Build a tower, build a team | Tom Wujec

2,539,289 views ใƒป 2010-04-22

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Anwar Dafa-Alla ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Mahmoud Aghiorly
00:16
Several years ago here at TED, Peter Skillman
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ู‚ุจู„ ุนุฏุฉ ุณู†ูˆุงุชุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุชูŠุฏุŒ ู‚ุฏู‘ู… ุจูŠุชุฑ ุณูƒูŠู„ู…ุงู†
00:18
introduced a design challenge
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ู…ู†ุงูุณุฉ ุชุตู…ูŠู…
00:20
called the marshmallow challenge.
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ุชุณู…ู‰ ู…ู†ุงูุณุฉ ุญู„ูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงุฑุด ู…ุงู„ูˆ.
00:22
And the idea's pretty simple:
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ูˆุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุบุงูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุณุงุทุฉ.
00:24
Teams of four have to build the tallest free-standing structure
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ูุฑูŠู‚ ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ู…ู† ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠุจู†ูŠ ุฃุทูˆู„ ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู…
00:26
out of 20 sticks of spaghetti,
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ู…ู† 20 ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงูƒุฑูˆู†ุฉุŒ
00:28
one yard of tape, one yard of string
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ูˆุดุฑูŠุท ุจุทูˆู„ ูŠุงุฑุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุญุจู„ ุจุทูˆู„ ูŠุงุฑุฏุฉ
00:30
and a marshmallow.
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ูˆุญู„ูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงุฑุด ู…ุงู„ูˆ.
00:32
The marshmallow has to be on top.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฑุด ู…ุงู„ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ู…ุฉ.
00:34
And, though it seems really simple, it's actually pretty hard
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ูˆุฑุบู…ุงู‹ ุนู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุจุฏูˆ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉุŒ ุฅู„ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุตุนุจุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉุŒ
00:37
because it forces people
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุฌุจุฑ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
00:39
to collaborate very quickly.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุงูˆู† ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹.
00:41
And so, I thought this was an interesting idea,
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ู„ุฐุง ูู‚ุฏ ููƒุฑุช ุจุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ููƒุฑุฉ ู…ุซูŠุฑุฉุŒ
00:43
and I incorporated it into a design workshop.
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ูˆู‚ู…ุช ุจุชุถู…ูŠู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ูˆุฑุดุฉ ุนู…ู„ ู„ู„ุชุตู…ูŠู….
00:46
And it was a huge success.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ู†ุฌุงุญุงู‹ ุจุงู‡ุฑุงู‹.
00:48
And since then, I've conducted
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ูˆู…ู†ุฐ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู‚ู…ุช ุจุนู‚ุฏ
00:50
about 70 design workshops across the world
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ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 70 ูˆุฑุดุฉ ุนู…ู„ ู„ู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
00:52
with students and designers and architects,
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ู…ุน ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตู…ู…ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุนู…ุงุฑูŠูŠู†ุŒ
00:54
even the CTOs of the Fortune 50,
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ูˆุญุชู‰ ู…ุน ู…ุฏุฑุงุก ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุดุฑูƒุฉุŒ
00:57
and there's something about this exercise
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุดุฆ ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู†
00:59
that reveals very deep lessons
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠูƒุดู ุนู† ุฏุฑุณ ุจุงู„ุบ ุงู„ุนู…ู‚
01:01
about the nature of collaboration,
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ุญูˆู„ ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุชุนุงูˆู†ุŒ
01:03
and I'd like to share some of them with you.
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ูˆุฃุฑุบุจ ููŠ ุชู‚ุงุณู… ุจุนุถ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ุนูƒู….
01:05
So, normally, most people begin
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉุŒ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
01:08
by orienting themselves to the task.
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ุจุชูˆุฌูŠู‡ ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู… ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ.
01:11
They talk about it, they figure out what it's going to look like,
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ูŠุชุญุฏุซูˆู† ุนู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆูŠุชุนุฑููˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูŠู ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ู‡ุงุŒ
01:14
they jockey for power.
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ูˆูŠุชู†ุงูุณูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููˆุฒุŒ
01:16
Then they spend some time planning, organizing,
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ุซู… ูŠู‚ุถูˆู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฎุทูŠุทุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุธูŠู….
01:18
they sketch and they lay out spaghetti.
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุฑุณู…ูˆู† ูˆูŠุฎุทุทูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุฑูˆู†ุฉ
01:21
They spend the majority of their time
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ูˆูŠู‚ุถูˆู† ู…ุนุธู… ูˆู‚ุชู‡ู…
01:23
assembling the sticks into ever-growing structures.
