The reporting system that sexual assault survivors want | Jessica Ladd

譯者: Aaron Shoo 審譯者: Shi Yang

Hannah is excited to be going to college.

漢娜對於即將展開的大學生活感到相當興奮，

She couldn't wait to get out of her parents' house,

她迫不及待地想要搬出父母的家，

to prove to them that she's an adult,

好向他們證明她已經是個大人了，

and to prove to her new friends that she belongs.

同時也向新朋友證明，她跟她們是一夥的

She heads to a campus party

她前往參加了一個校園派對，

where she sees a guy that she has a crush on.

在那裡她遇見一個她蠻喜歡的男生

Let's call him Mike.

姑且稱他麥克吧

The next day, Hannah wakes up with a pounding headache.

隔天，漢娜在劇烈的頭痛中醒來，

She can only remember the night in flashes.

她只記得前晚的一些片段

But what she does remember is

但她確實記得的是，

throwing up in the hall outside Mike's room

她在麥克房間外的走廊上嘔吐，

and staring at the wall silently while he was inside her,

在麥克侵犯她時，只能無聲地看著牆面，

希望這一切能停止下來

wanting it to stop,

then shakily stumbling home.

最後她踏著顫抖蹣跚的步伐回家

She doesn't feel good about what happened,

她對於所發生的一切感到非常地不舒服，

but she thinks, "Maybe this is just what sex in college is?"

但她想，「也許這就是所謂大學生的性生活吧」

One in five women and one in 13 men will be sexually assaulted

在美國，每五位女性，或每十三位男性中，

就有一位可能在大學期間受到性侵害

at some point during their college career in the United States.

Less than 10 percent will ever report their assault to their school

然而，只有不到百分之十的人，

會為他們所受到的侵害，向校方或警方通報

or to the police.

And those who do, on average, wait 11 months to make the report.

而那些選擇報案的人，則是平均在案發後十一個月才會通報

Hannah initially just feels like dealing with what happened on her own.

漢娜本來打算把這件事埋在心裡，

But when she sees Mike taking girls home from parties,

但當她看到麥克又從派對上帶了別的女生回家，

she's worried about them.

她開始擔心那些女生

After graduation, Hannah learns

畢業後，漢娜發現到

that she was one of five women who Mike did the exact same thing to.

她是麥克做了同樣事情的五個女生中，其中之一

And this is not an unlikely scenario

而這絕對不是特殊案例，

because 90 percent of sexual assaults

因為有百分之九十的性侵案都是慣犯所為，

are committed by repeat offenders.

But with such low reporting rates,

但是因為報案率相當低，

it's fairly unlikely that even repeat perpetrators will be reported,

看起來就算一再犯案也未必會被舉發，

much less anything happen if they are.

舉發也未必會被起訴。

In fact, only six percent of assaults reported to the police

事實上，通報給警方的性侵案中，

end with the assailant spending a single day in prison.

只有百分之六的加害人最後被關進監獄，

Meaning, there's a 99 percent chance that they'll get away with it.

也就是說，他們有高達百分之九十九的機會可以逍遙法外

This means there's practically no deterrent to assault

換句話說，在美國，完全不能嚇阻侵害的發生

in the United States.

Now, I'm an infectious disease epidemiologist by training.

而我身為一名訓練有素的傳染流行病學家，

I'm interested in systems and networks

我對於如何透過系統和網路，

and where we can concentrate our resources to do the most good.

來讓資源集中進而做最有效率的事感興趣

So this, to me, is a tragic but a solvable problem.

對我來說，這是一個遺憾但可以解決的問題

So when the issue of campus assault started hitting the news a few years ago,

所以在幾年前，當校園性侵議題開始登上頭條時，

it felt like a unique opportunity to make a change.

我感覺這就像是一個改變的契機

And so we did.

而我們也確實把握住了。

We started by talking to college survivors.

我們開始跟當時在校園受害者溝通，

And what they wish they'd had in college is pretty simple;

他們希望之前在大學就有的東西其實非常簡單：

they wanted a website,

他們想要有一個網站，

one they could use at the time and place

一個能讓他們在自己感覺在安全的時間、地點去使用的網站，

that felt safest to them

with clearly written information about their reporting options,

包含清楚的書面資訊，說明有哪些通報選項，

with the ability to electronically report their assault,

讓他們能用電子化程序報案，

rather than having the first step

而不是一開始就去面對跟告訴那些

to go in and talk to someone who may or may not believe them.

