Madeleine Albright: On being a woman and a diplomat

119,370 views ・ 2011-02-18

TED


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譯者: Joyce Chou 審譯者: Sunny Kan Ngai Hang
00:15
Pat Mitchell: What is the story of this pin?
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Pat Mitchell:今天您別胸針有什麼意義嗎?
00:17
Madeleine Albright: This is "Breaking the Glass Ceiling."
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Madeleine Albright:這代表打破透明的天花板
00:19
PM: Oh.
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PM:喔
00:22
That was well chosen, I would say, for TEDWomen.
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這真是非常適合TEDWomen的場合
00:25
MA: Most of the time I spend when I get up in the morning
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MA:每天早上起床我大部分的時間花在
00:27
is trying to figure out what is going to happen.
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思考等一下要做的事
00:29
And none of this pin stuff would have happened
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但我從不去想要戴上哪個胸針
00:31
if it hadn't been for Saddam Hussein.
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這起因於Saddam Hussein(前伊拉克總統)
00:33
I'll tell you what happened.
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我跟你說
00:35
I went to the United Nations as an ambassador,
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我擔任大使前往聯合國
00:38
and it was after the Gulf War,
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在波灣戰爭後
00:40
and I was an instructed ambassador.
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我被指派為大使
00:42
And the cease-fire had been translated
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表達停火之意
00:44
into a series of sanctions resolutions,
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在制裁決議上
00:47
and my instructions
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我的用意
00:49
were to say perfectly terrible things about Saddam Hussein constantly,
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是要持續說明Saddam Hussein做的可怕的事
00:52
which he deserved -- he had invaded another country.
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這是他該受到的譴責,他侵略了其他國家
00:55
And so all of a sudden, a poem appeared in the papers in Baghdad
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當時在巴格達的報紙上刊載了一首詩
00:58
comparing me to many things,
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拿我和很多東西比較
01:00
but among them an "unparalleled serpent."
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其中一項就是無敵的蛇
01:03
And so I happened to have a snake pin.
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我剛好有一隻蛇的胸針
01:05
So I wore it when we talked about Iraq.
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我就在談論伊拉克時戴上它
01:07
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:09
And when I went out to meet the press,
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當我出來面對記者的時候
01:11
they zeroed in, said, "Why are you wearing that snake pin?"
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他們對著我,問我"為什麼戴那個蛇的胸針?"
01:13
I said, "Because Saddam Hussein compared me to an unparalleled serpent."
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我說"因為Saddam Hussein把我比喻成一隻無敵的蛇"
01:16
And then I thought, well this is fun.
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那時候我覺得這挺好玩的
01:18
So I went out and I bought a lot of pins
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所以後來我買了很多的胸針
01:21
that would, in fact, reflect
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這事實上反映了
01:23
what I thought we were going to do on any given day.
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當天我覺得我要做的事
01:25
So that's how it all started.
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這就是關於我的胸針的故事
01:27
PM: So how large is the collection?
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PM:所以你大概有多少個胸針?
01:29
MA: Pretty big.
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MA:非常多
01:31
It's now traveling.
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他們現在正在旅行
01:33
At the moment it's in Indianapolis,
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現在這時候他們在印第安納波里
01:35
but it was at the Smithsonian.
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前陣子在史密森博物館
01:37
And it goes with a book that says, "Read My Pins."
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他們跟我的書在一起,書名是《看我的胸針》
01:40
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:42
PM: So is this a good idea.
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PM:你覺得這想法如何?
01:45
I remember when you were the first woman
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我記得當你成為第一位
01:47
as Secretary of State,
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女性的國務卿
01:49
and there was a lot of conversation always
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總是有很多人在談論
01:51
about what you were wearing,
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關於你的穿著
01:53
how you looked --
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你看起來的樣子
01:55
the thing that happens to a lot of women,
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這種事總會發生在很多女人身上
01:57
especially if they're the first in a position.
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特別是他們第一次擔任某種職位
02:00
So how do you feel about that -- the whole --
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你如何看待這件事?
