Build a tower, build a team | Tom Wujec

Prevoditelj: Tilen Pigac - EFZG Recezent: Mislav Ante Omazić - EFZG

Several years ago here at TED, Peter Skillman

Prije nekoliko godina, ovdje na TED-u, Peter Skillman

introduced a design challenge

je predstavio dizajnerski izazov

called the marshmallow challenge.

zvan sljezov izazov.

And the idea's pretty simple:

Ideja je prilično jednostavna.

Teams of four have to build the tallest free-standing structure

Timovi sačinjeni od četiri člana moraju sagraditi najvišu samostojeću strukturu

out of 20 sticks of spaghetti,

koristeći 20 štapića špageta,

one yard of tape, one yard of string

traku dužine 90-ak cm, vrpcu dužine 90-ak cm

and a marshmallow.

i sljez.

The marshmallow has to be on top.

Sljez mora biti na vrhu.

And, though it seems really simple, it's actually pretty hard

I, iako se čini dosta lagano, zapravo je prilično teško,

because it forces people

jer prisiljava ljude

to collaborate very quickly.

da surađuju jako brzo.

And so, I thought this was an interesting idea,

I tako sam ja pomislio kako je to zanimljiva ideja,

and I incorporated it into a design workshop.

koju sam ugradio u dizajnersku radionicu.

And it was a huge success.

I bila je jako uspješna.

And since then, I've conducted

Od tada, izveo sam

about 70 design workshops across the world

oko 70 dizajnerskih radionica po cijelom svijetu

with students and designers and architects,

sa studentima i dizajnerima i arhitektima,

even the CTOs of the Fortune 50,

čak i sa CTO-ima (direktor za tehnologije) unutar Fortune 50,

and there's something about this exercise

i ima nešto u toj vježbi

that reveals very deep lessons

koja otkriva duboke lekcije

about the nature of collaboration,

o prirodi suradnje,

and I'd like to share some of them with you.

a koje bih volio podijeliti sa vama.

So, normally, most people begin

Uobičajeno, većina se ljudi počinje

by orienting themselves to the task.

orijentirati prema zadatku.

They talk about it, they figure out what it's going to look like,

Pričaju o tome, osmišljavaju kako će izgledati,

they jockey for power.

nadmeću se za moć,

Then they spend some time planning, organizing,

zatim provedu neko vrijeme planirajući, organizirajući.

they sketch and they lay out spaghetti.

Skiciraju i polože špagete.

They spend the majority of their time

Većinu svog vremena provedu

assembling the sticks into ever-growing structures.

montirajući štapiće na stalno rastuće strukture

And then finally, just as they're running out of time,

i tada, konačno, kako se približavaju isteku vremena,

someone takes out the marshmallow,

netko uzme sljez

and then they gingerly put it on top,

i nježno ga stave na vrh,

and then they stand back, and -- ta-da! --

odmaknu se par koraka unatrag i Ta-da!,

they admire their work.

dive se svom radu.

But what really happens, most of the time,

Ali ono što se zapravo događa, većinu vremena,

is that the "ta-da" turns into an "uh-oh,"

jest da taj "ta-da" postaje "uh-oh,"

because the weight of the marshmallow causes the entire structure

jer težina sljeza je uzrok što se cijela struktura

to buckle and to collapse.

savije i sruši.

So there are a number of people

Postoji broj ljudi

who have a lot more "uh-oh" moments than others,

koji dožive više "uh-oh" trenutaka nego drugi,

and among the worst are recent graduates of business school.

a među najgorima su nedavno diplomirani studenti poslovnih škola.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

They lie, they cheat, they get distracted

Lažu, varaju, daju se smesti,

and they produce really lame structures.

i grade doista jadne strukture.

And of course there are teams

Naravno, postoje timovi

that have a lot more "ta-da" structures,

koji imaju više "ta-da" struktura,

and among the best are recent graduates of kindergarten.

a među najboljima su nedavno diplomirana djeca iz vrtića.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And it's pretty amazing.

I prilično je nevjerojatno.

As Peter tells us,

Kao što nam Peter govori,

not only do they produce the tallest structures,

ne samo da grade najviše strukture,

but they're the most interesting structures of them all.

već su to najzanimljivije strukture od svih.

