Why humans run the world | Yuval Noah Harari | TED

Prevoditelj: Stjepan Mateljan Recezent: Tilen Pigac - EFZG

Seventy-thousand years ago, our ancestors were insignificant animals.

Prije 70.000 godina, naši su preci bili beznačajne životinje.

The most important thing to know about prehistoric humans

Najvažnija stvar za znati o pretpovijesnim ljudima

is that they were unimportant.

je kako su bili nevažni.

Their impact on the world was not much greater than that of jellyfish

Njihov utjecaj na svijet nije bio puno veći od onog meduza

or fireflies or woodpeckers.

ili krijesnica ili djetlića.

Today, in contrast, we control this planet.

Danas, nasuprot, kontroliramo ovaj planet.

And the question is:

A pitanje je:

How did we come from there to here?

Kako smo došli od tamo do ovdje?

How did we turn ourselves from insignificant apes,

Kako smo promijenili sebe od beznačajnih majmuna,

minding their own business in a corner of Africa,

koji brinu svoju brigu u kutku Afrike,

into the rulers of planet Earth?

u gospodare planeta Zemlje?

Usually, we look for the difference between us and all the other animals

Obično, gledamo razlike između nas i ostalih životinja

on the individual level.

na razini jedinke.

We want to believe -- I want to believe --

Želimo vjerovati -- ja želim vjerovati --

that there is something special about me,

kako postoji nešto posebno glede mene,

glede mog tijela, glede mog mozga,

about my body, about my brain,

što me čini toliko nadmoćnim psu ili svinji ili čimpanzi.

that makes me so superior to a dog or a pig, or a chimpanzee.

But the truth is that, on the individual level,

Ali istina je, na razini jedinke,

I'm embarrassingly similar to a chimpanzee.

ja sam sramotno sličan čimpanzi.

A ako uzmete mene i čimpanzu te nas zajedno stavite na neki pusti otok,

And if you take me and a chimpanzee and put us together on some lonely island,

and we had to struggle for survival to see who survives better,

pa se moramo boriti za opstanak kako bi vidjeli tko će preživjeti bolje,

I would definitely place my bet on the chimpanzee, not on myself.

ja bih se definitivno kladio na čimpanzu, ne na sebe.

And this is not something wrong with me personally.

A to nije radi nečega pogrešnog kod mene samog.

I guess if they took almost any one of you, and placed you alone

Pretpostavljam kad bi uzeli skoro bilo koga od vas, i smjestili vas same

with a chimpanzee on some island,

sa čimpanzom na neki otok,

the chimpanzee would do much better.

čimpanzi bi bilo puno bolje.

The real difference between humans and all other animals

Prava razlika između ljudi i drugih životinja

nije na razini jedinke;

is not on the individual level;

it's on the collective level.

nalazi se na razini kolektiva.

Humans control the planet because they are the only animals

Ljudi kontroliraju planet jer su jedina životinja

that can cooperate both flexibly and in very large numbers.

koja može surađivati fleksibilno i u vrlo velikim brojevima.

Sad, ima i drugih životinja --

Now, there are other animals --

like the social insects, the bees, the ants --

poput društvenih insekata, pčela, mrava --

koje mogu surađivati u velikim brojevima, ali to ne mogu činiti fleksibilno.

that can cooperate in large numbers, but they don't do so flexibly.

Njihova je suradnja vrlo rigidna.

Their cooperation is very rigid.

Postoji zapravo samo jedan način na koji košnica može funkcionirati.

There is basically just one way in which a beehive can function.

And if there's a new opportunity or a new danger,

A ako se ukaže nova prilika ili nova opasnost,

pčele ne mogu preinačiti društveni sustav preko noći.

the bees cannot reinvent the social system overnight.

They cannot, for example, execute the queen

Ne mogu, primjerice, smaknuti kraljicu

and establish a republic of bees,

te ustanoviti pčelinju republiku,

or a communist dictatorship of worker bees.

ili komunističku diktaturu pčela radilica.

Other animals, like the social mammals --

Druge životinje, poput društvenih sisavaca --

the wolves, the elephants, the dolphins, the chimpanzees --

vukova, slonova, dupina, čimpanzi --

they can cooperate much more flexibly,

one mogu surađivati puno fleksibilnije,

but they do so only in small numbers,

ali to čine samo u malim brojevima,

because cooperation among chimpanzees

jer se suradnja među čimpanzama

is based on intimate knowledge, one of the other.

temelji na bliskom međusobnom poznanstvu.

