This is what it's like to go undercover in North Korea | Suki Kim

3,657,628 views ใƒป 2015-06-08

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Nechama Hecht ืžื‘ืงืจ: Zeeva Livshitz
00:12
In 2011, during the final six months of Kim Jong-Il's life,
0
12555
5664
ื‘-2011, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืฉืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืงื™ื ื’ืณื•ื ื’ ืื™ืœ,
00:19
I lived undercover in North Korea.
1
19029
3170
ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืกื•ื•ืื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจื™ืื”.
00:23
I was born and raised in South Korea, their enemy.
2
23791
3468
ื ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ื•ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืงื•ืจื™ืื”, ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ืฉืœื”ื.
00:28
I live in America, their other enemy.
3
28035
2716
ืื ื™ ื’ืจื” ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ื”ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื”ื.
00:32
Since 2002, I had visited North Korea a few times.
4
32369
3698
ืžืื– 2002, ื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจื™ืื” ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื.
00:36
And I had come to realize that to write about it with any meaning,
5
36942
4843
ื•ื ื•ื›ื—ืชื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื” ืขื ืื™ื–ื•ืฉื”ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช,
00:42
or to understand the place beyond the regime's propaganda,
6
42339
4278
ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืคืจื•ืคื’ื ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจ,
00:47
the only option was total immersion.
7
47411
3941
ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืžื–ื’ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช.
00:54
So I posed as a teacher and a missionary
8
54109
4251
ืื– ื”ืฆื’ืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื›ืžื•ืจื” ื•ื›ืžื™ืกื™ื•ื ืจื™ืช
00:58
at an all-male university in Pyongyang.
9
58360
3788
ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ืคื™ื•ื ื’ื™ืื ื’.
01:06
The Pyongyang University of Science and Technology
10
66239
3762
ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืœืžื“ืข ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืคื™ื•ื ื’ื™ืื ื’
01:10
was founded by Evangelical Christians who cooperate with the regime
11
70001
5933
ื”ื•ืงืžื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื™ื ืื•ื ื’ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจ
01:15
to educate the sons of the North Korean elite,
12
75958
4470
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื ืš ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจื™ืื”,
01:21
without proselytizing, which is a capital crime there.
13
81212
3888
ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื ืœืขื‘ื™ืจื”.
01:27
The students were 270 young men, expected to be the future leaders
14
87196
6701
ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• 270 ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ืฉื™ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื
01:33
of the most isolated and brutal dictatorship in existence.
15
93921
5043
ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช ื•ื”ื‘ืจื•ื˜ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ื.
01:40
When I arrived, they became my students.
16
100689
4262
ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™, ื”ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™.
01:47
2011 was a special year,
17
107336
2282
2011 ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช,
01:49
marking the 100th anniversary of the birth of North Korea's original Great Leader,
18
109642
6241
ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ื” ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื• ื”-100 ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจื™ืื”,
01:55
Kim Il-Sung.
19
115908
1458
ืงื™ื ืื™ืœ ืกื•ื ื’.
01:57
To celebrate the occasion, the regime shut down all universities,
20
117869
5492
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื’ื•ื’ ืืช ื”ืžืื•ืจืข, ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจ ืกื’ืจ ืืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช,
02:03
and sent students off to the fields
21
123385
2810
ื•ืฉืœื— ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื
02:06
to build the DPRK's much-heralded ideal
22
126220
4133
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื“ืžื™ืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ื”ืขืžืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ืจื™ืื”
02:10
as the world's most powerful and prosperous nation.
23
130378
3641
ื›ืื•ืžื” ื”ืžืฉื’ืฉื’ืช ื•ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
02:16
My students were the only ones spared from that fate.
24
136958
2897
ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื• ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื ื—ืกืš ืžื”ื ื’ื•ืจืœ ื–ื”.
02:21
North Korea is a gulag posing as a nation.
25
141502
3663
ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจื™ืื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื•ืœืื’ ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืื•ืžื”.
02:26
Everything there is about the Great Leader.