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ููŠ ุชุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุนุตู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุชู†ุงู…ูŠุฉ
01:26
And then finally, just as they're running out of time,
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ุซู… ุฃุฎูŠุฑุงู‹ุŒ ูŠู†ูุฐ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุŒ
01:29
someone takes out the marshmallow,
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ูŠุฃุฎุฐ ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ุญู„ูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงุฑุด ู…ุงู„ูˆุŒ
01:31
and then they gingerly put it on top,
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ุซู… ูŠุถุนู‡ุง ุจุญุฐุฑ ุดุฏูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ู…ุฉุŒ
01:34
and then they stand back, and -- ta-da! --
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ุซู… ูŠุชุฑุงุฌุนูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุกุŒ ูˆ " ุชุงุฏุงุง"!
01:37
they admire their work.
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ูˆูŠุซู…ู†ูˆู† ุนู…ู„ู‡ู….
01:39
But what really happens, most of the time,
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ู„ูƒู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซุŒ ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู‚ุงุชุŒ
01:41
is that the "ta-da" turns into an "uh-oh,"
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ "ุชุงุฏุงุง" ุชุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ " ุฃูˆ-ู‡ูˆุŒ"
01:44
because the weight of the marshmallow causes the entire structure
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ู„ุฃู† ูˆุฒู† ุญู„ูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงุฑุด ู…ุงู„ูˆ ุชุชุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฅู„ุชูˆุงุก
01:46
to buckle and to collapse.
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ุงู„ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ูˆุฅู†ู‡ูŠุงุฑู‡.
01:48
So there are a number of people
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ู„ุฐุง ูู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
01:50
who have a lot more "uh-oh" moments than others,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู„ุญุธุงุช "ุฃูˆ-ู‡ูˆ" ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู‚ูŠุฉุŒ
01:53
and among the worst are recent graduates of business school.
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ูˆู…ู† ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฎุฑูŠุฌูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุฌูุฏุฏ ู…ู† ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู„.
01:56
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
01:59
They lie, they cheat, they get distracted
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠูƒุฐุจูˆู†ุŒ ูŠุบุดูˆู†ุŒ ูˆูŠู†ุตุฑู ุฅู†ุชุจุงู‡ู‡ู…ุŒ
02:02
and they produce really lame structures.
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ูˆูŠู†ุชุฌูˆู† ู‡ูŠุงูƒู„ ุนุฑุฌุงุก ุญู‚ุงู‹.
02:04
And of course there are teams
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ูˆุจุงู„ุทุจุน ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูุฑู‚
02:06
that have a lot more "ta-da" structures,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ู„ุญุธุงุช ู‡ูŠุงูƒู„ "ุชุงุฏุงุง"ุŒ
02:08
and among the best are recent graduates of kindergarten.
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ูˆุงู„ุฃูุถู„ ุถู…ู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฎุฑูŠุฌูˆู† ุงู„ุฌูุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุฑูŠุงุถ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„.
02:11
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
02:13
And it's pretty amazing.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุดุฆ ุฑุงุฆุน ุญู‚ุงู‹.
02:15
As Peter tells us,
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ูƒู…ุง ูŠุฎุจุฑู†ุง ุจูŠุชุฑุŒ
02:17
not only do they produce the tallest structures,
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ู„ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ูู‚ุท ุจุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุฃุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุงูƒู„ุŒ
02:19
but they're the most interesting structures of them all.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุงูƒู„ ุฅุซุงุฑุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน.
02:22
So the question you want to ask is:
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ ูุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุฑุบุจ ุจุทุฑุญู‡ ู‡ูˆ:
02:24
How come? Why? What is it about them?
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ูƒูŠูุŸ ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ูˆู…ุงุฐุง ุนู†ู‡ู…ุŸ
02:26
And Peter likes to say that
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ูˆูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุฑ ู…ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ุŒ
02:28
none of the kids spend any time
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" ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ู† ูŠู‚ุถูŠ ุฃูŠ ูˆู‚ุช
02:30
trying to be CEO of Spaghetti, Inc. Right?
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ููŠ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุฃู† ูŠุตุจุญ ู…ุฏูŠุฑุงู‹ ุชู†ููŠุฐูŠุงู‹ ู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุงูƒุฑูˆู†ุฉ." ุตุญูŠุญ.
02:33
They don't spend time jockeying for power.
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ูˆู„ุง ูŠู‚ุถูˆู† ูˆู‚ุชุงู‹ ููŠ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ุงูุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุฉ.
02:35
But there's another reason as well.
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ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุณุจุจ ุขุฎุฑ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹.
