืื™ื ืกืคื•ืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”
02:12
doodling behind the textbook.
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ืžืฉืจื‘ื˜ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืกืคืจ-ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“.
02:15
That was -- the creativity
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช
02:18
had to find its outlet somehow.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•.
02:22
And an interesting thing happened: The Jacques Cousteau shows
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื”, ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–'ืืง ืงื•ืกื˜ื•
02:25
actually got me very excited about the fact that there was
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ืจื™ื’ืฉื• ืื•ืชื™ ืžืžืฉ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื”
02:28
an alien world right here on Earth.
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ืขื•ืœื ื–ืจ ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ.
02:30
I might not really go to an alien world
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืื’ื™ืข ืœืขื•ืœื ื–ืจ
02:33
on a spaceship someday --
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ื‘ืกืคื™ื ืช ื—ืœืœ, ืžืชื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
02:35
that seemed pretty darn unlikely.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื˜ืœ ื‘ืกืคืง ืจื‘.
02:38
But that was a world I could really go to,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข,
02:40
right here on Earth, that was as rich and exotic
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื™ืจ ื•ืืงื–ื•ื˜ื™
02:42
as anything that I had imagined
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื“ืžื™ื™ื ืชื™
02:45
from reading these books.
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ืžืงืจื™ืืช ืกืคืจื™ื ืืœื”.
02:47
So, I decided I was going to become a scuba diver
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ืื–, ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืœืœืŸ
02:49
at the age of 15.
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 15.
02:51
And the only problem with that was that I lived
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ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืขื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื’ืจืชื™
02:53
in a little village in Canada,
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ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืงื ื“ื”,
02:55
600 miles from the nearest ocean.
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600 ืžื™ื™ืœ ืžื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:58
But I didn't let that daunt me.
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ืืš ืœื ื ืชืชื™ ืœื–ื” ืœื”ืจืชื™ืข ืื•ืชื™.
03:00
I pestered my father until he finally found
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ื”ืฆืงืชื™ ืœืื‘ื™ ืขื“ ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื
03:03
a scuba class in Buffalo, New York,
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ื—ื•ื’ ืฆืœื™ืœื” ื‘ื‘ืืคืœื•, ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง,
03:05
right across the border from where we live.
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ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืžืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•.
03:07
And I actually got certified
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื›ืฉืจืชื™
03:10
in a pool at a YMCA in the dead of winter
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ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ื™ืžืง"ื (ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื) ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ
03:12
in Buffalo, New York.
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ื‘ื‘ืืคืœื•, ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง.
03:14
And I didn't see the ocean, a real ocean,
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ื•ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก, ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืืžื™ืชื™,
03:17
for another two years,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช,
03:19
until we moved to California.
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ืขื“ ืฉืขื‘ืจื ื• ืœืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”.
03:21
Since then, in the intervening
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ืžืื–, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืขื‘ืจื•
03:24
40 years,
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40 ืฉื ื”,
03:26
I've spent about 3,000 hours underwater,
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ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื›-3,000 ืฉืขื•ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ื,
03:30
and 500 hours of that was in submersibles.
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ื•-500 ืฉืขื•ืช ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช.
03:33
And I've learned that that deep-ocean environment,
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ื•ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืžืงื™ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก,
03:36
and even the shallow oceans,
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ื•ืืฃ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ื”ืจื“ื•ื“ื™ื,
03:38
are so rich with amazing life
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ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช-ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช
03:42
that really is beyond our imagination.
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ืฉื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื“ืžื™ื•ื ื ื•.
03:45
Nature's imagination is so boundless
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ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื—ืกืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช
03:49
compared to our own
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ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”
03:51
meager human imagination.
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ืœื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื–ืขื•ื ืฉืœื ื•.
03:53
I still, to this day, stand in absolute awe
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืขื“ ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืื” ืœื ื•ื›ื—
03:55
of what I see when I make these dives.
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืฆืœื™ืœื•ืช ืืœื”.
03:58
And my love affair with the ocean is ongoing,
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ื•ืจื•ืžืŸ ื”ืื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืขื ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืžืžืฉื™ืš,
04:01
and just as strong as it ever was.
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ื•ื—ื–ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“.