26
146038
2432
ื”ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
02:28
Every book, every newspaper article, every song, every TV program --
27
148494
5310
ื›ืœ ืกืคืจ, ื›ืœ ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ, ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืจ, ื›ืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” --
02:33
there is just one subject.
28
153828
1652
ื™ืฉ ื ื•ืฉื ืื—ื“.
02:35
The flowers are named after him,
29
155970
1941
ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื ืงืจื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืžื•,
02:37
the mountains are carved with his slogans.
30
157935
2872
ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื—ืจื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืกืกืžืื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
02:40
Every citizen wears the badge of the Great Leader at all times.
31
160831
4357
ื›ืœ ืื–ืจื— ืขื•ื ื“ ืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช.
02:45
Even their calendar system begins with the birth of Kim Il-Sung.
32
165861
4182
ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื•ื— ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขื ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ืงื™ื ืื™ืœ ืกื•ื ื’.
02:51
The school was a heavily guarded prison, posing as a campus.
33
171521
4738
ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื‘ื™ืช ืกื•ื”ืจ ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช, ืฉื™ื•ืฆื’ ื›ืงืžืคื•ืก.
02:56
Teachers could only leave on group outings accompanied by an official minder.
34
176751
5622
ืžื•ืจื™ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืจืง ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช, ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืจืฉืžื™.
03:03
Even then, our trips were limited to sanctioned national monuments
35
183960
5373
ืืคื™ืœื• ืื–, ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื’ื‘ืœื• ืœืืชืจื™ ื”ื ืฆื—ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื
03:09
celebrating the Great Leader.
36
189357
1807
ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
03:12
The students were not allowed to leave the campus,
37
192405
3845
ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ืจืฉื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืงืžืคื•ืก,
03:16
or communicate with their parents.
38
196274
2638
ืื• ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ืขื ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื.
03:20
Their days were meticulously mapped out, and any free time they had
39
200761
4125
ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืขื ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืง, ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืคื ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื
03:24
was devoted to honoring their Great Leader.
40
204911
3391
ื”ื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
03:29
Lesson plans had to meet the approval of North Korean staff,
41
209421
5007
ืžืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจื™ืื ื™,
03:34
every class was recorded and reported on, every room was bugged,
42
214452
4205
ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื•ืงืœื˜ ื•ื“ื•ื•ื—, ื›ืœ ื—ื“ืจ ืžื•ืฉืชืœ ื‘ืžืงืœื™ื˜ื™ื,
03:38
and every conversation, overheard.
43
218681
2698
ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื”, ื”ื•ื“ืœืคื”.
03:42
Every blank space was covered with the portraits of Kim Il-Sung and Kim Jong-Il,
44
222743
5670
ื›ืœ ืžืจื•ื•ื— ืจื™ืง ื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืงื™ื ืื™ืœ ืกื•ื ื’ ื•-ืงื™ื ื’'ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืœ,
03:48
like everywhere else in North Korea.
45
228413
2635
ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจื™ืื”.
03:53
We were never allowed to discuss the outside world.
46
233092
2853
ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื”ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
03:55
As students of science and technology, many of them were computer majors
47
235969
5010
ื›ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืžื“ืข ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื
04:01
but they did not know the existence of the Internet.
48
241003
2609
ืืš ื”ื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
04:04
They had never heard of Mark Zuckerberg or Steve Jobs.
49
244555
3858
ื”ื ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืฉืžืขื• ืขืœ ืžืจืง ืฆื•ืงืจื‘ืจื’ ืื• ืกื˜ื™ื‘ ื’'ื•ื‘ืก
04:09
Facebook, Twitter -- none of those things would have meant a thing.
50
249525
4008
ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง, ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ -- ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ื‘ืจื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
04:14
And I could not tell them.
51
254605
2443
ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื.
04:18
I went there looking for truth.
52
258861
2350
ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืฉื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืžืช.