02:37
And the reason is that business students are trained
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ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุทู„ุงุจ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ู…ุชุฏุฑุจูˆู†
02:39
to find the single right plan, right?
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ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹.
02:42
And then they execute on it.
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ุซู… ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุชุทุจูŠู‚ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูƒู„.
02:44
And then what happens is, when they put the marshmallow on the top,
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ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุถุนูˆู† ุญู„ูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงุฑุด ู…ุงู„ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ู…ุฉุŒ
02:46
they run out of time and what happens?
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ูŠู†ูุฐ ูˆู‚ุชู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซุŸ
02:48
It's a crisis.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฃุฒู…ุฉ.
02:50
Sound familiar? Right.
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ุชุจุฏูˆ ู…ุฃู„ูˆูุงู‹ุŸ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ.
02:53
What kindergarteners do differently
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ูˆู…ุง ูŠูุนู„ู‡ ุชู„ุงู…ูŠุฐ ุฑูŠุงุถ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ
02:55
is that they start with the marshmallow,
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุจุฏุฃูˆู† ุจุญู„ูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงุฑุด ู…ุงู„ูˆุŒ
02:57
and they build prototypes, successive prototypes,
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ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุจู†ุงุก ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ู…ุชุชุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ
03:00
always keeping the marshmallow on top,
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ูˆุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ูŠุจู‚ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงุฑุด ู…ุงู„ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ู…ุฉุŒ
03:02
so they have multiple times to fix when they build prototypes along the way.
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ู„ุฐุง ูู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุงุช ู„ุฅุตู„ุงุญ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ุจุฅุนุชู„ุงู„ ุทูˆุงู„ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚.
03:05
Designers recognize this type of collaboration
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ู„ุฐุง ูุงู„ู…ุตู…ู…ูˆู† ูŠุนุฑููˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุนุงูˆู†
03:08
as the essence of the iterative process.
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ูƒุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุฌูˆู‡ุฑูŠุฉ.
03:11
And with each version, kids get instant feedback
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ูˆู…ุน ูƒู„ ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌุŒ ูŠุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุฑุฏูˆุฏ ุฃูุนุงู„ ููˆุฑูŠุฉ
03:13
about what works and what doesn't work.
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ุญูˆู„ ุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ูˆู…ุง ู„ู… ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡.
03:16
So the capacity to play in prototype is really essential,
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ ูุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ุนุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ูุนู„ุงู‹ุŒ
03:19
but let's look at how different teams perform.
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ู„ูƒู† ู„ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูŠู ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ.
03:22
So the average for most people is around 20 inches;
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ ูู…ุชูˆุณุท ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‡ูˆ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 20 ุจูˆุตุฉุŒ
03:25
business schools students, about half of that;
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ุทู„ุงุจ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู„ุŒ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ู†ุตู ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
03:27
lawyers, a little better, but not much better than that,
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ุงู„ู…ุญุงู…ูˆู†ุŒ ุฃูุถู„ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ุฃูุถู„ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุนู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
03:30
kindergarteners, better than most adults.
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ุชู„ุงู…ูŠุฐ ุฑูŠุงุถ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ ุฃูุถู„ ู…ู† ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุจุงู„ุบูŠู†.
03:32
Who does the very best?
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ู…ู† ู‡ูˆ ุฃูุถู„ ุงู„ูุงุนู„ูŠู†ุŸ
03:34
Architects and engineers, thankfully.
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ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูˆู† ูˆุงู„ู…ุนู…ุงุฑูŠูˆู†ุŒ ุจุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡.
03:37
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
03:42
Thirty-nine inches is the tallest structure I've seen.
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ุฃุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฑุฃูŠุชู‡ุง ุจู„ุบ 39 ุจูˆุตุฉ.
03:45
And why is it? Because they understand triangles
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ูˆู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠูู‡ู…ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซุงุช
03:48
and self-reinforcing geometrical patterns
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ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ู…ุงุท ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนูŠุฏ ุถุจุท ู†ูุณู‡ุง
03:50
are the key to building
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูุชุงุญ ุจู†ุงุก
03:52
stable structures.
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ู‡ูŠุงูƒู„ ู…ุณุชู‚ุฑุฉ.
03:54
So CEOs, a little bit better than average,
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ู„ุฐุง ูุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุงุก ุงู„ุชู†ููŠุฐูŠูˆู†ุŒ ุฃูุถู„ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุณุท.
03:57
but here's where it gets interesting.
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ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ุญูŠุซ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ุซูŠุฑุงู‹.
03:59
If you put you put an executive admin. on the team,
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ุฅุฐุง ูˆุถุนุช ู…ุฏูŠุฑุงู‹ ุชู†ููŠุฐูŠุงู‹. ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ุŒ
04:01
they get significantly better.
