Robert Hammond: Building a park in the sky

86,812 views ・ 2011-07-01

TED


請雙擊下方英文字幕播放視頻。

譯者: I-Hsiang Lin 審譯者: Jenny Yang
00:15
The Highline
0
15260
2000
高線
00:17
is an old, elevated rail line
1
17260
2000
是一條年代悠久的高架鐵路軌道,
00:19
that runs for a mile and a half right through Manhattan.
2
19260
3000
其路線穿越曼哈頓1.5哩。
00:22
And it was originally a freight line
3
22260
2000
這原本是一條用來運載貨物的鐵路,
00:24
that ran down 10th Ave.
4
24260
3000
鐵路路線順沿第十大道。
00:27
And it became known as "Death Avenue"
5
27260
2000
於是第十大道變成"死亡大道"。
00:29
because so many people were run over by the trains
6
29260
2000
因為很多人被火車輾過,
00:31
that the railroad hired a guy on horseback to run in front,
7
31260
3000
鐵路局雇用一位職員騎馬跑在火車前面揮旗開道,
00:34
and he became known as the "West Side Cowboy."
8
34260
2000
他是著名的"西側牛仔"。
00:36
But even with a cowboy,
9
36260
2000
但即使有了牛仔,
00:38
about one person a month
10
38260
2000
大約每個月有一個人
00:40
was killed and run over.
11
40260
2000
因被火車輾過致死。
00:42
So they elevated it.
12
42260
2000
所以鐵路局決定架高鐵路。
00:44
They built it 30 ft. in the air, right through the middle of the city.
13
44260
3000
他們在空中30呎高處建造鐵路,穿越市中心。
00:47
But with the rise of interstate trucking,
14
47260
2000
但也因為跨州運輸量提高,
00:49
it was used less and less.
15
49260
2000
鐵路使用率逐漸降低。
00:51
And by 1980, the last train rode.
16
51260
3000
最後一班火車行駛於1980年。
00:54
It was a train loaded with frozen turkeys -- they say, at Thanksgiving --
17
54260
2000
當時正值感恩節,據說火車上裝載著
00:56
from the meatpacking district.
18
56260
2000
來自肉品工業區的冷凍火雞。
00:58
And then it was abandoned.
19
58260
2000
之後鐵路就廢棄了。
01:00
And I live in the neighborhood,
20
60260
2000
我就住在附近,
01:02
and I first read about it in the New York Times,
21
62260
2000
最初在紐約時報看到報導,
01:04
in an article that said it was going to be demolished.
22
64260
3000
文章指出鐵路即將被拆除。
01:07
And I assumed someone was working
23
67260
2000
我以為有人正著手計畫
01:09
to preserve it or save it
24
69260
2000
要維護,保存鐵路。
01:11
and I could volunteer,
25
71260
2000
那我就能自告奮勇加入,
01:13
but I realized no one was doing anything.
26
73260
2000
但我發現沒有人採取任何行動。
01:15
I went to my first community board meeting --
27
75260
2000
於是我第一次參與社區委員會會議
01:17
which I'd never been to one before --
28
77260
3000
--我以前從沒有到場過--
01:20
and sat next to another guy named Joshua David,
29
80260
2000
我坐在Joshua David旁邊,
01:22
who's a travel writer.
30
82260
2000
他是位旅遊作家。
01:24
And at the end of the meeting, we realized
31
84260
2000
到會議快結束的時候,
01:26
we were the only two people that were sort of interested in the project;
32
86260
2000
我們意識到我們是唯一對此企劃感到有興趣的人,
01:28
most people wanted to tear it down.
33
88260
2000
大部分人想要拆除鐵路。
01:30
So we exchanged business cards,
34
90260
2000
於是我們交換名片,
01:32
and we kept calling each other
35
92260
2000
持續保持聯絡,
01:34
and decided to start this organization,
36
94260
2000
且決定要創立這個組織:
01:36
Friends of the High Line.
37
96260
2000
高線的朋友。
01:38
And the goal at first
38
98260
2000
最初的目標
01:40
was just saving it from demolition,
39
100260
2000
只是要保存它不被拆除,
01:42
but then we also wanted to figure out what we could do with it.
40
102260
3000
但接著我們也想釐清該如何使用它。
01:45
And what first attracted me, or interested me,
41
105260
2000
剛開始吸引我,或說是讓我感到興趣的,
01:47
was this view from the street --
42
107260
2000
是從街上觀看的景色--
01:49
which is this steel structure,
43
109260
2000
鋼鐵結構,
01:51
sort of rusty,
44
111260
2000
有點生鏽的
01:53
this industrial relic.
45
113260
2000
工業化的廢墟。
01:55
But when I went up on top,
46
115260
2000
但當我走到鐵軌上,
01:57
it was a mile and a half of wildflowers