04:03
But when I chose a career as an adult,
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ืื‘ืœ, ื›ืฉื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ืงืจื™ื™ืจื”, ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ,
04:06
it was filmmaking.
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ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืกืจื˜ื™ื.
04:09
And that seemed to be the best way to reconcile
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ื•ื–ื• ื ืจืืชื” ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘
04:12
this urge I had to tell stories
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ืืช ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื,
04:14
with my urges to create images.
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ืขื ื”ื“ื—ืคื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช.
04:18
And I was, as a kid, constantly drawing comic books, and so on.
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ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื™ืœื“ ืชืžื™ื“ ืฆื™ื™ืจืชื™ ืกืคืจื™ ืงื•ืžื™ืงืก, ื•ื›ื•'.
04:21
So, filmmaking was the way to put pictures and stories
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ืื–, ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืฉืœื‘ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
04:23
together, and that made sense.
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ื‘ื™ื—ื“. ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™.
04:25
And of course the stories that I chose to tell
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ืœืกืคืจ
04:28
were science fiction stories: "Terminator," "Aliens"
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ื”ื™ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™" "ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืงื˜ืœื ื™ืช", "ื”ื ื•ืกืข ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™",
04:30
and "The Abyss."
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ื•-"ืžืฆื•ืœื•ืช".
04:32
And with "The Abyss," I was putting together my love
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ื•ืขื ื”ืกืจื˜ "ืžืฆื•ืœื•ืช", ืฉื™ืœื‘ืชื™ ืืช ืื”ื‘ืชื™
04:35
of underwater and diving with filmmaking.
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ืœืžืขืžืงื™ ื”ื™ื ื•ืฆืœื™ืœื”, ืขื ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืกืจื˜ื™ื.
04:37
So, you know, merging the two passions.
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ืื–, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
04:40
Something interesting came out of "The Abyss,"
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื ืž-"ืžืฆื•ืœื•ืช",
04:44
which was that to solve a specific narrative
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ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื™ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช
04:47
problem on that film,
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ื‘ืกืจื˜ ื”ื”ื•ื,
04:50
which was to create this kind of liquid water creature,
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื™ื ื ื•ื–ืœื™,
04:54
we actually embraced computer generated animation, CG.
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ืžืžืฉ ืื™ืžืฆื ื• ืืช ื”ืื ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช.
05:00
And this resulted in the first soft-surface
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ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ืจื›ืช-ื”ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
05:05
character, CG animation
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ื‘ืื ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช
05:08
that was ever in a movie.
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ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืกืจื˜.
05:10
And even though the film didn't make any money --
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ื•ืืฃ ื›ื™ ื”ืกืจื˜ ืœื ื”ื ื™ื‘ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื,
05:12
barely broke even, I should say --
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ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”, ืขืœื™ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ,
05:15
I witnessed something amazing, which is that the audience,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื“ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืžื“ื”ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืงื”ืœ,
05:17
the global audience, was mesmerized
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ื”ืงื”ืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™, ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ื•ืคื ื˜
05:19
by this apparent magic.
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ืข"ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืงืกื.
05:21
You know, it's Arthur Clarke's law
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื–ื”ื• ื”ื—ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืืจืชื•ืจ ืงืœืืจืง
05:23
that any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.
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ืฉื›ืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ืžืงืกื.
05:27
They were seeing something magical.
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ื”ื ืฆืคื• ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืงืกื•ื.
05:30
And so that got me very excited.
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ื•ื–ื” ืจื™ื’ืฉ ืื•ืชื™ ืขื“ ืžืื•ื“.
05:33
And I thought, "Wow, this is something that needs to be embraced
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, "ื•ื•ืื•, ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืืžืฅ ืื•ืชื•
05:35
into the cinematic art."
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ืœืชื•ืš ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข".
05:37
So, with "Terminator 2," which was my next film,
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ื›ืš, ืขื "ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืงื˜ืœื ื™ืช 2", ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœื™,
05:39
we took that much farther.
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ืœืงื—ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื—ื•ืง.
05:41
Working with ILM, we created the liquid metal dude
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ILM, ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืืช ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืžืชื›ืช ื”ื ื•ื–ืœื™ืช
05:44
in that film. The success hung in the balance
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ื‘ืกืจื˜ ื”ื”ื•ื. ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืœื•ื™ื”
05:46
on whether that effect would work.