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ูŠุชุญุณู† ุฃุฏุงุคู‡ู… ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธุฉ.
04:03
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
04:06
It's incredible. You know, you look around, you go, "Oh, that team's going to win."
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ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุฐู‡ู„. ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ุชู†ุธุฑูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุฑุŒ ูˆุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆู†ุŒ" ุฃูˆู‡ุŒ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ุณูŠููˆุฒ."
04:08
You can just tell beforehand. And why is that?
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุณุจู‚ุงู‹. ูˆู„ู… ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฐู„ูƒุŸ
04:10
Because they have special skills
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ู„ุฃู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช ุฎุงุตุฉ
04:12
of facilitation.
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ู„ู„ุชุณูŠูŠุฑ.
04:14
They manage the process, they understand the process.
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠู†ุธู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูŠูู‡ู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ.
04:16
And any team who manages
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ูˆุฃูŠ ูุฑูŠู‚ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุชู†ุธูŠู…
04:18
and pays close attention to work
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ูˆูŠูˆู„ูŠ ุฅู‡ุชู…ุงู… ุดุฏูŠุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู„
04:21
will significantly improve the team's performance.
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ุณูŠุชุญุณู† ุจุดุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุฏุงุกุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚.
04:24
Specialized skills and facilitation skills
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ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุฎุตุตุฉ ูˆู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุชุณูŠูŠุฑุŒ
04:27
are the combination that leads to strong success.
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ูˆุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‚ูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุฌุงุญ ุณุงุญู‚.
04:30
If you have 10 teams that typically perform,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ 10 ูุฑู‚ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุชู†ุงูุณุŒ
04:32
you'll get maybe six or so that have standing structures.
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ูุฃู†ุช ุณุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุจู…ุง ุณุชุฉ ุฃูˆ ุดุฆ ูƒู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุตุจุฉ.
04:34
And I tried something interesting.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุญุงูˆู„ุช ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ ู…ุซูŠุฑุงู‹.
04:36
I thought, let's up the ante, once.
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ููƒุฑุชุŒ ู„ุฃูุนู„ู‡ุง ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ.
04:39
So I offered a 10,000 dollar prize of software to the winning team.
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ู„ุฐุง ูู‚ุฏ ุนุฑุถุช ุฌุงุฆุฒุฉ ู‚ุฏุฑู‡ุง 10ุŒ000 ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌูŠุงุช ู„ู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ูุงุฆุฒ.
04:42
So what do you think happened to these design students?
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ ุญุฏุซ ู„ุชุตุงู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ
04:45
What was the result?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉุŸ
04:48
Here's what happened:
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ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ุญุฏุซ.
04:50
Not one team had a standing structure.
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ู„ู… ูŠู†ุฌุญ ุญุชู‰ ูุฑูŠู‚ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุฅูŠู‚ุงู ุงู„ู‡ูŠูƒู„.
04:54
If anyone had built, say, a one inch structure,
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ุฅุฐุง ุจู†ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ุŒ ู„ู†ู‚ู„ุŒ ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ุจุทูˆู„ ุจูˆุตุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ
04:57
they would have taken home the prize.
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ู„ูƒุงู† ุจู…ุณุชุทุงุนู‡ ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุฌุงุฆุฒุฉ ู…ุนู‡.
04:59
So, isn't that interesting? That high stakes
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุซูŠุฑุงู‹ ุจุฃู† ุงู„ุฑู‡ุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ
05:01
have a strong impact.
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ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ู‚ูˆูŠ.
05:03
We did the exercise again with the same students.
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ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ู…ุฌุฏุฏุงู‹ ู…ุน ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ.
05:05
What do you think happened then?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุธู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุญุฏุซ ุนู†ุฏุฆุฐุŸ
05:07
So now they understand the value of prototyping.
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ ุงู„ุขู† ูู‡ู…ูˆุง ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠ.
05:13
So the same team went from being the very worst
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ู„ุฐุง ูู†ูุณ ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ุชู‚ุฏู… ู…ู† ูƒูˆู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฃ
05:15
to being among the very best.
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ู„ูŠุตุจุญ ุถู…ู† ุฃูุถู„ ุงู„ูุฑู‚.
05:17
They produced the tallest structures in the least amount of time.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุตู†ุนูˆุง ุฃุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุชุงุญ.
05:20
So there's deep lessons for us
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ ูู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฏุฑุณุงู‹ ุจู„ูŠุบุงู‹ ู„ู†ุง
05:22
about the nature of incentives and success.