I'm a chimpanzee and you're a chimpanzee,

Ja sam čimpanza i ti si čimpanza,

and I want to cooperate with you.

i ja želim surađivati s tobom.

I need to know you personally.

Moram te poznavati osobno.

Kakva si ti čimpanza?

What kind of chimpanzee are you?

Are you a nice chimpanzee?

Jesi li ti ljubazna čimpanza?

Are you an evil chimpanzee?

Jesi li ti zla čimpanza?

Are you trustworthy?

Jesi li pouzdana?

If I don't know you, how can I cooperate with you?

Ako te ne znam, kako mogu surađivati s tobom?

The only animal that can combine the two abilities together

Jedina životinja koja može spojiti te dvije sposobnosti

and cooperate both flexibly and still do so in very large numbers

te surađivati i fleksibilno a ipak u velikim brojevima

is us, Homo sapiens.

smo mi, Homo sapiens.

One versus one, or even 10 versus 10,

Jedan na jedan, čak i 10 na 10,

čimpanze mogu biti bolje od nas.

chimpanzees might be better than us.

Ali, ako smjestite 1.000 ljudi protiv 1.000 čimpanzi,

But, if you pit 1,000 humans against 1,000 chimpanzees,

the humans will win easily, for the simple reason

ljudi će lako pobijediti, iz jednostavnog razloga

that a thousand chimpanzees cannot cooperate at all.

što tisuću čimpanzi uopće ne može surađivati.

And if you now try to cram 100,000 chimpanzees

A ako sad pokušate ugurati 100.000 čimpanzi

into Oxford Street, or into Wembley Stadium,

u Oxford Street, ili na Wembley stadion,

ili trg Tienanmen ili Vatikan,

or Tienanmen Square or the Vatican,

you will get chaos, complete chaos.

dobit ćete kaos, potpuni kaos.

Just imagine Wembley Stadium with 100,000 chimpanzees.

Samo zamislite stadion na Wembleyu sa 100.000 čimpanzi.

Complete madness.

Potpuno ludilo.

In contrast, humans normally gather there in tens of thousands,

Nasuprot, ljudi se normalno okupljaju tamo u desecima tisuća,

and what we get is not chaos, usually.

i što dobijemo nije kaos, obično.

What we get is extremely sophisticated and effective networks of cooperation.

Što dobijemo su krajnje profinjene i učinkovite mreže suradnje.

All the huge achievements of humankind throughout history,

Sva ogromna postignuća ljudskog roda kroz povijest,

bila to gradnja piramida ili let na mjesec,

whether it's building the pyramids or flying to the moon,

have been based not on individual abilities,

bila su temeljena ne na sposobnostima pojedinca

nego na toj sposobnosti fleksibilne suradnje u velikim brojevima.

but on this ability to cooperate flexibly in large numbers.

Think even about this very talk that I'm giving now:

Mislite čak i o upravo ovom govoru koji vam trenutno pružam:

Stojim ovdje ispred publike od oko 300 ili 400 ljudi,

I'm standing here in front of an audience of about 300 or 400 people,

većina vas meni ste potpuni stranci.

most of you are complete strangers to me.

Similarly, I don't really know all the people who have organized

Jednako, zapravo i ne znam sve ljude koji su organizirali

and worked on this event.

i radili na ovom događaju.

I don't know the pilot and the crew members of the plane

Ne znam pilota ni članove posade na avionu

that brought me over here, yesterday, to London.

koji me doveo ovdje, jučer, u London.

I don't know the people who invented and manufactured

Ne znam ljude koji su izumili i proizveli

ovaj mikrofon i ove kamere, koje snimaju što govorim.

this microphone and these cameras, which are recording what I'm saying.

Ne znam ljude koji su napisali sve knjige i članke

I don't know the people who wrote all the books and articles

that I read in preparation for this talk.

koje sam pročitao u pripremi za ovaj govor.

And I certainly don't know all the people

I sigurno ne znam sve ljude

who might be watching this talk over the Internet,

koji bi mogli gledati ovaj govor putem Interneta,

somewhere in Buenos Aires or in New Delhi.

negdje u Buenos Airesu ili u New Delhiju.

Ipak, čak iako ne znamo jedni druge,

Nevertheless, even though we don't know each other,

we can work together to create this global exchange of ideas.

možemo zajedno raditi kako bismo stvorili ovu globalnu razmjenu ideja.

To je nešto što čimpanze ne mogu učiniti.

This is something chimpanzees cannot do.