04:22
But where do you even start when an entire nation's ideology,
53
262135
3646
ืืš ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืืชื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ื“ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืขื ืฉืœื,
04:25
my students' day-to-day realities,
54
265805
1993
ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื™,
04:27
and even my own position at the universities,
55
267823
3951
ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช,
04:31
were all built on lies?
56
271798
2851
ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืงืจื™ื?
04:37
I started with a game.
57
277930
1150
ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง.
04:39
We played "Truth and Lie."
58
279976
1606
ืฉื™ื—ืงื ื• "ืืžืช ืื• ืฉืงืจ."
04:42
A volunteer would write a sentence on the chalkboard,
59
282689
2643
ืžืชื ื“ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื—,
04:45
and the other students had to guess
60
285356
2751
ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ื—ืฉ
04:48
whether it was a truth or a lie.
61
288131
3003
ืื ื–ื”ื• ืืžืช ืื• ืฉืงืจ.
04:51
Once a student wrote, "I visited China last year on vacation,"
62
291158
4203
ืคืขื ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ื›ืชื‘, "ื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”,"
04:55
and everyone shouted, "Lie!"
63
295385
2608
ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืฆืขืงื•, "ืฉืงืจ!"
04:59
They all knew this wasn't possible.
64
299025
2268
ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™.
05:01
Virtually no North Korean is allowed to leave the country.
65
301317
3956
ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืฃ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจื™ืื ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืจืฉื” ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
05:05
Even traveling within their own country requires a travel pass.
66
305297
4321
ืืคื™ืœื• ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื“ื™ื ืชื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืืฉืจืช ื ืกื™ืขื”.
05:12
I had hoped that this game would reveal some truth about my students,
67
312569
5277
ืงื™ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื–ื” ื™ื’ืœื” ืงืฆืช ืžืŸ ื”ืืžืช ืขืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื™,
05:17
because they lie so often and so easily,
68
317870
3063
ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžืฉืงืจื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื•ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš,
05:20
whether about the mythical accomplishments of their Great Leader,
69
320957
4413
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ืื’ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
05:25
or the strange claim that they cloned a rabbit as fifth graders.
70
325394
4038
ืื• ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื” ืฉืœื”ื ืฉืฉื›ืคืœื• ืฉืคืŸ ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื›ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื”'.
05:31
The difference between truth and lies seemed at times hazy to them.
71
331482
4917
ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืžืช ืœืฉืงืจื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื“ืžื” ืœื”ื ืžืขื•ืจืคืœ ืœืขืชื™ื.
05:36
It took me a while to understand the different types of lies;
72
336423
4091
ืœืงื— ืœื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืฉืงืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื;
05:40
they lie to shield their system from the world,
73
340538
2976
ื”ื ืžืฉืงืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
05:43
or they were taught lies, and were just regurgitating them.
74
343538
3855
ืื• ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื• ืฉืงืจื™ื, ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื—ื–ืจื• ืขืœื™ื”ื.
05:47
Or, at moments, they lied out of habit.
75
347417
2618
ืื•, ื”ื™ื• ืจื’ืขื™ื, ืฉื”ื ืฉื™ืงืจื• ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืจื’ืœ.
05:52
But if all they have ever known were lies,
76
352314
4111
ืืš ืื ืžื” ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ืžืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื• ืฉืงืจื™ื,
05:56
how could we expect them to be otherwise?
77
356449
2500
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืžื”ื ืื—ืจืช?
06:01
Next, I tried to teach them essay writing.
78
361330
2559
ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืžืืžืจื™ื.
06:04
But that turned out to be nearly impossible.
79
364408
2241
ืืš ื–ื” ื”ื•ื›ื— ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™.
06:07
Essays are about coming up with one's own thesis,
80
367225
3819
ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ืขืช ื”ื ื—ืช ื™ืกื•ื“,
06:11
and making an evidence-based argument to prove it.
81
371412
3561
ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขื•ื‘ื“ืชื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืื•ืชื”.