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ุญูˆู„ ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุญูˆุงูุฒ ูˆุงู„ู†ุฌุงุญ.
05:25
So, you might ask: Why would anyone
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ุŒ ุฑุจู…ุง ุชุณุฃู„ูˆุง: ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠู‚ุถูŠ
05:27
actually spend time writing a marshmallow challenge?
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ุฃูŠ ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ููŠ ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ู…ู†ุงูุณุฉ ุญู„ูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงุฑุด ู…ุงู„ูˆุŸ
05:30
And the reason is, I help create
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ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ู‡ูˆุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุฅู†ุดุงุก
05:32
digital tools and processes
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ู…ุนุฏุงุช ุฑู‚ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช
05:34
to help teams build cars and video games
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ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ููŠ ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ูˆุฃู„ุนุงุจ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ
05:36
and visual effects.
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ูˆู…ุคุซุฑุงุช ู…ุฑุฆูŠุฉ.
05:38
And what the marshmallow challenge does
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ูˆู…ุง ุชูุนู„ู‡ ู…ู†ุงูุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุฑุด ู…ุงู„ูˆ
05:40
is it helps them identify the hidden assumptions.
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ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุณุงุนุฏู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅูุชุฑุงุถุงุช ุงู„ุฎููŠุฉ.
05:43
Because, frankly,
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุŒ ุจูƒู„ ุตุฑุงุญุฉุŒ
05:45
every project has its own marshmallow, doesn't it?
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ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุงุฑุด ู…ุงู„ูˆ ุฎุงุตุชู‡ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ.
05:48
The challenge provides a shared experience,
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ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠ ูŠู‚ุฏู… ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉุŒ
05:50
a common language,
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ู„ุบุฉ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉุŒ
05:52
a common stance to build the right prototype.
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ู…ูˆู‚ู ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ู„ู†ุจุงุก ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ.
05:54
And so, this is the value of the experience,
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ูˆู„ุฐุงุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑุจุฉุŒ
05:56
of this so simple exercise.
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ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุจุณูŠุท.
05:58
And those of you who are interested
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ูˆู„ุฃุคู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ุฑุงุบุจูŠู† ู…ู†ูƒู…ุŒ
06:00
may want to go to MarshmallowChallenge.com.
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ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠุฑุบุจูˆู† ููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฑุฉ marshmallowchallenge.com
06:02
It's a blog that you can look at
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฏูˆู†ุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
06:04
how to build the marshmallows.
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ู„ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุจู†ุงุก ู…ุงุฑุด ู…ุงู„ูˆ.
06:06
There's step-by-step instructions on this.
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุงุช ุฎุทูˆุฉ ูˆุจุฎุทูˆุฉ ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง.
06:08
There are crazy examples from around the world
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ู…ุฌู†ูˆู†ุฉ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
06:11
of how people tweak and adjust the system.
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ู„ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุถุจุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ู„ู†ุธุงู….
06:13
There's world records that are on this as well.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุฑู‚ู… ู‚ูŠุงุณูŠ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‹ .
06:15
And the fundamental lesson, I believe,
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ูˆุงู„ุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏุŒ
06:17
is that design truly is
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ูˆ
06:19
a contact sport.
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ุฑูŠุงุถุฉ ุชูˆุงุตู„.
06:21
It demands that we bring all of our senses to the task,
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ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุชุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ุง ุชูƒุฑูŠุณ ูƒู„ ุฅู†ุชุจุงู‡ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉุŒ
06:24
and that we apply the very best of our thinking,
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ูˆุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุทุจู‚ ุฃูุถู„ ู…ุงููŠ ุชููƒูŠุฑู†ุงุŒ
06:26
our feeling and our doing
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ู…ุดุงุนุฑู†ุง ูˆูุนู„ู†ุง
06:29
to the challenge that we have at hand.
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุฃูŠุฏูŠู†ุง.
06:31
And sometimes, a little prototype of this experience
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ูˆุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุŒ ุจู†ุงุก ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุฃูˆู„ูŠ ุตุบูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ
06:34
is all that it takes to turn us
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ู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุฃุฎุฐู‡ ู„ูŠู‚ู„ุจ ุญุงู„ู†ุง
06:36
from an "uh-oh" moment to a "ta-da" moment.
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ู…ู† ู„ุญุธุฉ " ุฃูˆ-ู‡ุง" ุฅู„ู‰ ู„ุญุธุฉ "ุชุงุฏุงุง".
06:38
And that can make a big difference.
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฅุญุฏุงุซ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ.
06:40
Thank you very much.
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ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ ุฌุฒูŠู„ุงู‹ ู„ูƒู….
06:42
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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