One komuniciraju, naravno,

They communicate, of course,

but you will never catch a chimpanzee traveling to some distant chimpanzee band

ali nikad nećete uloviti čimpanzu kako putuje nekom udaljenom čoporu čimpanzi

to give them a talk about bananas or about elephants,

kako bi im održao govor o bananama ili o slonovima,

or anything else that might interest chimpanzees.

ili čemu već drugom što bi moglo interesirati čimpanze.

Now cooperation is, of course, not always nice;

Sad suradnja nije, naravno, uvijek lijepa;

all the horrible things humans have been doing throughout history --

sve strašne stvari koje su ljudi činili kroz povijest --

and we have been doing some very horrible things --

a činili smo neke vrlo strašne stvari --

all those things are also based on large-scale cooperation.

sve te stvari se također temelje na suradnji velikih razmjera.

Prisons are a system of cooperation;

Zatvori su sustav suradnje;

slaughterhouses are a system of cooperation;

Klaonice su sustav suradnje;

concentration camps are a system of cooperation.

Koncentracijski kampovi su sustav suradnje.

Chimpanzees don't have slaughterhouses and prisons and concentration camps.

Čimpanze nemaju klaonice ni zatvore ni koncentracijske kampove.

Now suppose I've managed to convince you perhaps that yes,

Sad pretpostavimo kako sam uspio uvjeriti vas kako možda da,

mi kontroliramo svijet stoga što možemo fleksibilno surađivati u velikim brojevima.

we control the world because we can cooperate flexibly in large numbers.

The next question that immediately arises

Slijedeće pitanje koje odmah nastaje

in the mind of an inquisitive listener is:

u umu radoznalog slušatelja je:

How, exactly, do we do it?

Kako, točno, mi to činimo?

Što nam to omogućuje, nama među svim životinjama, surađivati na takav način?

What enables us alone, of all the animals, to cooperate in such a way?

The answer is our imagination.

Odgovor je naša mašta.

We can cooperate flexibly with countless numbers of strangers,

Možemo surađivati fleksibilno sa bezbrojnim strancima,

because we alone, of all the animals on the planet,

jer samo mi, od svih životinja na planeti,

možemo stvarati i vjerovati izmišljotine, izmišljene priče.

can create and believe fictions, fictional stories.

And as long as everybody believes in the same fiction,

I sve dok svi vjeruju u iste izmišljotine,

everybody obeys and follows the same rules,

svi će se povinovati i slijediti ista pravila,

the same norms, the same values.

iste norme, iste vrijednosti.

All other animals use their communication system

Sve druge životinje koriste svoj sustav komunikacije

only to describe reality.

samo za opisati stvarnost.

A chimpanzee may say, "Look! There's a lion, let's run away!"

Čimpanza može reći: "Gle! Tamo je lav, bježimo!"

Or, "Look! There's a banana tree over there! Let's go and get bananas!"

Ili: "Gle! Tamo je stablo banane! Hajdemo uzeti banane!"

Humans, in contrast, use their language not merely to describe reality,

Ljudi, nasuprot, koriste svoj jezik ne tek za opisivanje stvarnosti,

but also to create new realities, fictional realities.

već također i kako bi stvorili nove stvarnosti, izmišljene stvarnosti.

A human can say, "Look, there is a god above the clouds!

Ljudsko biće može reći: "Gle, tamo je bog iznad oblaka!"

And if you don't do what I tell you to do,

A ako ne učiniš ono što ti kažem da učiniš,

when you die, God will punish you and send you to hell."

kad umreš, Bog će te kazniti i poslati te u pakao."

And if you all believe this story that I've invented,

I ako svi vjerujete u ovu priču koju sam izmislio,

then you will follow the same norms and laws and values,

tada ćete slijediti iste norme i zakone i vrijednosti,

and you can cooperate.

i možete surađivati.

This is something only humans can do.

To je nešto što samo ljudi mogu.

You can never convince a chimpanzee to give you a banana

Nikad nećete moći uvjeriti čimpanzu da vam da bananu

obećajući joj: "... nakon što umreš, ići ćeš u raj za čimpanze ..."

by promising him, "... after you die, you'll go to chimpanzee heaven ..."

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

"... and you'll receive lots and lots of bananas for your good deeds.

"... i primiti ćeš puno i prepuno banana za svoja dobra djela.

So now give me this banana."

Pa mi hajde sada daj ovu bananu."

No chimpanzee will ever believe such a story.