06:16
These students, however, were simply told what to think,
82
376044
3917
ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืืœื•, ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ื ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืžื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘,
06:19
and they obeyed.
83
379985
1150
ื•ื”ื ื ืขื ื•.
06:21
In their world, critical thinking was not allowed.
84
381800
3363
ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื”ื, ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ืช ืœื ื”ื•ืจืฉืชื”.
06:26
I also gave them the weekly assignment of writing a personal letter,
85
386880
4631
ื ืชืชื™ ืœื”ื ื’ื ืžื˜ืœื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ืช - ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืžื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื™,
06:31
to anybody.
86
391535
1150
ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื.
06:33
It took a long time, but eventually some of them began to write
87
393310
4174
ื–ื” ืœืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘, ืืš ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืœืงื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื›ืชื•ื‘
06:37
to their mothers, their friends, their girlfriends.
88
397509
3674
ืœืืžื, ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
06:42
Although those were just homework,
89
402479
2992
ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ืจืง ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช,
06:45
and would never reach their intended recipients,
90
405496
3555
ื•ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื ืžืขื ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื,
06:49
my students slowly began to reveal their true feelings in them.
91
409076
4069
ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืœืื˜ ืืช ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืืžืชื™ื•ืช.
06:54
They wrote that they were fed up with the sameness of everything.
92
414376
4146
ื”ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื ืžืืก ืœื”ื ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
06:59
They were worried about their future.
93
419435
1944
ื”ื ื“ืื’ื• ืœืขืชื™ื“ื.
07:01
In those letters, they rarely ever mentioned their Great Leader.
94
421787
4924
ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช.
07:10
I was spending all of my time with these young men.
95
430806
3016
ืฉื”ื™ืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ืžื ื™ ืขื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
07:14
We all ate meals together, played basketball together.
96
434558
4486
ืื›ืœื ื• ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ืฉื™ื—ืงื ื• ื›ื“ื•ืจืกืœ ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
07:19
I often called them gentlemen, which made them giggle.
97
439679
4405
ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจืืชื™ ืœื”ื ื’'ื ื˜ืœืžื ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉื’ืจื ืœื”ื ืœืฆื—ืงืง.
07:24
They blushed at the mention of girls.
98
444858
1963
ื”ื ื”ืกืžื™ืงื• ื‘ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ื ื•ืช.
07:28
And I came to adore them.
99
448332
1968
ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืฅ ืื•ืชื.
07:30
And watching them open up even in the tiniest of ways,
100
450703
3637
ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื ืคืชื—ื™ื, ื•ืœื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
07:34
was deeply moving.
101
454364
2070
ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื’ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
07:37
But something also felt wrong.
102
457967
1914
ืืš ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื’ื•ื™.
07:40
During those months of living in their world,
103
460973
2849
ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืื•ืชื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื”ื,
07:43
I often wondered if the truth would, in fact, improve their lives.
104
463846
4819
ืชื”ื™ืชื™ ืœืขืชื™ื ืื ื”ืืžืช, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืชืฉืคืจ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
07:51
I wanted so much to tell them the truth,
105
471759
3091
ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืืžืช,
07:54
of their country and of the outside world,
106
474874
3420
ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืชื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืฅ,
07:58
where Arab youth were turning their rotten regime inside out,
107
478318
3991
ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืœืงืœ ืฉืœื”ื,
08:02
using the power of social media,
108
482333
1795
ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
08:04
where everyone except them was connected through the world wide web,
109
484152
4698
ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช,
08:08
which wasn't worldwide after all.
110
488874
2841
ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ.
08:13
But for them, the truth was dangerous.
111
493489
3511
ืืš ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื, ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช.
08:18
By encouraging them to run after it, I was putting them at risk --
112
498955
4899
ื‘ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ื ืœืจื“ื•ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ื”, ืกื™ื›ื ืชื™ ืื•ืชื --
08:23
of persecution,
113
503878
2357
ื‘ืจื“ื™ืคื”,
08:26
of heartbreak.
114
506259
1351
ื‘ืฉื‘ืจื•ืŸ ืœื‘.