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ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืคืงื˜.
05:48
And it did, and we created magic again,
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื‘ื“. ื•ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืงืกื ืฉื•ื‘.
05:50
and we had the same result with an audience --
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ืื•ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืขื ื”ืงื”ืœ.
05:52
although we did make a little more money on that one.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืกืฃ ืขื ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื”ื•ื.
05:54
So, drawing a line through those two dots
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ืื–, ืžืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืงื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
05:59
of experience
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ืฉืœ ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ,
06:02
came to, "This is going to be a whole new world,"
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ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืžืชืขืชื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ,
06:04
this was a whole new world of creativity
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืœื ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช
06:06
for film artists.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื ื™ ืกืจื˜ื™ื.
06:09
So, I started a company with Stan Winston,
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ืื–, ื”ืงืžืชื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขื ืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื™ื ืกื˜ื•ืŸ,
06:11
my good friend Stan Winston,
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ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื™ื ืกื˜ื•ืŸ,
06:13
who is the premier make-up and creature designer
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืขืฆื‘ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™
06:17
at that time, and it was called Digital Domain.
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ื‘ื–ืžื ื•, ื•ืงืจืื• ืœื” (ืœื—ื‘ืจื”) "ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœ ื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ".
06:20
And the concept of the company was
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ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื”
06:22
that we would leapfrog past
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ืฉื ื–ื ืง ืžืขื‘ืจ
06:25
the analog processes of optical printers and so on,
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ืœืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืื ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ืคืกื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ื•',
06:28
and we would go right to digital production.
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ื•ื ืœืš ื”ื™ื™ืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™.
06:30
And we actually did that and it gave us a competitive advantage for a while.
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ื•ืžืžืฉ ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ื•ื–ื” ื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื ื• ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ ืœื–ืžืŸ ืžื”.
06:34
But we found ourselves lagging in the mid '90s
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ืืš ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืžืื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-90
06:37
in the creature and character design stuff
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ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื•ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช
06:40
that we had actually founded the company to do.
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืžื˜ืจื” ื–ื• ื”ืงืžื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
06:43
So, I wrote this piece called "Avatar,"
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ืื–, ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื "ืื•ื•ื˜ืจ",
06:45
which was meant to absolutely push the envelope
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ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช
06:49
of visual effects,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื ื”ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื™ื,
06:51
of CG effects, beyond,
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ืฉืœ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื
06:53
with realistic human emotive characters
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ืขื ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™
06:57
generated in CG,
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ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ืื ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช,
06:59
and the main characters would all be in CG,
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ื•ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื‘ืื ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช
07:01
and the world would be in CG.
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ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช
07:03
And the envelope pushed back,
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ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื™ืคืจืฆื•.
07:05
and I was told by the folks at my company
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ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืข"ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื™
07:10
that we weren't going to be able to do this for a while.
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ืฉืœื ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”.
07:12
So, I shelved it, and I made this other movie about a big ship that sinks.
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ืื–, ื“ื—ืคืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืžื’ื™ืจื”, ื•ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืื™ื–ื” ืกืจื˜ ืื—ืจ ืขืœ ืกืคื™ื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืฉื•ืงืขืช.
07:16
(Laughter)
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( ืฆื—ื•ืง )
07:19
You know, I went and pitched it to the studio as "'Romeo and Juliet' on a ship:
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื•ืžื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืื•ืœืคื ื™ื ื›-"ืจื•ืžื™ืื• ื•ื™ื•ืœื™ื” ืขืœ ืกืคื™ื ื”".
07:22
"It's going to be this epic romance,
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืžืŸ ืืคื™,
07:24
passionate film."
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ืกืจื˜ ืžืœื ื‘ืชืฉื•ืงื”.
07:26
Secretly, what I wanted to do was
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ื‘ืœื‘ื™, ืžื” ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื”
07:28
I wanted to dive to the real wreck of "Titanic."
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ืœืฆืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ "ื˜ื™ื˜ืื ื™ืง".
07:31
And that's why I made the movie.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜.
07:33
(Applause)
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( ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื )
07:37
And that's the truth. Now, the studio didn't know that.
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ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืืžืช. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืื•ืœืคื ื™ื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืืช ื–ื”.