Nijedna čimpanza neće povjerovati u takvu priču.

Only humans believe such stories,

Samo ljudi vjeruju u takve priče,

which is why we control the world,

što je razlog zašto mi kontroliramo svijet,

whereas the chimpanzees are locked up in zoos and research laboratories.

dok su čimpanze zaključane u zoološkim vrtovima i laboratorijima.

Now you may find it acceptable that yes,

Sad, može vam biti prihvatljivo kako da,

in the religious field, humans cooperate by believing in the same fictions.

u polju religije, ljudi surađuju vjerujući u iste izmišljotine.

Milijuni ljudi se udružuju kako bi sagradili katedralu ili džamiju

Millions of people come together to build a cathedral or a mosque

ili se borili u križarskom ratu ili džihadu, jer svi vjeruju u iste priče

or fight in a crusade or a jihad, because they all believe in the same stories

about God and heaven and hell.

o Bogu i raju i paklu.

But what I want to emphasize is that exactly the same mechanism

Ali što želim naglasiti je kako se točno isti mehanizam

underlies all other forms of mass-scale human cooperation,

nalazi i ispod svih ostalih oblika ljudske suradnje masivnih razmjera,

ne samo u polju religije.

not only in the religious field.

Take, for example, the legal field.

Uzmite, na primjer, polje prava.

Most legal systems today in the world are based on a belief in human rights.

Većina pravnih sustava danas na svijetu temeljeni su na vjeri u ljudska prava.

But what are human rights?

Ali što su ljudska prava?

Human rights, just like God and heaven, are just a story that we've invented.

Ljudska su prava, baš poput Boga i raja, samo priča koju smo izmislli.

They are not an objective reality;

Ona nisu objektivna stvarnost;

they are not some biological effect about homo sapiens.

ona nisu neka biološka posljedica oko homo sapiensa.

Take a human being, cut him open, look inside,

Uzmite ljudsko biće, rasporite ga, pogledajte unutra,

you will find the heart, the kidneys, neurons, hormones, DNA,

naći ćete srce, bubrege, neurone, hormone, DNA,

but you won't find any rights.

ali nećete naći nikakva prava.

The only place you find rights are in the stories

Jedino mjesto gdje pronalazite prava je u pričama

koje smo izmislili i širili tijekom zadnjih nekoliko stoljeća.

that we have invented and spread around over the last few centuries.

They may be very positive stories, very good stories,

One mogu biti vrlo pozitivne priče, vrlo dobre priče,

but they're still just fictional stories that we've invented.

ali i dalje su tek izmaštane priče koje smo izmislili.

The same is true of the political field.

Stvar je ista u polju politike.

The most important factors in modern politics are states and nations.

Najvažniji faktori u modernoj politici su države i nacije.

But what are states and nations?

Ali što su države i nacije?

They are not an objective reality.

One nisu objektivna stvarnost.

A mountain is an objective reality.

Planina je objektivna stvarnost.

You can see it, you can touch it, you can even smell it.

Možete ju vidjeti, možete ju dotaknuti, možete ju čak i namirisati.

But a nation or a state,

Ali nacija ili država,

poput Izraela ili Irana ili Francuske ili Njemačke,

like Israel or Iran or France or Germany,

this is just a story that we've invented

to je samo priča koju smo izmislili

and became extremely attached to.

i postali uz nju jako vezani.

The same is true of the economic field.

Stvar je ista u polju ekonomije.

The most important actors today in the global economy

Najvažniji čimbenici danas u globalnoj ekonomiji

are companies and corporations.

su trgovačka društva i korporacije.

Many of you today, perhaps, work for a corporation,

Puno vas danas, možda, radi za korporaciju,

kakva je Google ili Toyota ili McDonald's.

like Google or Toyota or McDonald's.

What exactly are these things?

Što su točno te stvari?

They are what lawyers call legal fictions.

One su što odvjetnici nazivaju legalnim fikcijama.

They are stories invented and maintained

To su priče izmišljene i održavane

by the powerful wizards we call lawyers.

od moćnih čarobnjaka koje nazivamo odvjetnici.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And what do corporations do all day?

A što korporacije rade po čitav dan?

Uglavnom, pokušavaju stvoriti novac.

Mostly, they try to make money.

Yet, what is money?

Ipak, što je novac?

Again, money is not an objective reality; it has no objective value.

Opet, novac nije objektivna stvarnost; nema objektivnu vrijednost.

Take this green piece of paper, the dollar bill.

Uzmite ovaj zeleni list papira, novčanicu dolara.