02:03
MA: Well, it's pretty irritating actually
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MA:好吧,這其實很惱人
02:05
because nobody ever describes what a man is wearing.
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因為從沒有人討論過男人的穿著
02:08
But people did pay attention to what clothes I had.
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但大家總愛關注我穿的衣服
02:11
What was interesting was that,
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有趣的是
02:13
before I went up to New York as U.N. ambassador,
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在我到紐約出任聯合國大使前
02:15
I talked to Jeane Kirkpatrick, who'd been ambassador before me,
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我跟Jeane Kirkpatrick聊過,她是前一任的大使
02:18
and she said, "You've got to get rid of your professor clothes.
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她跟我說"你不能再穿那些看起來像是教授的衣服"
02:21
Go out and look like a diplomat."
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"你需要看起來像是外交官"
02:23
So that did give me a lot of opportunities to go shopping.
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所以這讓我有很多機會可以去購物
02:26
But still, there were all kinds of questions
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但仍然還是有很多問題
02:29
about -- "did you wear a hat?" "How short was your skirt?"
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像是你要戴帽子嗎?你的裙子的多長?
02:32
And one of the things --
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還有一件事
02:34
if you remember Condoleezza Rice was at some event and she wore boots,
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如果你還記得Condoleezza Rice在某些場合穿了靴子
02:37
and she got criticized over that.
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而她受到許多批評
02:39
And no guy ever gets criticized. But that's the least of it.
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沒有哪個男人因為穿著受過批評,至少女性也該享有相同的待遇
02:42
PM: It is, for all of us, men and women,
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PM:沒錯,我們,不分男女
02:45
finding our ways of defining our roles,
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要以自己的方式定義自己的角色
02:48
and doing them in ways that make a difference in the world
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用各種方法,讓世界改變
02:51
and shape the future.
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塑造未來
02:53
How did you handle that balance
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你扮演不同角色,你是如何拿捏分寸的?
02:56
between being the tough diplomatic
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要擔任一位強勢的外交官
02:59
and strong voice of this country
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為這個國家
03:02
to the rest of the world
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在面對其他國家時有力的發聲
03:04
and also how you felt about yourself
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以及你覺得自己
03:06
as a mother, a grandmother, nurturing ...
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身為一位母親、或一位祖母去教養家庭
03:09
and so how did you handle that?
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你是怎麼做到的?
03:11
MA: Well the interesting part was I was asked
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MA:要說有趣的部分是有人問我
03:13
what it was like to be the first woman Secretary of State
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成為第一位女性國務卿是什麼感覺
03:15
a few minutes after I'd been named.
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在我被任命為國務卿的幾分鐘後有人這樣問
03:17
And I said, "Well I've been a woman for 60 years,
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我回答說,“我當女人已經60多年了
03:19
but I've only been Secretary of State for a few minutes."
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但我才剛當上國務卿幾分鐘而已"
03:22
So it evolved.
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所以應該會進步的
03:24
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
03:26
But basically I love being a woman.
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不過基本上我喜歡"女人"這個角色
03:28
And so what happened --
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事實上
03:30
and I think there will probably be some people in the audience
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我相信在座的某些人
03:32
that will identify with this --
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應該能認同
03:34
I went to my first meeting, first at the U.N.,
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我第一次到聯合國參加會議
03:37
and that's when this all started,
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事情是這樣發生的
03:39
because that is a very male organization.
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因為那是一個男性主導的機構
03:42
And I'm sitting there -- there are 15 members of the Security Council --
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我坐在那裏,那裏有15個安理會成員國的代表
03:45
so 14 men sat there staring at me,
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所以有14個男人坐在那裏看著我
03:49
and I thought -- well you know how we all are.
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我想,你們應該想的到那畫面
03:51
You want to get the feeling of the room,
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你想要融入那場合
03:53
and "do people like me?"
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讓其他人認同我
03:55
and "will I really say something intelligent?"
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我真的需要說出很有智慧的話嗎?