07:39
But I convinced them. I said,
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ืืš ืื ื™ ืฉื›ื ืขืชื™ ืื•ืชื. ืืžืจืชื™,
07:41
"We're going to dive to the wreck. We're going to film it for real.
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"ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฆืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื™ืกื•ืช. ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฆืœื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
07:43
We'll be using it in the opening of the film.
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ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืจื˜.
07:46
It will be really important. It will be a great marketing hook."
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘. ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™ ืžืขื•ืœื”".
07:48
And I talked them into funding an expedition.
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ื•ืฉื›ื ืขืชื™ ืื•ืชื ืœืžืžืŸ ืžืฉืœื—ืช.
07:50
(Laughter)
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( ืฆื—ื•ืง )
07:52
Sounds crazy. But this goes back to that theme
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ื ืฉืžืข ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ. ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื ื•ืฉื
07:54
about your imagination creating a reality.
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ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
07:57
Because we actually created a reality where six months later,
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ื›ื™ ืžืžืฉ ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
07:59
I find myself in a Russian submersible
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืœืœืช ืจื•ืกื™ืช
08:01
two and a half miles down in the north Atlantic,
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ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™,
08:04
looking at the real Titanic through a view port.
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ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ื˜ื™ื˜ืื ื™ืง ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื“ืจืš ืืฉื ื‘ ืฆืคื™ื™ื”,
08:06
Not a movie, not HD -- for real.
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ืœื ืกืจื˜, ืœื ืื™ื™ืฅ'-ื“ื™, ืืœื ื‘ืืžืช.
08:09
(Applause)
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( ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื )
08:12
Now, that blew my mind.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ื”ื“ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื™.
08:14
And it took a lot of preparation, we had to build cameras
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื›ื ื” ืจื‘ื”, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช
08:16
and lights and all kinds of things.
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ื•ืคื ืกื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
08:18
But, it struck me how much
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ืืš, ืขืœื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื™ ื›ืžื”
08:20
this dive, these deep dives,
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ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช, ืฆืœื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืืœื•
08:22
was like a space mission.
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ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื• ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ื—ืœืœ.
08:24
You know, where it was highly technical,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื˜ื›ื ื™,
08:26
and it required enormous planning.
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ื•ื–ื” ืฆืจืš ื›ืžื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ.
08:28
You get in this capsule, you go down to this dark
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ืืชื” ื ื›ื ืก ืœื›ื–ื” ืชื, ืืชื” ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื›ื–ืืช
08:30
hostile environment
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ื—ืฉื•ื›ื” ื•ืขื•ื™ื™ื ืช
08:33
where there is no hope of rescue
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืฆืœื”
08:35
if you can't get back by yourself.
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ืื ืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืš.
08:37
And I thought like, "Wow. I'm like,
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ื•ื›ื–ื” ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, "ื•ื•ืื•. ืื ื™ ื›ืื™ืœื•
08:39
living in a science fiction movie.
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ื—ื™ ื‘ืกืจื˜ ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™.
08:41
This is really cool."
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ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘".
08:43
And so, I really got bitten by the bug of deep-ocean exploration.
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ื•ื›ืš, ืžืžืฉ ื ื“ื‘ืงืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืžืขืžืงื™ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก.
08:46
Of course, the curiosity, the science component of it --
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืช, ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ืขื™ ืฉื‘ื–ื”.
08:49
it was everything. It was adventure,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ืœ. ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืจืคืชืงืื”,
08:51
it was curiosity, it was imagination.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืกืงืจื ื•ืช. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ.
08:53
And it was an experience that
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ
08:56
Hollywood couldn't give me.
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ืฉื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“ ืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœืชืช ืœื™.
08:58
Because, you know, I could imagine a creature and we could
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ื›ื™, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื•
09:00
create a visual effect for it. But I couldn't imagine what I was seeing
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืคืงื˜ ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื•. ืืš ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ืชื™
09:02
out that window.
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ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื.