可能會，也可能不會相信他的人

With the option to create a secure, timestamped document

透過這樣的選項，能創建一份

安全且帶有時間戳記，紀錄案發經過的文件，

of what happened to them,

preserving evidence even if they don't want to report yet.

就算他們暫時先不想要報案，也能先保存證據。

And lastly, and perhaps most critically,

最後，也可能是最關鍵的一點，

with the ability to report their assault

這網站能夠在當有另一個人也舉報了同樣加害人時，進行回報

only if someone else reported the same assailant.

You see, knowing that you weren't the only one changes everything.

當你知道自己並不是唯一受害者時，這改變了一切，

It changes the way you frame your own experience,

你會改變你對這段經歷的看法，

it changes the way you think about your perpetrator,

會改變你對加害者的想法，

it means that if you do come forward,

也代表著，如果你挺身而出，

you'll have someone else's back and they'll have yours.

你會是某個人的後援，而他們也會是你的支柱

We created a website that actually does this

我們打造了這樣一個網站，

and we launched it [...] in August,

在兩個月前，也就是八月份上架，

on two college campuses.

在兩間大專院校中運作

And we included a unique matching system

其中包含一個特殊的配對系統，

where if Mike's first victim had come forward,

如果當時麥克的第一位受害者出聲，

saved her record, entered into the matching system

保存她的紀錄，輸入進配對系統，

and named Mike,

並把它命名為麥克；

and Mike's second victim had done the same thing

當麥克的第二位受害者也這麼做時，

a few months later,

幾個月後，

they would have matched

資料就會被配對，

and the verified contact information of both survivors

兩位受害者被審核過的聯絡資訊

would have been sent to the authorities at the same time

就會被同時送到授權主管單位，

for investigation and follow up.

進行後續的調查

If a system like this had existed for Hannah and her peers,

如果當時漢娜和她朋友擁有這樣的系統，

it's more likely that they would have reported,

她們就很有可能通報，

that they would have been believed,

而且她們也會被相信，

and that Mike would have been kicked off campus,

那麼麥克也就會被踢出校園，

gone to jail, or at least gotten the help that he needed.

也許進監獄，或是至少受到他需要的輔導協助

And if we were able to stop repeat offenders like Mike

如果我們能阻止像麥克這樣的慣犯，

after just their second assault following a match,

也許能在他犯的第二起案件就配對成功，

survivors like Hannah would never even be assaulted

那麼像漢娜這樣的受害者可能就永遠不會被強暴。

in the first place.

We could prevent 59 percent of sexual assaults

我們可以避免百分之五十九的性侵害案件，

just by stopping repeat perpetrators earlier on.

藉由及時阻止慣犯

And because we're creating a real deterrent to assault,

因為我們正在打造了一個能確實嚇阻侵害的手段，

for perhaps the first time,

或甚至是有史以來的第一次，

maybe the Mikes of the world would never even try to assault anyone.

也許從此以後世上的「麥克們」都不敢去侵犯別人

The type of system I'm describing,

我所描述的系統類型，

the type of system that survivors want

受害者想要的系統類型，

is a type of information escrow,

是一種資訊的信託。

meaning an entity that holds on to information for you

意即有個獨立的單位能幫你保存資訊，

and only releases it to a third party

而且只有在事先同意設定的條件符合下，

when certain pre-agreed upon conditions are met,

才會提供給第三方，

such as a match.

比如說配對成功

The application that we built is for college campuses.

我們打造的這款應用是為大專院校設計

But the same type of system could be used in the military

但同樣類型的系統也可以應用在軍方，

or even the workplace.

或甚至是職場上

We don't have to live in a world

我們不必活在一個

where 99 percent of rapists get away with it.

有百分之九十九的強暴犯逍遙法外的世界，

We can create one

我們能創造一個

where those who do wrong are held accountable,

犯罪者必須承擔負責、

where survivors get the support and justice they deserve,

受害者能夠得到應有援助和正義、

where the authorities get the information they need,

授權主管機關能取得所需資訊、

and where there's a real deterrent

以及能夠有效嚇阻，

to violating the rights of another human being.

任何人的權利被侵害的世界

Thank you.

謝謝。

(掌聲)

(Applause)