03:57
And all of a sudden I thought, "Well, wait a minute.
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突然間我想,等等
04:00
I am sitting behind a sign that says 'The United States,'
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我正坐在一個寫著"美國"的牌子的後面
04:03
and if I don't speak today
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如果我今天不說話
04:05
then the voice of the United States will not be heard,"
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那今天美國的意見就不會被聽到了
04:08
and it was the first time that I had that feeling
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那是我第一次有那種感覺
04:10
that I had to step out of myself
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我必須跳脫自我
04:12
in my normal, reluctant female mode
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跳脫我平常被動的女性模式
04:16
and decide that I had to speak on behalf of our country.
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我必須代表我們的國家說話
04:19
And so that happened more at various times,
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之後很多場合都需要這樣表現
04:22
but I really think that there was a great advantage in many ways
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但我真的認為在許多方面
04:26
to being a woman.
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當女人是有很大的優勢
04:28
I think we are a lot better
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我認為我們強過男人
04:30
at personal relationships,
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像在人際關係上
04:32
and then have the capability obviously
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我們明顯地有能力
04:34
of telling it like it is when it's necessary.
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在必要的時候跟別人講事情
04:37
But I have to tell you, I have my youngest granddaughter,
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不過我要跟你們說,我那最小的孫女
04:39
when she turned seven last year,
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去年她剛滿七歲
04:41
said to her mother, my daughter,
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跟她媽媽說,就是我女兒
04:43
"So what's the big deal about Grandma Maddie being Secretary of State?
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"奶奶當上國務卿有什麼大不了的"
04:46
Only girls are Secretary of State."
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"國務卿不都是女的"
04:48
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
04:50
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
04:59
PM: Because in her lifetime -- MA: That would be so.
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PM:那是從她出生後才這樣 (MA:那真的是)
05:03
PM: What a change that is.
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PM:這是一大改變
05:05
As you travel now all over the world,
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當你在世界各地走動的時後
05:08
which you do frequently,
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你經常出國
05:10
how do you assess
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你如何看待
05:12
this global narrative around the story of women and girls?
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全球各地婦女們和女孩們的新聞?
05:15
Where are we?
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我們現在該怎麼看待這些事?
05:17
MA: I think we're slowly changing,
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MA:我想這些慢慢在改變了
05:19
but obviously there are whole pockets
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但顯然也是有很多地方
05:21
in countries where nothing is different.
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是完全沒有改變的
05:23
And therefore it means that we have to remember
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這意味著我們必須記住一件事
05:26
that, while many of us have had huge opportunities --
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雖然我們有很多很大的機會
05:29
and Pat, you have been a real leader in your field --
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Pat,你在你的工作領域裡你是一位很好的領導人
05:32
is that there are a lot of women
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但還是有很多地方很多女性
05:34
that are not capable
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他們沒有能力
05:36
of worrying and taking care of themselves
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注意自己和照顧自己
05:38
and understanding that women have to help other women.
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也沒有意識到女人是可以幫助其他女人的
05:41
And so what I have felt --
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所以我覺得
05:43
and I have looked at this
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我必須關注這件事
05:45
from a national security issue --
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認為這是國家安全的議題
05:47
when I was Secretary of State, I decided
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當我是國務卿的時候,我決定
05:50
that women's issues had to be central to American foreign policy,
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要把女性議題擺在美國外交政策的重心
05:53
not just because I'm a feminist,
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這不是因為我是女性主義者
05:55
but because I believe that societies are better off
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這是因為我認為社會會變得更好
05:59
when women are politically and economically empowered,
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唯有女性在政治和經濟上被賦予權利
06:02
that values are passed down,
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權利下放
06:04
the health situation is better,
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健康醫療改善
06:07
education is better,
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教育改善
06:09
there is greater economic prosperity.
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經濟也會更繁榮
06:11
So I think that it behooves us --
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因此,我認為我們應當
06:14
those of us that live in various countries
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我們和那些女人生活在不同國家
06:17
where we do have economic and political voice --
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在我們的國家,我們在經濟和政治上可以有所作為
06:20
that we need to help other women.