Look at it -- it has no value.

Pogledajte ju -- nema vrijednost.

You cannot eat it, you cannot drink it,

Ne možete je pojesti, ne možete je popiti,

you cannot wear it.

ne možete je obući.

But then came along these master storytellers --

Ali tada su nadošli ti majstori pripovjedači --

the big bankers,

veliki bankari,

the finance ministers,

ministri financija,

the prime ministers --

premijeri --

i pričaju nam vrlo uvjerljivu priču:

and they tell us a very convincing story:

"Look, you see this green piece of paper?

"Gledajte, vidite li ovaj zeleni komad papira?

It is actually worth 10 bananas."

On zapravo vrijedi 10 banana."

And if I believe it, and you believe it,

Te ako ja u to vjerujem, i vi u to vjerujete

and everybody believes it,

i svi u to vjeruju,

it actually works.

to zbilja prolazi.

Mogu uzeti ovaj bezvrijedni komad papira,

I can take this worthless piece of paper,

otići u supermarket,

go to the supermarket,

give it to a complete stranger whom I've never met before,

dati ga potpunom neznancu kojeg nikad ranije nisam sreo,

and get, in exchange, real bananas which I can actually eat.

i dobiti, u zamjenu, prave banane koje zaista mogu pojesti.

This is something amazing.

To je nešto zapanjujuće.

You could never do it with chimpanzees.

Ne biste nikad to mogli uraditi sa čimpanzama.

Chimpanzees trade, of course:

Čimpanze trguju, naravno:

"Yes, you give me a coconut, I'll give you a banana."

"Da, ti mi daš kokosov orah, ja ti dam bananu."

That can work.

To može proći.

But, you give me a worthless piece of paper

Ali, ti mi daš bezvrijedni komad papira

and you except me to give you a banana?

i očekuješ da ti ja dam bananu?

No way!

Nema šanse!

What do you think I am, a human?

Za što me držiš, za čovjeka?

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Money, in fact, is the most successful story

Novac, zapravo, je najuspješnija priča

koju su ljudi ikad izmislili i ispričali,

ever invented and told by humans,

because it is the only story everybody believes.

jer to je jedina priča u koju svi vjeruju.

Not everybody believes in God,

Svatko ne vjeruje u Boga,

not everybody believes in human rights,

svatko ne vjeruje u ljudska prava,

not everybody believes in nationalism,

svatko ne vjeruje u nacionalizam,

but everybody believes in money, and in the dollar bill.

ali svatko vjeruje u novac, i u novčanicu dolara.

Take, even, Osama Bin Laden.

Uzmite, čak, Osamu Bin Ladena.

He hated American politics and American religion

Mrzio je Američku politiku i Američku religiju

and American culture,

i Američku kulturu,

but he had no objection to American dollars.

ali nije imao prigovora na Američke dolare.

He was quite fond of them, actually.

Jako im je bio privržen, zapravo.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Zaključak:

To conclude, then:

We humans control the world because we live in a dual reality.

Mi ljudi kontroliramo svijet jer živimo u dvojnoj stvarnosti.

All other animals live in an objective reality.

Sve druge životinje žive u objektivnoj stvarnosti.

Their reality consists of objective entities,

Njihova se stvarnost sastoji od objektivnih entiteta,

like rivers and trees and lions and elephants.

poput rijeka i drveća i lavova i slonova.

Mi ljudi, mi također živimo u objektivnoj stvarnosti.

We humans, we also live in an objective reality.

In our world, too, there are rivers and trees and lions and elephants.

U našem svijetu također postoje rijeke i drveće i lavovi i slonovi.

But over the centuries,

Ali kroz stoljeća,

we have constructed on top of this objective reality

sagradili smo povrh te objektivne stvarnosti

drugi sloj izmišljene stvarnosti,

a second layer of fictional reality,

a reality made of fictional entities,

stvarnosti sastavljene od izmišljenih entiteta,

poput nacija, poput bogova, poput novca, poput korporacija.

like nations, like gods, like money, like corporations.

And what is amazing is that as history unfolded,

A što je zapanjujuće je kako je tijekom razvoja povijesti

ta izmišljena stvarnost postajala sve moćnija i moćnija

this fictional reality became more and more powerful

so that today, the most powerful forces in the world

tako da danas, najmoćnije sile u svijetu su

ti izmišljeni entiteti.

are these fictional entities.

