Build a tower, build a team | Tom Wujec

2,530,981 views ใƒป 2010-04-22

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Ji-Hyuk Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : Sunphil Ga
00:16
Several years ago here at TED, Peter Skillman
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๋ช‡ ๋…„์ „, ํ…Œ๋“œ์—์„œ ํ”ผํ„ฐ ํ‚ฌ๋งจ์€
00:18
introduced a design challenge
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
called the marshmallow challenge.
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๋งˆ์‹œ๋ฉœ๋กœ์šฐ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด์ฃ .
00:22
And the idea's pretty simple:
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๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ๋ฐ์š”.
00:24
Teams of four have to build the tallest free-standing structure
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4๋ช…์ด ํ•œํŒ€์„ ์ด๋ค„์„œ ํƒ‘์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์ด ์Œ“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
out of 20 sticks of spaghetti,
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20๊ฐœ์˜ ์ŠคํŒŒ๊ฒŒํ‹ฐ ๊ตญ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€๋ฝ
00:28
one yard of tape, one yard of string
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์•ฝ 90cm์˜ ํ…Œ์ดํ”„์™€ ์‹ค
00:30
and a marshmallow.
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๋งˆ์‰ฌ๋ฉœ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
The marshmallow has to be on top.
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๋งˆ์‰ฌ๋ฉœ๋กœ์šฐ๋Š” ํƒ‘ ๊ผญ๋ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋†“์•„์•ผํ•˜์ฃ .
00:34
And, though it seems really simple, it's actually pretty hard
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์š”.
00:37
because it forces people
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ํŒ€์›๋“ค์ด
00:39
to collaborate very quickly.
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ˜‘๋™ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
00:41
And so, I thought this was an interesting idea,
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์•„๋ฌดํŠผ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„
00:43
and I incorporated it into a design workshop.
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๋””์ž์ธ ์›Œํฌ์ƒพ์—์„œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
And it was a huge success.
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์•„์ฃผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์  ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
00:48
And since then, I've conducted
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ
00:50
about 70 design workshops across the world
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70์—ฌ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์›Œํฌ์ƒพ์„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณง๊ณง์—์„œ ์—ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
with students and designers and architects,
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ํ•™์ƒ, ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ, ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:54
even the CTOs of the Fortune 50,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ํฌ์ถ˜์ด ์„ ์ •ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—… 50๊ฐœ์‚ฌ์˜ CTO(์ตœ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ค‘์—ญ)๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:57
and there's something about this exercise
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
00:59
that reveals very deep lessons
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ํ˜‘๋™์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
01:01
about the nature of collaboration,
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์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
and I'd like to share some of them with you.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
So, normally, most people begin
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
01:08
by orienting themselves to the task.
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๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋ฉด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ค์ •์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
They talk about it, they figure out what it's going to look like,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:14
they jockey for power.
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ํŒ€์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋„๊ถŒ ๋‹คํˆผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:16
Then they spend some time planning, organizing,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
they sketch and they lay out spaghetti.
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์Šค์ผ€์น˜๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ŠคํŒŒ๊ฒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
They spend the majority of their time
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ํŒ€์›๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„
01:23
assembling the sticks into ever-growing structures.
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์ŠคํŒŒ๊ฒŒํ‹ฐ๋กœ ํƒ‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
And then finally, just as they're running out of time,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋ฉด
01:29
someone takes out the marshmallow,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์‰ฌ๋ฉœ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ง‘์–ด ๋“ค๊ณ 
01:31
and then they gingerly put it on top,
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์•„์ฃผ ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ผญ๋ฐ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
and then they stand back, and -- ta-da! --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋’ค๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•—์‹ธ~ํ•˜๊ณ  ์™ธ์น˜์ฃ .
01:37
they admire their work.
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๊ฐํƒ„ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:39
But what really happens, most of the time,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์ผ์€
01:41
is that the "ta-da" turns into an "uh-oh,"
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"์•—์‹ธ"๊ฐ€ "์œผ์•…" ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:44
because the weight of the marshmallow causes the entire structure
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งˆ์‰ฌ๋ฉœ๋กœ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ „์ฒด ํƒ‘์ด
01:46
to buckle and to collapse.
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๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ ธ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
So there are a number of people
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
01:50
who have a lot more "uh-oh" moments than others,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
and among the worst are recent graduates of business school.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹คํŒจ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์˜๋Œ€ํ•™์›์„ ๋ง‰ ์กธ์—…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:59
They lie, they cheat, they get distracted
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๊พ€๋ถ€๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค์ฃ .
02:02
and they produce really lame structures.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ง ์—‰๋ง์ธ ํƒ‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์š”.