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所以我們必須幫助他們
06:22
And I really dedicated myself to that,
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我真的致力在做這些事
06:24
both at the U.N. and then as Secretary of State.
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不管是在聯合國還是國務卿的工作
06:27
PM: And did you get pushback
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PM:那你有遇到反對的聲音嗎?
06:29
from making that a central tenant of foreign policy?
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要讓這議題成為外交政策的重點的時候?
06:32
MA: From some people.
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MA:是有一些人反對
06:34
I think that they thought that it was a soft issue.
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我覺得因為他們覺得這是個軟性議題
06:37
The bottom line that I decided
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但我的原則是
06:39
was actually women's issues are the hardest issues,
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我覺得女性議題是最困難的議題
06:42
because they are the ones that have to do with life and death
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因為女性會直接面對攸關生死的重大事件
06:45
in so many aspects,
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在很多層面上
06:47
and because, as I said,
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因為,如同我說過的
06:49
it is really central to the way that we think about things.
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在我們考慮很多事情時,這議題往往都是重點
06:52
Now for instance,
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例如
06:54
some of the wars that took place
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曾經發生過的一些戰爭
06:56
when I was in office,
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當我還是國務卿的時候
06:58
a lot of them, the women were the main victims of it.
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很多戰亂中,女性都是主要的受害者
07:01
For instance, when I started,
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例如
07:03
there were wars in the Balkans.
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在巴爾幹半島有場戰爭
07:06
The women in Bosnia were being raped.
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在波斯尼亞的婦女被強暴
07:09
We then managed to set up a war crimes tribunal
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然後我們設法建立一個戰爭罪行的法庭
07:12
to deal specifically with those kinds of issues.
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專門處理這些問題
07:15
And by the way, one of the things that I did at that stage
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對了,我在那時候還做了一件事
07:18
was, I had just arrived at the U.N.,
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我去聯合國的時候
07:21
and when I was there, there were 183 countries in the U.N.
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那時候聯合國的成員國有183個國家
07:24
Now there are 192.
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現在有192個國家
07:26
But it was one of the first times that I didn't have to cook lunch myself.
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那是我第一次沒有自己做午飯
07:29
So I said to my assistant,
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我跟我助理說
07:31
"Invite the other women permanent representatives."
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"去邀請其他女性的常駐代表"
07:34
And I thought when I'd get to my apartment
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我原本以為我回到我公寓的時候
07:36
that there'd be a lot of women there.
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會有很多女性朋友在那裏
07:38
I get there, and there are six other women, out of 183.
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但我回去的時候,只有6位,183個成員國裡只有6位
07:41
So the countries that had women representatives
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那些是女性代表的國家是
07:44
were Canada, Kazakhstan, Philippines,
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加拿大、哈薩克、菲律賓
07:46
Trinidad Tobago, Jamaica,
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千里達、牙買加
07:48
Lichtenstein and me.
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列支敦士登公國和我們美國
07:51
So being an American, I decided to set up a caucus.
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然後身為美國人,我決定成立一個核心小組
07:54
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
07:56
And so we set it up,
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所以我們真的組了這個小組
07:58
and we called ourselves the G7.
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我們叫自己G7
08:00
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
08:02
PM: Is that "Girl 7?" MA: Girl 7.
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PM:是女生七人組(girl seven)嗎?(MA:對,女生七人組)
08:04
And we lobbied
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MA:我們試著遊說
08:06
on behalf of women's issues.
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這些女性議題
08:08
So we managed to get two women judges
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我們企圖要有兩位女性法官
08:11
on this war crimes tribunal.
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在戰爭罪行的法庭參與審判
08:13
And then what happened
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後來
08:15
was that they were able to declare that rape was a weapon of war,
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他們可以宣布強暴也是一種戰爭的武器
08:18
that it was against humanity.