09:04
As we did some of our subsequent expeditions,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฆืื ื• ืœื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžืกืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
09:07
I was seeing creatures at hydrothermal vents
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ืงื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ืชืจืžื™ื™ื
09:09
and sometimes things that I had never seen before,
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™,
09:13
sometimes things that no one had seen before,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืฉ ืœื ืจืื” ืžืขื•ืœื,
09:15
that actually were not described by science
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ืชื•ืืจื• ืข"ื™ ื”ืžื“ืข
09:17
at the time that we saw them and imaged them.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช ื‘ื” ืจืื™ื ื• ื•ืฉื™ืงืคื ื• ืื•ืชื.
09:20
So, I was completely smitten by this,
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ืื–, ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื ื“ื”ืžืชื™ ืžื–ื”,
09:23
and had to do more.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:25
And so, I actually made a kind of curious decision.
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ื•ื›ืš, ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžืชื•ืš ืกืงืจื ื•ืช.
09:27
After the success of "Titanic,"
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ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœ "ื˜ื™ื˜ืื ื™ืง",
09:29
I said, "OK, I'm going to park my day job
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ืืžืจืชื™, "ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืฉื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืกื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™
09:32
as a Hollywood movie maker,
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ื›ื‘ืžืื™ ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“ื™,
09:34
and I'm going to go be a full-time explorer for a while."
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืงืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ืžื”".
09:38
And so, we started planning these
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ื•ื›ืš, ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช
09:40
expeditions.
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ื”ืžืกืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
09:42
And we wound up going to the Bismark,
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ื•ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืกืžืืจืง,
09:44
and exploring it with robotic vehicles.
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ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืขื ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื.
09:48
We went back to the Titanic wreck.
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ื—ื–ืจื ื• ืœื”ืจื™ืกื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ื˜ืื ื™ืง.
09:50
We took little bots that we had created
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ืœืงื—ื ื• ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืจื ื•
09:52
that spooled a fiber optic.
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ืืฉืจ ื›ืจื›ื• ืกื™ื‘ ืื•ืคื˜ื™.
09:54
And the idea was to go in and do an interior
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืคื ื™ืžื” ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกืงื™ืจื”
09:56
survey of that ship, which had never been done.
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ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ื”ื”ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืขืฉื”.
10:00
Nobody had ever looked inside the wreck. They didn't have the means to do it,
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ืื™ืฉ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื”ืจื™ืกื•ืช. ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœืื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืœื›ืš.
10:02
so we created technology to do it.
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ืื– ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
10:05
So, you know, here I am now, on the deck
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ืื–, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ื ื” ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ
10:07
of Titanic, sitting in a submersible,
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ื”ื˜ื™ื˜ืื ื™ืง, ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืœืœืช,
10:10
and looking out at planks that look much like this,
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ื•ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืงืจืฉื™ื ืฉื ืจืื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื›ืžื• ื–ื”,
10:13
where I knew that the band had played.
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื ื™ื’ื ื” ื”ืœื”ืงื”.
10:16
And I'm flying a little robotic vehicle
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื ื—ื” ืจื›ื‘ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ ืงื˜ืŸ
10:18
through the corridor of the ship.
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ื“ืจืš ืžืกื“ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื”.
10:21
When I say, "I'm operating it,"
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ, ืื ื™ ืžืชืคืขืœ ืื•ืชื•,
10:24
but my mind is in the vehicle.
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ืืš ืžื•ื—ื™ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจื›ื‘.
10:27
I felt like I was physically present
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ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ื•ื›ื— ืคื™ื–ื™ืช
10:29
inside the shipwreck of Titanic.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจื™ืกื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ื˜ืื ื™ืง.
10:31
And it was the most surreal kind
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื” ื–'ื” ื•ื• ื”ืกื•ืจื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™
10:33
of deja vu experience I've ever had,
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ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืื™ ืคืขื,
10:35
because I would know before I turned a corner
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขืชื™ ืคื ื™ื™ื”
10:39
what was going to be there before the lights
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ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื•ืจื•ืช
10:41
of the vehicle actually revealed it,
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ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื—ืฉืคื• ืืช ื–ื”,
10:43
because I had walked the set for months
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื‘ืกื˜ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
10:45
when we were making the movie.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜.
10:48
And the set was based as an exact replica
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ื•ื”ืกื˜ ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื›ื”ืขืชืง ืžื“ื•ื™ืง
10:50
on the blueprints of the ship.
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ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืกืคื™ื ื”.
10:52
So, it was this absolutely remarkable experience.