So the question you want to ask is:

Stoga pitanje koje želite postaviti glasi:

How come? Why? What is it about them?

Kako to? Zašto? Što to ima u njima?

And Peter likes to say that

Peter voli reći kako

none of the kids spend any time

"Nijedno dijete ne provodi vrijeme

trying to be CEO of Spaghetti, Inc. Right?

pokušavajući biti CEO Špageta Inc." Točno.

They don't spend time jockeying for power.

Ne provode vrijeme nadmečući se za moć.

But there's another reason as well.

Ali, isto tako postoji i drugi razlog.

And the reason is that business students are trained

A razlog je taj što su studenti poslovne ekonomije istrenirani

to find the single right plan, right?

da pronađu jedan točan plan, točno.

And then they execute on it.

Onda ga oni izvršavaju.

And then what happens is, when they put the marshmallow on the top,

A što se onda dogodi jest, kada stave sljez na vrh,

they run out of time and what happens?

nemaju više vremena, i što se dogodi?

It's a crisis.

Nastane kriza.

Sound familiar? Right.

Zvuči poznato? Točno.

What kindergarteners do differently

Ono što djeca iz dječjeg vrtića rade drugačije

is that they start with the marshmallow,

jest da oni počnu sa sljezom,

and they build prototypes, successive prototypes,

i izrađuju prototipove, uspješne prototipove,

always keeping the marshmallow on top,

uvijek zadržavajući sljez na vrhu,

so they have multiple times to fix when they build prototypes along the way.

tako da mogu u više navrata popraviti loše prototipove uz put.

Designers recognize this type of collaboration

Dizajneri su prepoznali takav tip suradnje

as the essence of the iterative process.

kao srž iterativnog procesa.

And with each version, kids get instant feedback

I sa svakom inačicom, djeca dobivaju trenutne povratne informacije

about what works and what doesn't work.

o tome što prolazi, a što ne.

So the capacity to play in prototype is really essential,

Dakle, mogućnost igranja s prototipovima je doista ključna,

but let's look at how different teams perform.

ali pogledajmo kako različiti timovi izvode zadatak.

So the average for most people is around 20 inches;

Za većinu ljudi prosjek je oko 50-ak cm,

business schools students, about half of that;

studenti poslovnih škola, oko polovice od toga,

lawyers, a little better, but not much better than that,

odvjetnici, malo bolje, ali ne puno bolje od toga,

kindergarteners, better than most adults.

djeca iz vrtića, bolje nego većina odraslih.

Who does the very best?

Tko je najbolji u tome?

Architects and engineers, thankfully.

Arhitekti i inžinjeri, srećom.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Thirty-nine inches is the tallest structure I've seen.

100-injak cm je bila visoka najviša struktura koju sam vidio.

And why is it? Because they understand triangles

A zašto je to tako? Zato jer razumiju da su trokuti

and self-reinforcing geometrical patterns

i samo-jačajući geometrijski uzorci

are the key to building

ključni za izgradnju

stable structures.

stabilnih struktura.

So CEOs, a little bit better than average,

Dakle, CEO-ovi, malo bolje od prosjeka.

but here's where it gets interesting.

Ali ovdje tek postaje zanimljivo.

If you put you put an executive admin. on the team,

Ako u tim stavite izvršnog administratora,

they get significantly better.

dolazi do značajnog poboljšanja.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

It's incredible. You know, you look around, you go, "Oh, that team's going to win."

To je nevjerojatno. Znate, kada gledate okolo, i pomislite, "O, taj tim će pobijediti."

You can just tell beforehand. And why is that?

Jednostavno to možete unaprijed reći. A zašto je tome tako?

Because they have special skills

Zato jer imaju posebne vještine

of facilitation.

smanjivanja razine podražaja.

They manage the process, they understand the process.

Upravljaju procesom, razumiju proces.

And any team who manages

I svaki tim koji upravlja

and pays close attention to work

i poklanja veliku pažnju radu

will significantly improve the team's performance.

će značajno poboljšati izvedbu tima.

Specialized skills and facilitation skills

Specijalizirane vještine i vještine smanjivanja razina podražaja

are the combination that leads to strong success.

su kombinacija koja vodi do snažnog uspjeha.

If you have 10 teams that typically perform,

Ukoliko imate 10 timova koji tipično sudjeluju,

you'll get maybe six or so that have standing structures.

od toga ćete dobiti možda šest timova čije strukture stoje.