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而且違反人性
08:20
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
08:25
PM: So when you look around the world
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PM:所以當你環顧世界
08:27
and you see that, in many cases --
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你看到,在許多情況下
08:29
certainly in the Western world --
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當然在西方世界
08:31
women are evolving into more leadership positions,
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女性可以獲得更多的領導職務
08:34
and even other places
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在其他地方
08:36
some barriers are being brought down,
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某些限制也慢慢解除了
08:39
but there's still so much violence,
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但還是有很多地方充滿暴力
08:42
still so many problems,
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充斥許多問題
08:44
and yet we hear there are more women
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但我們還沒有很多人
08:46
at the negotiating tables.
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可以在談判桌上發聲
08:48
Now you were at those negotiating tables
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現在,你在談判桌上
08:50
when they weren't, when there was maybe you --
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當時沒有,也許你當時有
08:53
one voice, maybe one or two others.
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也許只有一兩個人為這議題說話
08:55
Do you believe, and can you tell us why,
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你能否跟我們說,你是否相信
08:58
there is going to be a significant shift
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未來將會有很大的改變
09:01
in things like violence
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像是暴力問題
09:03
and peace and conflict and resolution
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和平和衝突,還有其他的解決方法
09:06
on a sustainable basis?
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能否在合理的基礎下做到?
09:08
MA: Well I do think, when there are more women,
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MA:我當然相信,如果有更多的女性朋友願意出力
09:11
that the tone of the conversation changes,
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還有談論的氣氛改變
09:15
and also the goals of the conversation change.
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以及談論的目標改變的話
09:18
But it doesn't mean that the whole world
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當然這不表示整個世界
09:20
would be a lot better
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都會變好
09:22
if it were totally run by women.
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當然不會全部由女性主導一切的工作
09:24
If you think that, you've forgotten high school.
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如果你有那樣的想法,你大概忘了高中是什麼樣子
09:27
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
09:30
But the bottom line
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但原則是
09:32
is that there is a way,
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總是會有辦法的
09:34
when there are more women at the table,
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當有更多女性能出現在談判桌上
09:37
that there's an attempt
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那就是一個機會
09:39
to develop some understanding.
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可以增進男性對這方面議題的了解
09:41
So for instance, what I did when I went to Burundi,
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像是當我在蒲隆地
09:44
we'd got Tutsi and Hutu women together
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我們找了圖西族和胡圖族的婦女一起
09:47
to talk about some of the problems
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談論一些問題
09:49
that had taken place in Rwanda.
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是發生在盧安達的
09:51
And so I think the capability of women
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所以,我覺得女性
09:54
to put themselves --
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有能力有所作為
09:56
I think we're better about putting ourselves into the other guy's shoes
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我認為我們將能夠從別人的角度去看事情
09:59
and having more empathy.
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並有更多的同理心
10:01
I think it helps in terms of the support
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我認為這有助於這方面的支持
10:04
if there are other women in the room.
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如果當時有其他的女性參與會議的話
10:06
When I was Secretary of State,
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當我還是國務卿的時候
10:08
there were only 13 other women foreign ministers.
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只有13個國家是女性擔任外交大臣
10:11
And so it was nice when one of them would show up.
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因此,當其中一個人能夠出席會議是很好的
10:14
For instance, she is now the president of Finland,
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例如,其中一位她現在是芬蘭總統
10:17
but Tarja Halonen was the foreign minister of Finland
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但Tarja Halonen當時是芬蘭的外交大臣
10:20
and, at a certain stage, head of the European Union.
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也同時是歐盟的主席
10:23
And it was really terrific.
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那是相當了不起的
10:25
Because one of the things I think you'll understand.
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我說個例子我想你們應該可以了解
10:27
We went to a meeting,
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我們出席會議
10:29
and the men in my delegation,
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在我的代表團裡的男性代表
10:31
when I would say, "Well I feel we should do something about this,"
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當我說"我覺得我應該針對這事情做些什麼"
10:34
and they'd say, "What do you mean, you feel?"