47
117260
2000
看到的是一哩半長的野花
01:59
running right through the middle of Manhattan
48
119260
3000
遍佈於曼哈頓城中,
02:02
with views of the Empire State Building
49
122260
2000
還可看到帝國大廈,
02:04
and the Statue of Liberty and the Hudson River.
50
124260
2000
自由女神像和哈德遜河。
02:06
And that's really where we started,
51
126260
2000
那才是我們真正的開始。
02:08
the idea coalesced around, let's make this a park,
52
128260
3000
這想法四處結合成長,讓我們造一座公園,
02:11
and let's have it be sort of inspired
53
131260
2000
讓這野生景色激發靈感,
02:13
by this wildscape.
54
133260
3000
促使公園生成。
02:16
At the time, there was a lot of opposition.
55
136260
2000
同時,也有很多反對聲浪,
02:18
Mayor Giuliani wanted to tear it down.
56
138260
2000
Giuliani市長要拆除它。
02:20
I'm going to fast-forward through a lot of lawsuits
57
140260
2000
我在此略過一連串訴訟
02:22
and a lot of community engagement.
58
142260
3000
和社區聚會的細節。
02:25
Mayor Bloomberg came in office, he was very supportive,
59
145260
3000
接著Bloomberg市長就任,他給予高度支持,
02:28
but we still had to make the economic case.
60
148260
2000
但我們必須提出預算。
02:30
This was after 9/11;
61
150260
2000
當時正是911事件發生後;
02:32
the city was in tough times.
62
152260
2000
這城市處於艱難時期。
02:34
So we commissioned an economic feasibility study
63
154260
2000
於是我們委外進行一項可行的預算研究,
02:36
to try to make the case.
64
156260
2000
試著達成計劃。
02:38
And it turns out, we got those numbers wrong.
65
158260
2000
結果顯示,我們估計錯誤。
02:40
We thought it would cost 100 million dollars to build.
66
160260
3000
當初預估的改造成本為一億美元。
02:43
So far it's cost about 150 million.
67
163260
3000
截至目前為止約一億五千萬美元。
02:46
And the main case was,
68
166260
2000
而提預算的重點是
02:48
this is going to make good economic sense for the city.
69
168260
2000
這將會帶給這城市良好的經濟影響。
02:50
So we said over a 20-year time period,
70
170260
3000
我們預估過了二十年後,
02:53
the value to the city in increased property values
71
173260
3000
這城市增加的房地產值
02:56
and increased taxes
72
176260
2000
和稅收的總值
02:58
would be about 250 million.
73
178260
2000
約為二億五千萬美元。
03:00
That was enough. It really got the city behind it.
74
180260
2000
當時這就足以讓這城市支持此計劃。
03:02
It turns out we were wrong on that.
75
182260
2000
結果顯示我們估計錯誤。
03:04
Now people estimate it's created about a half a billion dollars,
76
184260
3000
現在人們預估這已經創造約五億美元的價值,
03:07
or will create about a half a billion dollars,
77
187260
2000
或者將創造約五億美元的價值,
03:09
in tax revenues for the city.
78
189260
2000
這指的是城市稅收部份。
03:11
We did a design competition,
79
191260
2000
我們舉辦一個設計比賽,
03:13
selected a design team.
80
193260
2000
選出一個設計團隊。
03:15
We worked with them to really create a design
81
195260
2000
我們和此團隊合作,
03:17
that was inspired by that wildscape.
82
197260
3000
創造一個由野外景觀激發靈感的設計。
03:20
There's three sections.
83
200260
2000
公園總共分成三區。
03:22
We opened the fist section in 2009.
84
202260
2000
第一區於2009年對外開放。
03:24
It's been successful beyond our dreams.
85
204260
3000
結果比我們理想中還成功。
03:27
Last year we had about two million people,
86
207260
2000
去年參觀人數約兩百萬人,
03:29
which is about 10 times what we ever estimated.
87
209260
3000
是我們預估的十倍左右。
03:32
This is one of my favorite features in section one.
88
212260
3000
這是第一區中我最喜愛的景致之一。
03:35
It's this amphitheater right over 10th Ave.
89
215260
3000
在第十大道正上方的圓形露天劇場。
03:38
And the first section ends at 20th St. right now.
90
218260
3000
目前第一區的終點在第20街。
03:41
The other thing, it's generated, obviously, a lot of economic value;
91
221260
3000
此外,顯然公園創造很多經濟價值;
03:44
it's also inspired, I think, a lot of great architecture.
92
224260
3000
我想,它也給予很多很棒的建築靈感。
03:47