08:30
When you're not allowed to express anything in the open,
115
510755
2658
ื›ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืš ืœื‘ื˜ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช,
08:33
you become good at reading what is unspoken.
116
513437
2881
ืืชื” ื ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ืžื” ืฉืœื ื ืืžืจ.
08:37
In one of their personal letters to me, a student wrote that he understood
117
517736
5024
ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืืœื™ื™, ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืื—ื“ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ
08:42
why I always called them gentlemen.
118
522784
2842
ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืงื•ืจืืช ืœื”ื ื’ืณื ื˜ืœืžื ื™ื.
08:46
It was because I was wishing them to be gentle in life, he said.
119
526630
4803
ื–ื” ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืื—ืœืช ืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื, ื›ืš ืืžืจ.
08:54
On my last day in December of 2011,
120
534767
2777
ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2011,
08:57
the day Kim Jong-Il's death was announced,
121
537568
2750
ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืงื™ื ื’ืณื•ื ื’ ืื™ืœ ื”ื•ื›ืจื–,
09:00
their world shattered.
122
540342
1648
ืขื•ืœืžื ื—ืจื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื.
09:04
I had to leave without a proper goodbye.
123
544798
2582
ื”ื•ื›ืจื—ืชื™ ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื•ื.
09:08
But I think they knew how sad I was for them.
124
548667
2538
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื“ืขื• ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขืฆื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื.
09:12
Once, toward the end of my stay, a student said to me,
125
552340
3905
ืคืขื, ืœืงืจืืช ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™, ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืืžืจ ืœื™,
09:16
"Professor, we never think of you as being different from us.
126
556269
5474
ืดืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื™ืš ื›ืขืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื™ืชื ื•.
09:21
Our circumstances are different, but you're the same as us.
127
561767
6107
ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืืš ืืช ื›ืžื•ื ื•.
09:27
We want you to know that we truly think of you as being the same."
128
567898
4118
ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืชื“ืขื™ ืฉืื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื™ืš ื›ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื•.ืด
09:37
Today, if I could respond to my students with a letter of my own,
129
577999
3807
ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื™ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื™ ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ ืžืฉืœื™,
09:41
which is of course impossible,
130
581830
2476
ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™,
09:44
I would tell them this:
131
584330
1599
ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื”ื ื›ืš:
09:49
"My dear gentlemen,
132
589876
2649
ืดื’ืณื ื˜ืœืžื ื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœื™,
09:52
It's been a bit over three years since I last saw you.
133
592550
2974
ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื– ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืชื›ื ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
09:55
And now, you must be 22 -- maybe even as old as 23.
134
595549
4246
ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืชื ื›ื ืจืื” ื‘ื ื™ 22 -- ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• 23.
10:00
At our final class, I asked you if there was anything you wanted.
135
600565
3600
ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืชื›ื ืื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื.
10:05
The only wish you expressed, the only thing you ever asked of me
136
605822
3419
ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ืืชื, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื ืžืžื ื™
10:09
in all those months we spent together,
137
609265
3418
ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ื™ื—ื“,
10:12
was for me to speak to you in Korean.
138
612707
1926
ื”ื™ื” ืฉืื“ื‘ืจ ืืชื›ื ืงื•ืจื™ืื ื™ืช.
10:15
Just once.
139
615160
1150
ืจืง ืคืขื ืื—ืช.
10:17
I was there to teach you English;
140
617084
2476
ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื“ ืืชื›ื ืื ื’ืœื™ืช;
10:19
you knew it wasn't allowed.
141
619584
1517
ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืกื•ืจ.
10:22
But I understood then, you wanted to share that bond of our mother tongue.
142
622144
5731
ืืš ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืื–, ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืคืช ื”ืื.
