Nina Tandon: Caring for engineered tissue

Prevoditelj: Tilen Pigac - EFZG Recezent: Mislav Ante Omazić - EFZG

Good morning everybody.

Dobro jutro svima.

I work with really amazing,

Radim s doista nevjerojatnim

little, itty-bitty creatures called cells.

malim, sićušnim stvorenjima zvanim stanice.

And let me tell you what it's like

I dopustite mi da vam objasnim kako je

to grow these cells in the lab.

uzgajati te stanice u laboratoriju.

I work in a lab where we take cells out of their native environment.

Radim u laboratoriju gdje uzimamo stanice iz njihova materinjeg okoliša.

We plate them into dishes

Stavimo ih u posudice

that we sometimes call petri dishes.

koje ponekad nazivamo petri posudice.

And we feed them -- sterilely of course --

I hranimo ih -- sterilno, naravno --

with what we call cell culture media -- which is like their food --

s onim što mi zovemo stanična kultura medija -- koje je poput njihove hrane --

and we grow them in incubators.

i uzgajamo ih u inkubatorima.

Why do I do this?

Zašto to radim?

We observe the cells in a plate,

Promatramo stanice u posudici

and they're just on the surface.

i one su samo na površini.

But what we're really trying to do in my lab

Ali ono što zapravo pokušavamo učiniti u mom laboratoriju

is to engineer tissues out of them.

je iz njih proizvesti tkivo.

What does that even mean?

Što to uopće znači?

Well it means growing an actual heart,

Pa, to znači uzgajati stvarno srce,

let's say,

recimo,

or grow a piece of bone

ili uzgojiti komad kosti

that can be put into the body.

koji se zatim može staviti u tijelo.

Not only that, but they can also be used for disease models.

Ne samo to, već se one mogu koristiti i za modele bolesti.

And for this purpose, traditional cell culture techniques

A za tu svrhu, tradicionalne tehnike staničnih kultura

just really aren't enough.

jednostavno nisu dovoljne.

The cells are kind of homesick;

Stanice žude za domom;

the dish doesn't feel like their home.

posudica se ne čini više kao njihov dom.

And so we need to do better at copying their natural environment

I stoga moramo biti bolji u kopiranju njihovog prirodnog okoliša

to get them to thrive.

kako bi one bujale.

We call this the biomimetic paradigm --

To zovemo biomimetičkom paradigmom --

copying nature in the lab.

kopiranje prirode u laboratoriju.

Let's take the example of the heart,

Uzmimo za primjer srce,

the topic of a lot of my research.

temu mojih brojnih istraživanja.

What makes the heart unique?

Što čini srce jedinstvenim?

Well, the heart beats,

Pa, srce kuca,

rhythmically, tirelessly, faithfully.

ritmički, neumorno, vjerno.

We copy this in the lab

To kopiramo u laboratoriju

by outfitting cell culture systems with electrodes.

opremajući sustave staničnih kultura s elektrodama.

These electrodes act like mini pacemakers

Te elektrode se ponašaju poput mini pejsmejkera

to get the cells to contract in the lab.

koji grči stanice u laboratoriju.

What else do we know about the heart?

Što još znamo o srcu?

Well, heart cells are pretty greedy.

Pa, srčane stanice su prilično pohlepne.

Nature feeds the heart cells in your body

Priroda hrani srčane stanice u vašem tijelu

with a very, very dense blood supply.

s veoma, veoma gustom opskrbom krvi.

In the lab, we micro-pattern channels

U laboratoriju, pretvaramo mikro uzorcima kanale

in the biomaterials

u biomaterijale

on which we grow the cells,

na kojima uzgajamo stanice.

and this allows us to flow the cell culture media, the cells' food,

A to nam omogućava da usmjeravamo medijsku staničnu kulturu, staničnu hranu,

through the scaffolds where we're growing the cells --

kroz skele gdje uzgajamo stanice --

a lot like what you might expect

vrlo nalik na ono što biste mogli očekivati

from a capillary bed in the heart.

od kapilarnog ležišta u srcu.

So this brings me to lesson number one:

To me dovodi do lekcije broj jedan:

life can do a lot with very little.

život može učiniti puno s jako malo.

Let's take the example of electrical stimulation.

Uzmimo kao primjer električnu stimulaciju.

Let's see how powerful just one of these essentials can be.

Da vidimo kako moćna jedna od tih osnovnih stvari može biti.

On the left, we see a tiny piece of beating heart tissue

S lijeve strane vidimo sićušan komadić tkiva srca koje kuca

that I engineered from rat cells in the lab.

koje sam proizvela iz stanica štakora u laboratoriju.

It's about the size of a mini marshmallow.

Otprilike je veličine mini bijelog sljeza.

And after one week, it's beating.

I nakon jednog tjedna, kuca.

You can see it in the upper left-hand corner.

Možete je vidjeti u gornjem lijevom kutu.

But don't worry if you can't see it so well.

Ali ne brinite ako je ne vidite tako dobro.

It's amazing that these cells beat at all.

Nevjerojatno je kako te stanice uopće kucaju.

But what's really amazing

Ali ono što je doista nevjerojatno

is that the cells, when we electrically stimulate them,

je kako stanice kada ih električki stimuliramo

like with a pacemaker,

kao s pejsmejkerom,

that they beat so much more.

one kucaju bitno više.

But that brings me to lesson number two:

A to me dovodi do lekcije broj dva:

cells do all the work.

stanice obave cijeli posao.

In a sense, tissue engineers have a bit of an identity crisis here,

Na neki način, uzgajatelji tkiva imaju ovdje malu krizu identiteta,

because structural engineers

jer strukturalni inžinjeri

build bridges and big things,

grade mostove i velike stvari,

computer engineers, computers,

računalni inžinjeri, računala,

but what we are doing

ali ono što mi radimo

is actually building enabling technologies for the cells themselves.

je zapravo gradnja podupirućih tehnologija za same stanice.

What does this mean for us?

Što to znači za nas?

Let's do something really simple.

Učinimo nešto jako jednostavno.

Let's remind ourselves

Podsjetimo se

that cells are not an abstract concept.

kako stanice nisu apstraktni koncept.

Let's remember that our cells sustain our lives

Podsjetimo se kako naše stanice održavaju naše živote

in a very real way.

na vrlo stvaran način.

"We are what we eat," could easily be described

"Mi smo ono što jedemo," može se jednostavno opisati

as, "We are what our cells eat."

kao, "Mi smo ono što naše stanice jedu."

And in the case of the flora in our gut,

A u slučaju flore u našim crijevima,

these cells may not even be human.

te stanice ne moraju ni biti ljudske.

But it's also worth noting

Ali ujedno je važno napomenuti

that cells also mediate our experience of life.

kako stanice posreduju u našem iskustvu života.

Behind every sound, sight, touch, taste and smell

Iza svakog zvuka, pogleda, dodira, okusa i mirisa

is a corresponding set of cells

je odgovarajući skup stanica

that receive this information

koji prima tu informaciju

and interpret it for us.

i tumači je za nas.

It begs the question:

Moli za pitanje:

shall we expand our sense of environmental stewardship

hoćemo li proširiti naš smisao ekološkog upravitelja

to include the ecosystem of our own bodies?

kako bi uključili ekosustav svojih vlastitih tijela?

I invite you to talk about this with me further,

Pozivam vas da pričate sa mnom o tome više,

and in the meantime, I wish you luck.

a u međuvremenu, sretno vam bilo.

May none of your non-cancer cells

Neka nijedna od vaših stanica koje ne nose rak

become endangered species.

postanu ugrožene vrste.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)