02:04
And of course there are teams
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์–ด๋–ค ํŒ€๋“ค์€
02:06
that have a lot more "ta-da" structures,
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ํƒ‘ ์Œ“๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
and among the best are recent graduates of kindergarten.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒ€์€ ์œ ์น˜์›์„ ๋ง‰ ์กธ์—…ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
02:11
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:13
And it's pretty amazing.
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๋†€๋ž์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ฃ .
02:15
As Peter tells us,
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ํ”ผํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
02:17
not only do they produce the tallest structures,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ํƒ‘์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์„ ๋ฟ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:19
but they're the most interesting structures of them all.
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๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
So the question you want to ask is:
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ๋“ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
How come? Why? What is it about them?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ? ์™œ? ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ํ• ๊นŒ?
02:26
And Peter likes to say that
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ํ”ผํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
none of the kids spend any time
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"์–ด๋–ค ์•„์ด๋“ค๋„ ์ŠคํŒŒ๊ฒŒํ‹ฐํšŒ์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์žฅ์ด
02:30
trying to be CEO of Spaghetti, Inc. Right?
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๋˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค." ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
They don't spend time jockeying for power.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋„๊ถŒ ๋‹คํˆผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
But there's another reason as well.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
And the reason is that business students are trained
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™๋„๋“ค์€ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
02:39
to find the single right plan, right?
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์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
02:42
And then they execute on it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:44
And then what happens is, when they put the marshmallow on the top,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์‰ฌ๋ฉœ๋กœ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ผญ๋ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋†“์—ฌ์งˆ ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์—ˆ์„ ๊นŒ์š”?
02:46
they run out of time and what happens?
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ชจ์ž๋ž€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ ?
02:48
It's a crisis.
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๊ณตํ™ฉ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:50
Sound familiar? Right.
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์™ ์ง€ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜์ฃ ?
02:53
What kindergarteners do differently
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์œ ์น˜์› ์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ž์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:55
is that they start with the marshmallow,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์‰ฌ๋ฉœ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:57
and they build prototypes, successive prototypes,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋ชจ๋ธ์€
03:00
always keeping the marshmallow on top,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋ฉœ๋กœ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๊ผญ๋ฐ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:02
so they have multiple times to fix when they build prototypes along the way.
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ํƒ‘์„ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋งˆ์‰ฌ๋ฉœ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
Designers recognize this type of collaboration
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๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ํ˜‘๋™๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด
03:08
as the essence of the iterative process.
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๋ฐ˜๋ณต์  ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
And with each version, kids get instant feedback
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ํƒ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ต์„ ์–ป์ฃ .
03:13
about what works and what doesn't work.
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์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์Œ“์•„์•ผ์ง€ ํƒ‘์ด ์„œ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ์š”.
03:16
So the capacity to play in prototype is really essential,
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์‹คํ—˜๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด์ฃ .
03:19
but let's look at how different teams perform.
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์ž ์ด์ œ ๊ฐ ํŒ€๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ง€ ๋ณด์ฃ .
03:22
So the average for most people is around 20 inches;
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๋ณดํ†ต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์•ฝ 60cm๋ฅผ ์Œ“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
business schools students, about half of that;
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๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™๋„๋“ค์€ 30com์ •๋„ ์Œ“์ฃ .
03:27
lawyers, a little better, but not much better than that,
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๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ํŽธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
kindergarteners, better than most adults.
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์œ ์น˜์›์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์Œ“๊ตฌ์š”.
03:32
Who does the very best?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ผ ์ž˜์Œ“์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:34
Architects and engineers, thankfully.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณตํ•™๋„๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
03:37
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:42
Thirty-nine inches is the tallest structure I've seen.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ์ œ์ผ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ 1๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
And why is it? Because they understand triangles
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”? ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜•๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
03:48
and self-reinforcing geometrical patterns
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๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋“ค์„ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
are the key to building
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์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:52
stable structures.
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด์ฃ .
03:54
So CEOs, a little bit better than average,
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์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž๋“ค์€ ํ‰๊ท ๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋†’์ด ์Œ“์•˜๋„ค์š”.
03:57
but here's where it gets interesting.
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
03:59
If you put you put an executive admin. on the team,
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๋งŒ์ผ ํŒ€์— ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋น„์„œ๋ฅผ ๋’€๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:01
they get significantly better.
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๋” ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:03
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:06
It's incredible. You know, you look around, you go, "Oh, that team's going to win."
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์ €ํŒ€์ด ์šฐ์Šนํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:08
You can just tell beforehand. And why is that?
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๋๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ . ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
04:10
Because they have special skills
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”
04:12
of facilitation.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
They manage the process, they understand the process.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ•ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:16
And any team who manages
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์–ด๋Š ํŒ€์ด๋˜ ๊ฐ„์—
04:18
and pays close attention to work
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์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š”
04:21
will significantly improve the team's performance.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
Specialized skills and facilitation skills
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์ „๋ฌธ์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ จํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
04:27
are the combination that leads to strong success.