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ืื–, ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ื–ื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื—ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
10:55
And it really made me realize that
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื’ืจื ืœื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
10:57
the telepresence experience --
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ืฉื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ื”ื™ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ืง
10:59
that you actually can have these robotic avatars,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืš ืžืžืฉ ื›ืืœื” ืื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื,
11:01
then your consciousness is injected into the vehicle,
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ื•ืื– ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืžื•ื–ืจืงืช ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืจื›ื‘,
11:06
into this other form of existence.
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ืœืชื•ืš ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืื—ืจืช.
11:08
It was really, really quite profound.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ืขืžื•ืง.
11:10
And it may be a little bit of a glimpse as to what might be happening
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืฆืฆื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืœืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช
11:13
some decades out
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ื›ืžื” ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“
11:15
as we start to have cyborg bodies
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ื›ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืกื™ื™ื‘ื•ืจื’ื™ื™ื
11:18
for exploration or for other means
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ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืื• ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช
11:20
in many sort of
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ื‘ื›ืœ-ืžื™ื ื™
11:22
post-human futures
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ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืคื•ืกื˜-ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื
11:24
that I can imagine,
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ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ,
11:26
as a science fiction fan.
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ื›ืื•ื”ื“ ืžื“ืข-ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™.
11:28
So, having done these expeditions,
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ืื–, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืกืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
11:33
and really beginning to appreciate what was down there,
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ืœืžื˜ื”,
11:37
such as at the deep ocean vents
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ื›ืžื• ื ืงื‘ื™ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืขืžื•ืงื™ื
11:40
where we had these amazing, amazing animals --
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœื™-ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
11:43
they're basically aliens right here on Earth.
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ื”ื ื‘ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื–ืจื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืคื” ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
11:45
They live in an environment of chemosynthesis.
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ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืžื•ืกื™ื ืชื–ื”.
11:48
They don't survive on sunlight-based
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ื”ื ืœื ืฉื•ืจื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืขืจื›ืช
11:50
system the way we do.
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ื”ืžืชื‘ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ, ื›ืžื•ื ื•.
11:52
And so, you're seeing animals that are living next to
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ื•ื›ืš, ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืขืœื™-ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืœื™ื“
11:54
a 500-degree-Centigrade
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ื–ืจืžื™ ืžื™ื ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ
11:56
water plumes.
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500 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก.
11:58
You think they can't possibly exist.
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ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
12:00
At the same time
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช
12:02
I was getting very interested in space science as well --
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ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืชื™ ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื—ืœืœ,
12:05
again, it's the science fiction influence, as a kid.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื–ื• ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ืข-ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™, ื›ื™ืœื“.
12:08
And I wound up getting involved with
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ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืžืขื•ืจื‘
12:10
the space community,
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ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ื—ืœืœ,
12:12
really involved with NASA,
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ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ืขื ื ืืก"ื,
12:14
sitting on the NASA advisory board,
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ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ื ืืก"ื,
12:17
planning actual space missions,
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ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื—ืœืœ ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช,
12:19
going to Russia, going through the pre-cosmonaut
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ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืจื•ืกื™ื”, ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื
12:21
biomedical protocols,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืกืžื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื,
12:23
and all these sorts of things,
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”,
12:25
to actually go and fly to the international space station
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ืžืžืฉ ืœื˜ื•ืก ืœืชื—ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช
12:27
with our 3D camera systems.
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ืขื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื”ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
12:29
And this was fascinating.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืจืชืง.
12:31
But what I wound up doing was bringing space scientists
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืžื“ืขื ื™ ื”ื—ืœืœ
12:33
with us into the deep.
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ืื™ืชื ื• ืœืžืขืžืงื™ื.
12:36
And taking them down so that they had access --
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ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ืš ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื”
12:39
astrobiologists, planetary scientists,
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ืืกื˜ืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื, ืžื“ืขื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ,
12:42
people who were interested in these extreme environments --
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
12:45
taking them down to the vents, and letting them see,
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ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื ืœืžื˜ื” ืœื ืงื‘ื™ื, ื•ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ืœืจืื•ืช,
12:48
and take samples and test instruments, and so on.
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ื•ืœืงื—ืช ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.