10:30
I called you my gentlemen,
143
630052
3230
ืงืจืืชื™ ืœื›ื ื”ื’ืณื ื˜ืœืžื ื™ื ืฉืœื™,
10:33
but I don't know if being gentle in Kim Jong-Un's merciless North Korea
144
633306
4421
ืืš ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื ื”ื™ื•ืชื›ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจื™ืื” ื”ืœื ืจื—ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ื ื’ืณื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ
10:37
is a good thing.
145
637751
1182
ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
10:39
I don't want you to lead a revolution --
146
639717
2327
ืื™ื ื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื ื”ื™ื’ื• ืžื”ืคื›ื” --
10:42
let some other young person do it.
147
642068
2004
ืชื ื• ืœืื“ื ืฆืขื™ืจ ืื—ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
10:45
The rest of the world might casually encourage or even expect
148
645035
3546
ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืขื•ื“ื“ ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืฆืคื”
10:48
some sort of North Korean Spring,
149
648605
2350
ืœืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจื™ืื ื™,
10:50
but I don't want you to do anything risky,
150
650979
2522
ืืš ืื™ื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืขืฉื• ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ,
10:53
because I know in your world, someone is always watching.
151
653525
3844
ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื›ื, ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืกืชื›ืœ.
10:59
I don't want to imagine what might happen to you.
152
659027
2484
ืื™ื ื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื™ืงืจื” ืœื›ื.
11:02
If my attempts to reach you have inspired something new in you,
153
662225
4942
ืื ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื›ื ื ืชืŸ ื‘ื›ื ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ,
11:07
I would rather you forget me.
154
667191
1550
ืื ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืคื” ืฉืชืฉื›ื—ื• ืื•ืชื™.
11:09
Become soldiers of your Great Leader, and live long, safe lives.
155
669646
4339
ืชื”ื™ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื›ื, ื•ืชื—ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื.
11:16
You once asked me if I thought your city of Pyongyang was beautiful,
156
676361
4699
ืฉืืœืชื ืื•ืชื™ ืคืขื ืื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืžื“ื™ื ืชื ืคื™ื•ื ื’ื™ืื ื’ ื”ื™ื ื™ืคื”,
11:21
and I could not answer truthfully then.
157
681084
2692
ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืื– ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช.
11:25
But I know why you asked.
158
685609
1381
ืืš ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉืืœืชื.
11:27
I know that it was important for you to hear that I, your teacher,
159
687493
4531
ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื›ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืฉืื ื™, ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื›ื,
11:32
the one who has seen the world that you are forbidden from,
160
692048
3861
ื–ืืช ืฉืจืืชื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืื™ื ื›ื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช,
11:35
declare your city as the most beautiful.
161
695933
3327
ืžืฆื”ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืชื›ื ื›ื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:41
I know hearing that would make your lives there a bit more bearable,
162
701793
5155
ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืœ ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื›ื ืฉื,
11:46
but no, I don't find your capital beautiful.
163
706972
3367
ืืš ืœื, ืื™ื ื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืจืชื›ื ื›ื™ืคื”.
11:50
Not because it's monotone and concrete,
164
710900
2629
ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ื ื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืžืœืืช ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ,
11:53
but because of what it symbolizes:
165
713553
1863
ืืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืกืžืœืช:
11:55
a monster that feeds off the rest of the country,
166
715440
4833
ืžืคืœืฆืช ื”ื—ื™ื” ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
12:00
where citizens are soldiers and slaves.
167
720297
2873
ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื.
12:05
All I see there is darkness.
168
725734
1608
ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืฉื ื–ื”ื• ื—ื•ืฉืš.
12:09
But it's your home, so I cannot hate it.
169
729932
2448
ืืš ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื™ืชื›ื, ืื– ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื ื•ื ืื•ืชื•.
12:13
And I hope instead that you, my lovely young gentlemen,
170
733623
5037
ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ืฉืืชื, ื’ืณื ื˜ืœืžื ื™ื ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื™,
12:18
will one day help make it beautiful.
171
738684
2494
ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืชืขื–ืจื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื™ืคื”.
12:22
Thank you.
172
742970
1188
ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
12:24
(Applause)
173
744183
5165
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7