And I tried something interesting.

I pokušao sam nešto zanimljivo.

I thought, let's up the ante, once.

Pomislio sam da jednom podignemo uloge.

So I offered a 10,000 dollar prize of software to the winning team.

Pa sam ponudio softver u vrijednosti od 10.000 dolara kao nagradu pobjedničkom timu.

So what do you think happened to these design students?

Što mislite što se dogodilo s ovim studentima dizajna?

What was the result?

Koji je bio rezultat toga?

Here's what happened:

Ovo je što se dogodilo.

Not one team had a standing structure.

Nijedan tim nije imao samostojeću strukturu.

If anyone had built, say, a one inch structure,

Kada bi netko sagradio, recimo, strukturu visoku 2,5 cm,

they would have taken home the prize.

mogao bi doma odnijeti nagradu.

So, isn't that interesting? That high stakes

Dakle, nije li zanimljivo kako visoki ulozi

have a strong impact.

imaju snažan utjecaj.

We did the exercise again with the same students.

Ponovili smo vježbu s istim studentima.

What do you think happened then?

Što mislite što se tada dogodilo?

So now they understand the value of prototyping.

Sada razumiju vrijednost izrade prototipova.

So the same team went from being the very worst

Tako je jedan tim koji je bio najgori

to being among the very best.

postao jedan od najboljih.

They produced the tallest structures in the least amount of time.

Izgradili su najveće strukture u najkraćem mogućem vremenu.

So there's deep lessons for us

To je, dakle, duboka lekcija za nas

about the nature of incentives and success.

o prirodi poticaja i uspjeha.

So, you might ask: Why would anyone

Dakle, mogli biste pitati: Zašto bi itko

actually spend time writing a marshmallow challenge?

posvetio svoje vrijeme pisanju "sljezovog izazova"?

And the reason is, I help create

Razlog je taj da pomažem razviti

digital tools and processes

digitalne alate i procese

to help teams build cars and video games

koji pomažu timovima izrađivati automobile i video igre

and visual effects.

i vizualne učinke.

And what the marshmallow challenge does

A ono što sljezov izazov radi

is it helps them identify the hidden assumptions.

jest da im pomaže identificirati skrivene pretpostavke.

Because, frankly,

Jer, iskreno,

every project has its own marshmallow, doesn't it?

svaki projekt ima svoj sljez, zar ne.

The challenge provides a shared experience,

Izazov pruža zajedničko iskustvo,

a common language,

zajednički jezik,

a common stance to build the right prototype.

zajednički stav da se izgradi pravi prototip.

And so, this is the value of the experience,

I dakle, to je vrijednost tog iskustva,

of this so simple exercise.

te jednostavne vježbe.

And those of you who are interested

Za one koji su zainteresirani,

may want to go to MarshmallowChallenge.com.

mogu to pogledati na marshmallowchallenge.com.

It's a blog that you can look at

To je blog na kojem možete gledati

how to build the marshmallows.

kako izgraditi sljez.

There's step-by-step instructions on this.

Postoje korak-po-korak upute o tome.

There are crazy examples from around the world

Postoje ludi primjeri iz cijelog svijeta

of how people tweak and adjust the system.

kako ljudi uštimavaju i prilagođavaju sustav.

There's world records that are on this as well.

Postoje i svjetski rekordi u tome.

And the fundamental lesson, I believe,

Ključna lekcija je, vjerujem,

is that design truly is

kako je dizajn istinski

a contact sport.

kontaktni sport.

It demands that we bring all of our senses to the task,

Zahtjeva od nas da uključimo sva osjetila kod rješavanja zadatka,

and that we apply the very best of our thinking,

i primjenu naših najboljih razmišljanja,

our feeling and our doing

naše osjećaje i naša djela

to the challenge that we have at hand.

u rješavanju izazova koji nam je pri ruci.

And sometimes, a little prototype of this experience

I, ponekad, malen prototip ovog iskustva

is all that it takes to turn us

jest sve što nam treba da prijeđemo

from an "uh-oh" moment to a "ta-da" moment.

od "uh-oh" trenutka do "ta-da" trenutka.

And that can make a big difference.

A to može napraviti razliku.

Thank you very much.

Puno vam hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)