12:50
So, here we were making documentary films,
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ืื–, ื”ื ื” ืขืกืงื ื• ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืชื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื™ื,
12:52
but actually doing science,
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ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขืกืงื ื• ื‘ืžื“ืข,
12:54
and actually doing space science.
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขืกืงื ื• ื‘ืžื“ืข ื”ื—ืœืœ.
12:56
I'd completely closed the loop
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ืกื’ืจืชื™ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืช ื”ืžืขื’ืœ
12:58
between being the science fiction fan,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื•ื”ื“ ืžื“ืข-ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™,
13:00
you know, as a kid,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื™ืœื“,
13:02
and doing this stuff for real.
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ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
13:04
And you know, along the way in this journey
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืžืกืข ื”ื–ื”
13:07
of discovery,
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ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™,
13:09
I learned a lot.
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“.
13:11
I learned a lot about science. But I also learned a lot
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื“ืข. ืืš, ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื
13:13
about leadership.
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ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช.
13:16
Now you think director has got to be a leader,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’,
13:18
leader of, captain of the ship, and all that sort of thing.
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ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืฉืœ, ืงื‘ืจื ื™ื˜ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
13:20
I didn't really learn about leadership
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ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช
13:22
until I did these expeditions.
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ืขื“ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืกืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
13:25
Because I had to, at a certain point, say,
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘, ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ืœื•ืžืจ,
13:28
"What am I doing out here?
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"ืžื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ?
13:30
Why am I doing this? What do I get out of it?"
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”? ืžื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื™ ืžื–ื”?"
13:33
We don't make money at these damn shows.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืืจื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
13:36
We barely break even. There is no fame in it.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืชื”ื™ืœื”.
13:38
People sort of think I went away
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื ืขืœืžืชื™
13:40
between "Titanic" and "Avatar" and was buffing my nails
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ื‘ื™ืŸ "ื˜ื™ื˜ืื ื™ืง" ื•-"ืื•ื•ื˜ืจ" ื•ืฉื”ื‘ืจืงืชื™ ืืช ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื™
13:42
someplace, sitting at the beach.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื•, ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ.
13:44
Made all these films, made all these documentary films
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ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื›ืœ ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืชื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
13:47
for a very limited audience.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื”ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื.
13:49
No fame, no glory, no money. What are you doing?
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ืœืœื ืชื”ื™ืœื”, ืœืœื ื–ื•ื”ืจ, ืœืœื ื›ืกืฃ. ืžื” ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื”?
13:52
You're doing it for the task itself,
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ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืขืฆืžื”,
13:54
for the challenge --
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืชื’ืจ --
13:56
and the ocean is the most challenging environment there is --
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ื•ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžืืชื’ืจืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืฉ,
13:59
for the thrill of discovery,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื™ื’ื•ืฉ ืฉื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™,
14:02
and for that strange bond that happens
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ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืžื•ื–ืจ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ
14:05
when a small group of people form a tightly knit team.
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ื›ืฉืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืœื•ื›ื“.
14:08
Because we would do these things with 10, 12 people,
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขื 10-12 ืื ืฉื™ื
14:11
working for years at a time,
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ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื.
14:13
sometimes at sea for two, three months at a time.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื 2-3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื.
14:17
And in that bond, you realize
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ื•ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ
14:20
that the most important thing
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ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
14:22
is the respect that you have for them
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ื—ืฉ ืœื”ื
14:24
and that they have for you, that you've done a task
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ื•ืฉื”ื ืจื•ื—ืฉื™ื ืœืš, ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขืช ืžืฉื™ืžื”
14:27
that you can't explain to someone else.
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ืฉืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
14:29
When you come back to the shore and you say,
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื•ืื•ืžืจ,
14:31
"We had to do this, and the fiber optic, and the attentuation,
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"ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืš, ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™, ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืŸ,
14:33
and the this and the that,
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ื•ื”ื–ื” ื•ื”ื”ื•ื,
14:35
all the technology of it, and the difficulty,
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ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื”, ื•ื”ืงื•ืฉื™,
14:37
the human-performance aspects of working at sea,"
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ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื,
14:40
you can't explain it to people. It's that thing that
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ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื–ืืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื. ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”
14:42
maybe cops have, or people in combat that have gone through something together
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื, ืื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืฉื—ื•ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื—ื“
14:46
and they know they can never explain it.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื”.