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然後他們問"你說你覺得是什麼意思?"
10:37
And so then Tarja was sitting across the table from me.
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然後Tarja坐在我對面的位子上
10:40
And all of a sudden we were talking about arms control,
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當我們在談論武器控管的問題時
10:43
and she said, "Well I feel we should do this."
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她說"我覺得我們應該這樣做"
10:45
And my male colleagues kind of got it all of a sudden.
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然後我的男同事們突然就了解那是什麼意思了
10:48
But I think it really does help
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當然我覺得這很有幫助
10:50
to have a critical mass of women
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有一位有地位的女性
10:53
in a series of foreign policy positions.
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參與一系列的外交政策的會議
10:56
The other thing that I think is really important:
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其他我認為也很重要的是
10:59
A lot of national security policy
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很多國家安全政策
11:01
isn't just about foreign policy,
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不只是外交政策
11:03
but it's about budgets, military budgets,
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是有關預算,軍事預算
11:06
and how the debts of countries work out.
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以及如何制定出國債
11:09
So if you have women
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如果有女性
11:11
in a variety of foreign policy posts,
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擔任各種外交政策的職位
11:14
they can support each other
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他們能互相支持
11:16
when there are budget decisions being made in their own countries.
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當他們自己的國家在作出預算編列的決定
11:19
PM: So how do we get
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PM:那我們要如何
11:21
this balance we're looking for, then, in the world?
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在這個世界做到這樣的平衡?
11:24
More women's voices at the table?
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讓更多的女性參與會議?
11:26
More men who believe
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讓更多的男性認同
11:28
that the balance is best?
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男女平等是最好的狀態?
11:30
MA: Well I think one of the things --
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MA:事情是這樣
11:32
I'm chairman of the board of an organization
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我是一個機構的董事長
11:34
called the National Democratic Institute
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那個機構是國際民主研究所
11:36
that works to support women candidates.
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我們做的事情是支持女性候選人
11:39
I think that we need
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我認為我們需要
11:41
to help in other countries
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幫助其他國家
11:43
to train women
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去訓練女性
11:45
to be in political office,
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爭取政治上的地位
11:47
to figure out how they can in fact
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讓他們了解他們能做的事情
11:49
develop political voices.
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增進他們在政治上的力量
11:51
I think we also need to be supportive
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我想我們還需要支持
11:54
when businesses are being created
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他們設立企業
11:57
and just make sure that women help each other.
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確保女性會互相幫助彼此
11:59
Now I have a saying
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我現在要說
12:01
that I feel very strongly about,
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我很強烈的感覺到
12:03
because I am of a certain age
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因為我已經到了這個年紀
12:05
where, when I started in my career,
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當我開始我的職業生涯
12:07
believe it or not, there were other women who criticized me:
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你們知道嗎,也是有其他的女性朋友批評我
12:10
"Why aren't you in the carpool line?"
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"妳為什麼不和別人共同擔任這份工作?"
12:13
or "Aren't your children suffering
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或是"你的小孩一定很辛苦
12:15
because you're not there all the time?"
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因為你都不在他們的身邊"
12:17
And I think we have a tendency to make each other feel guilty.
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我認為我們有一種想讓別人感到內疚傾向
12:20
In fact, I think "guilt" is every woman's middle name.
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其實我覺得“內疚”存在每個女人的個性裡
12:24
And so I think what needs to happen
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所以我認為
12:26
is we need to help each other.
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我們需要互相幫助
12:29
And my motto is that there's a special place in hell
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而我的座右銘是在地獄裡有一個特殊的地方
12:31
for women who don't help each other.
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是留給那些不願幫助其他女性朋友的女人
12:34
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
12:42
PM: Well Secretary Albright, I guess you'll be going to heaven.
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PM:恩,國務卿Albright女士,你一定會上天堂的
12:46
Thank you for joining us today.
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謝謝你今天來參加我們的活動
12:48
MA: Thank you all. Thanks Pat.
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MA:謝謝各位。謝謝你Pat。
12:51
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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