There's a point, you can stand here
93
227260
2000
你可以站在站裡,
03:49
and see buildings by Frank Gehry,
94
229260
2000
觀賞Frank Gehry,
03:51
Jean Nouvel, Shigeru Ban,
95
231260
2000
Jean Nouvel, Shigeru Ban,
03:53
Neil Denari.
96
233260
2000
和Neil Denari設計的建築。
03:55
And the Whitney is moving downtown
97
235260
3000
而且惠特尼美國藝術博物館也要遷移到城中,
03:58
and is building their new museum right at the base of the High Line.
98
238260
3000
在高線基地旁蓋新的博物館。
04:01
And this has been designed by Renzo Piano.
99
241260
2000
博物館由Renzo Piano設計。
04:03
And they're going to break ground in May.
100
243260
3000
在2011年5月動土開工。
04:06
And we've already started construction on section two.
101
246260
2000
我們也已經開始建造第二區。
04:08
This is one of my favorite features,
102
248260
2000
這是我最愛的景致之一,
04:10
this flyover where you're eight feet
103
250260
2000
這坐天橋位在高線上方
04:12
off the surface of the High Line,
104
252260
2000
八呎的空中,
04:14
running through a canopy of trees.
105
254260
2000
穿梭樹冠層間。
04:16
The High Line used to be covered in billboards,
106
256260
3000
高線過去曾被廣告牌圍繞,
04:19
and so we've taken a playful take
107
259260
2000
所以我們採用另一個好玩的觀點,
04:21
where, instead of framing advertisements,
108
261260
2000
過去用來展示廣告的框架,
04:23
it's going to frame people in views of the city.
109
263260
3000
將呈現城市中人們的風貌。
04:26
This was just installed last month.
110
266260
3000
上個月才剛完成安裝。
04:29
And then the last section was going to go around the rail yards,
111
269260
3000
至於最後環繞鐵路場這區,
04:32
which is the largest undeveloped site
112
272260
2000
是曼哈頓裡
04:34
in Manhattan.
113
274260
2000
最大的未開發區。
04:36
And the city has planned -- for better or for worse --
114
276260
3000
這城市規劃了--不論是好是歹--
04:39
12 million square-feet of development
115
279260
2000
將促進發展高線環繞的
04:41
that the High Line is going to ring around.
116
281260
2000
一千兩百萬平方米的區域。
04:43
But what really, I think, makes the High Line special
117
283260
2000
但我認為,真的使高線特別的
04:45
is the people.
118
285260
2000
是人們。
04:47
And honestly, even though I love the designs that we were building,
119
287260
3000
說實話,即使我喜愛我們當時正在建造的設計,
04:50
I was always frightened that I wouldn't really love it,
120
290260
3000
我總是害怕我不會真的喜歡改造後的成果,
04:53
because I fell in love with that wildscape --
121
293260
2000
因為我早已被原本的野生景觀所吸引--
04:55
and how could you recreate that magic?
122
295260
2000
你要如何再次創造這種魔力?
04:57
But what I found
123
297260
2000
但我發現
04:59
is it's in the people and how they use it
124
299260
2000
是人們和人們如何使用它,
05:01
that, to me, makes it so special.
125
301260
2000
對我而言,這就是高線的特別之處。
05:03
Just one quick example
126
303260
2000
舉個簡單的例子,
05:05
is I realized right after we opened
127
305260
2000
我發現就在開放之後
05:07
that there were all these people holding hands on the High Line.
128
307260
3000
很多人在高線上牽著手。
05:10
And I realized New Yorkers don't hold hands;
129
310260
3000
而我知道紐約客不牽手的,
05:13
we just don't do that outside.
130
313260
3000
我們就是不在外面做這種舉動。
05:16
But you see that happening on the High Line,
131
316260
2000
但是你在高線上看到它發生,
05:18
and I think that's the power
132
318260
2000
我想這就是一種力量,
05:20
that public space can have
133
320260
2000
公共空間可以
05:22
to transform how people experience their city
134
322260
2000
改變人們體驗城市的方式,
05:24
and interact with each other.
135
324260
2000
且和城市互動。
05:26
Thanks.
136
326260
2000
謝謝。
05:28
(Applause)
137
328260
7000
(掌聲)
關於本網站

本網站將向您介紹對學習英語有用的 YouTube 視頻。 您將看到來自世界各地的一流教師教授的英語課程。 雙擊每個視頻頁面上顯示的英文字幕,從那裡播放視頻。 字幕與視頻播放同步滾動。 如果您有任何意見或要求,請使用此聯繫表與我們聯繫。

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7