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์„ฑ๊ณต์˜ ์ง€๋ฆ„๊ธธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
If you have 10 teams that typically perform,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 10ํŒ€์ด ์‹œํ•ฉ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด,
04:32
you'll get maybe six or so that have standing structures.
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6๊ฐœํŒ€ ์ •๋„์˜ ํƒ‘์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž˜ ์„œ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
And I tried something interesting.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
I thought, let's up the ante, once.
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ํฌ์ƒ๊ธˆ์„ ์ค˜๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:39
So I offered a 10,000 dollar prize of software to the winning team.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ 1๋“ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฒœ๋งŒ์›์˜ ์ƒ๊ธˆ์„ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
So what do you think happened to these design students?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊นŒ์š”?
04:45
What was the result?
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ ?
04:48
Here's what happened:
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
Not one team had a standing structure.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ํƒ‘์„ ์Œ“์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
If anyone had built, say, a one inch structure,
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์•„๋งˆ 3์„ผ์น˜๋ผ๋„ ํƒ‘์„ ์Œ“์€ ํŒ€์ด์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:57
they would have taken home the prize.
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๊ทธ ํŒ€์€ 1000๋งŒ์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:59
So, isn't that interesting? That high stakes
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ํฐ ์ƒ์ด ํ˜‘๋™์ž‘์—…์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
05:01
have a strong impact.
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
05:03
We did the exercise again with the same students.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
What do you think happened then?
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์–ด๋–ค์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:07
So now they understand the value of prototyping.
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹คํ—˜๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:13
So the same team went from being the very worst
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŒ€๋“ค์ด ์ตœ์•…์˜ ํŒ€์—์„œ
05:15
to being among the very best.
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์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ํŒ€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:17
They produced the tallest structures in the least amount of time.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์งฆ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ํƒ‘์„ ์Œ“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
So there's deep lessons for us
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์ด ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผํ•  ์ ์€
05:22
about the nature of incentives and success.
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ํฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
So, you might ask: Why would anyone
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์™œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
05:27
actually spend time writing a marshmallow challenge?
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์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„๊นŒ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:30
And the reason is, I help create
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
digital tools and processes
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์ €๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
05:34
to help teams build cars and video games
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์„œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ,๋น„๋””์˜ค๊ฒŒ์ž„,ํŠน์ˆ˜ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ
05:36
and visual effects.
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๋„์™€์ฃผ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:38
And what the marshmallow challenge does
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๋งˆ์‰ฌ๋ฉœ๋กœ์šฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
05:40
is it helps them identify the hidden assumptions.
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์ˆจ์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
Because, frankly,
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
05:45
every project has its own marshmallow, doesn't it?
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๊ฐ ์ž‘์—…๋“ค์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ๋งˆ์‰ฌ๋ฉœ๋กœ์šฐ(์ง€ํ˜œ)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
The challenge provides a shared experience,
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๋งˆ์‰ฌ๋ง๋กœ์šฐ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„
05:50
a common language,
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์ผ์ƒ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ 
05:52
a common stance to build the right prototype.
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์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
And so, this is the value of the experience,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•ด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ์–ป๋Š”
05:56
of this so simple exercise.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
And those of you who are interested
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๋งˆ์‰ฌ๋ฉœ๋กœ์šฐ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋” ์•Œ๊ณ ์‹ถ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด,
06:00
may want to go to MarshmallowChallenge.com.
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marshmallowchallenge.com์— ๊ฐ€๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
It's a blog that you can look at
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๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ ์ธ๋ฐ์š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์Œ“์•„์•ผํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
06:04
how to build the marshmallows.
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์ž˜ ๋‚˜์™€์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
There's step-by-step instructions on this.
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์ž์„ธํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:08
There are crazy examples from around the world
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
of how people tweak and adjust the system.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณ€์น™์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
06:13
There's world records that are on this as well.
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์„ธ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ก๋„ ์žˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
06:15
And the fundamental lesson, I believe,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€
06:17
is that design truly is
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๋””์ž์ธ์€ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ
06:19
a contact sport.
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๋ชธ์„ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋”›ํžˆ๋Š” ์šด๋™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
It demands that we bring all of our senses to the task,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ์ž‘์—…์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒํ•˜๊ณ 
06:24
and that we apply the very best of our thinking,
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๋†“์—ฌ์ง„ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•Œ๋งž์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ,
06:26
our feeling and our doing
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๋Š๋‚Œ, ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„
06:29
to the challenge that we have at hand.
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์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:31
And sometimes, a little prototype of this experience
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข…์ข… ๊ทธ ์ž‘์€ ์‹คํ—˜๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ
06:34
is all that it takes to turn us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
06:36
from an "uh-oh" moment to a "ta-da" moment.
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์‹คํŒจ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
And that can make a big difference.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ค์ฃ .
06:40
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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