Today, the very survival of rivers and trees and lions and elephants

Danas, samo preživljavanje rijeka i drveća i lavova i slonova

depends on the decisions and wishes of fictional entities,

ovisi o odlukama i željama izmišljenih entiteta,

like the United States, like Google, like the World Bank --

poput Sjedinjenih država, poput Googla, poput Svjetske banke --

entities that exist only in our own imagination.

entiteta koji postoje samo u našoj mašti.

Thank you.

Hvala Vam.

(Pljesak)

(Applause)

Bruno Giussani: Yuval, you have a new book out.

Bruno Giussani: Yuval, izašla ti je nova knjiga.

After Sapiens, you wrote another one,

Nakon Sapiensa, napisao si i drugu,

and it's out in Hebrew, but not yet translated into ...

koja je izašla na Hebrejskom, ali još nije prevedena na ...

Yuval Noah Harari: I'm working on the translation as we speak.

Yuval Noah Harari: Upravo radim na prijevodu.

BG: In the book, if I understand it correctly,

BG: U knjizi, ako sam shvatio ispravno,

tvrdiš kako zapanjujući proboji kroz koje upravo prolazimo

you argue that the amazing breakthroughs that we are experiencing right now

not only will potentially make our lives better,

neće samo moguće učiniti naše živote boljima,

nego će i stvoriti -- citiram te --

but they will create -- and I quote you --

"... new classes and new class struggles, just as the industrial revolution did."

"... nove klase i nove klasne borbe, baš kako ih je stvorila i industrijska revolucija."

Can you elaborate for us?

Možeš li nam pojasniti?

YNH: Yes. In the industrial revolution,

YNH: Da. U industrijskoj revoluciji,

we saw the creation of a new class of the urban proletariat.

vidjeli smo stvaranje nove klase urbanog proleterijata.

And much of the political and social history of the last 200 years involved

I puno političke i društvene povijesti zadnjih 200 godina bavi se

what to do with this class, and the new problems and opportunities.

što činiti s tom klasom, i novim problemima i prilikama.

Now, we see the creation of a new massive class of useless people.

Sad, vidimo stvaranje nove masivne klase beskorisnih ljudi.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Kako računala postaju bolja i bolja u više i više područja,

As computers become better and better in more and more fields,

there is a distinct possibility that computers will out-perform us

postoji izrazita mogućnost kako će nas računala nadmašiti

in most tasks and will make humans redundant.

u većini zadataka te učiniti ljude suvišnima.

And then the big political and economic question

A onda će veliko političko i ekonomsko pitanje

of the 21st century will be,

21. stoljeća biti:

"Za što trebamo ljude?",

"What do we need humans for?",

or at least, "What do we need so many humans for?"

ili barem: "Za što trebamo toliko ljudi?"

BG: Do you have an answer in the book?

BG: Imaš li odgovor u knjizi?

YNH: Trenutno, najbolje je nagađanje kako ih trebamo držati sretnima

YNH: At present, the best guess we have is to keep them happy

with drugs and computer games ...

pomoću droge i video igara ...

(Smijeh)

(Laughter)

Ali to ne zvuči kao jako privlačna budućnost.

but this doesn't sound like a very appealing future.

BG: Ok, so you're basically saying in the book and now,

BG: Ok, dakle ti u biti tvrdiš u knjizi i sada,

kako uz svu raspravu oko rastućih dokaza

that for all the discussion about the growing evidence

of significant economic inequality, we are just kind of at the beginning

o značajnoj ekonomskoj nejednakosti, mi smo tek nekako na početku

of the process?

procesa?

YNH: Again, it's not a prophecy;

YNH: Ponovo, to nije proročanstvo;

it's seeing all kinds of possibilities before us.

to je gledanje svakakvih mogućnosti pred nama.

One possibility is this creation of a new massive class of useless people.

Jedna je mogućnost to stvaranje nove masivne klase beskorisnih ljudi.

Another possibility is the division of humankind

Druga je mogućnost podjela čovječanstva

into different biological castes,

u različite biološke kaste,

with the rich being upgraded into virtual gods,

gdje se bogati dograđuju u prividne bogove,

and the poor being degraded to this level of useless people.

a siromašni snizuju do te razine beskorisnih ljudi.

BG: I feel there is another TED talk coming up in a year or two.

BG: Osjećam kako nam novi TED talk dolazi za godinu ili dvije.

Thank you, Yuval, for making the trip.

Hvala ti, Yuval, što si doputovao.

YNH: Thanks!

YNH: Hvala!

(Applause)

(Pljesak)