14:48
Creates a bond, creates a bond of respect.
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืงืฉืจ, ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“.
14:50
So, when I came back to make my next movie,
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ืื–, ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœื™,
14:52
which was "Avatar,"
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ืฉื”ื™ื” "ืื•ื•ื˜ืจ",
14:55
I tried to apply that same principle of leadership,
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ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช
14:58
which is that you respect your team,
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ืฉืืชื” ืžื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœืš,
15:00
and you earn their respect in return.
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ื•ืืชื” ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื”.
15:02
And it really changed the dynamic.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื”.
15:04
So, here I was again with a small team,
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ืื–, ื”ื ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืช ืงื˜ืŸ,
15:07
in uncharted territory,
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ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœื ื ื•ื“ืขืช
15:09
doing "Avatar," coming up with new technology
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ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช "ืื•ื•ื˜ืจ", ืžืžืฆื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
15:11
that didn't exist before.
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ืฉืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ.
15:13
Tremendously exciting.
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ืžืจื’ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
15:15
Tremendously challenging.
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ืžืืชื’ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
15:17
And we became a family, over a four-and-half year period.
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ื•ื”ืคื›ื ื• ืœืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™.
15:19
And it completely changed how I do movies.
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ื•ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืกืจื˜ื™ื.
15:22
So, people have commented on how, "Well, you know,
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ืื–, ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ืš, ื˜ื•ื‘, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
15:24
you brought back the ocean organisms
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ื”ื‘ืืช ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก
15:27
and put them on the planet of Pandora."
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ื•ืฉืžืช ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ืคื ื“ื•ืจื”.
15:29
To me, it was more of a fundamental way of doing business,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ืจืš ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื,
15:31
the process itself, that changed as a result of that.
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ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืขืฆืžื•, ืฉื”ืฉืชื ื” ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš.
15:35
So, what can we synthesize out of all this?
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ืื–, ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื–ื”?
15:37
You know, what are the lessons learned?
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืžื”ื ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ืœืžื“ื•?
15:40
Well, I think number one is
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ื•ื
15:42
curiosity.
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ืกืงืจื ื•ืช.
15:44
It's the most powerful thing you own.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชืš.
15:47
Imagination is a force
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ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ื—
15:50
that can actually manifest a reality.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืžืฉ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
15:54
And the respect of your team
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ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœืš
15:58
is more important than all the
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ
16:00
laurels in the world.
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ื–ืจื™ ื”ื“ืคื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
16:03
I have young filmmakers
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ื™ืฉื ื ื‘ืžืื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื
16:05
come up to me and say, "Give me some advice for doing this."
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ื‘ืื™ื ืืœื™ ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืขืฆื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช".
16:09
And I say, "Don't put limitations on yourself.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ, "ืืœ ืชื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš.
16:13
Other people will do that for you -- don't do it to yourself,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ืขื‘ื•ืจืš, ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ืœืขืฆืžืš,
16:15
don't bet against yourself,
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ืืœ ืชื”ืžืจ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืขืฆืžืš.
16:17
and take risks."
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ื•ืงื— ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื".
16:19
NASA has this phrase that they like:
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ืœื ืืก"ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื:
16:22
"Failure is not an option."
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"ื”ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช".
16:24
But failure has to be an option
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช
16:27
in art and in exploration, because it's a leap of faith.
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ื‘ืืžื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ, ื›ื™ ื–ื• ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืžืชื•ืš ืืžื•ื ื”.
16:30
And no important endeavor
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืืžืฅ ื—ืฉื•ื‘
16:32
that required innovation
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ืฉื“ืจืฉ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ
16:34
was done without risk.
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ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืœืœื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
16:36
You have to be willing to take those risks.
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ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
16:39
So, that's the thought I would leave you with,
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ืื–, ื–ื• ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืืฉืจ ืื™ืชื” ืื ื™ ืืฉืื™ืจ ืืชื›ื,
16:41
is that in whatever you're doing,
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ืฉื‘ืžื” ืฉืœื ืชืขืฉื•,
16:44
failure is an option,
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ื”ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช,
16:47
but fear is not. Thank you.
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ืืš ืœื ื”ืคื—ื“. ืชื•ื“ื”.
16:50
(Applause)
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( ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื )
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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