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譯者: Gang Hu
審譯者: Yanyan Hong
00:12
Last year ...
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去年
00:14
was hell.
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糟透了。
00:15
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
00:20
It was my first time eating
Nigerian "jollof."
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我第一次品嘗了
奈及利亞的辣味大鍋飯。
00:23
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
00:26
Actually, in all seriousness,
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實際上,嚴肅地說,
00:29
I was going through a lot
of personal turmoil.
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我經歷了太多的個人的困境。
00:33
Faced with enormous stress,
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面對大量的壓力,
00:35
I suffered an anxiety attack.
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我感覺很焦慮。
00:38
On some days, I could do no work.
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有時候,我無法工作。
00:42
On other days,
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有時候,
00:44
I just wanted to lay in my bed and cry.
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我甚至只想躺在床上哭泣。
00:48
My doctor asked if I'd like to speak
with a mental health professional
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我的醫生問我是否願意
見一下心理健康專家,
00:53
about my stress and anxiety.
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談談我的壓力和焦慮。
00:56
Mental health?
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心理健康?
00:58
I clammed up and violently
shook my head in protest.
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我閉上嘴,瘋狂地搖頭以示抗議。
01:05
I felt a profound sense of a shame.
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一股深深的羞恥感襲上心頭。
01:10
I felt the weight of stigma.
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沉重的羞恥。
01:14
I have a loving, supportive family
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我有一個充滿愛和支持的家庭,
01:17
and incredibly loyal friends,
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我有一群無比忠誠的朋友,
01:19
yet I could not entertain
the idea of speaking to anyone
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然而我不能接受這樣的想法:
01:24
about my feeling of pain.
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與別人談談我痛苦的情感。
01:27
I felt suffocated
by the rigid architecture
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我們非洲對於男子氣概嚴格的觀點
01:32
of our African masculinity.
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都要讓我窒息了。
01:35
"People have real problems, Sangu.
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「人們都有現實的問題,桑谷,
01:37
Get over yourself!"
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你得戰勝自己!」
01:40
The first time I heard "mental health,"
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我第一次聽說「心理健康」時,
01:43
I was a boarding school student
fresh off the boat from Ghana,
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我還是來自迦納的一名寄宿新生,
01:47
at the Peddie School in New Jersey.
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就讀於紐澤西州的佩蒂中學。
01:50
I had just gone through
the brutal experience
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我剛剛經歷了一個月內失去
01:54
of losing seven loved ones
in the same month.
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7 個親人的殘酷事實。
01:58
The school nurse,
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學校的護士
01:59
concerned about what I'd gone
through -- God bless her soul --
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關心我的經歷──上帝保佑她──
02:03
she inquired about my mental health.
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她詢問我的心理健康狀況。
02:07
"Is she mental?" I thought.
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「她心理不正常嗎?」我想。
02:10
Does she not know I'm an African man?
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她不知道我是非洲男人嗎?
02:12
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
02:13
Like Okonkwo in "Things Fall Apart,"
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就像《生命中不可承受之重》
裡的奧康渥,
02:15
we African men neither process
nor express our emotions.
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我們非洲男人既不處理
也不表達自己的感情。
02:20
We deal with our problems.
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我們解決自己的問題。
02:22
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
02:25
We deal with our problems.
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我們解決自己的問題。
02:27
I called my brother and laughed
about "Oyibo" people -- white people --
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我打電話給我的哥哥,嘲笑白人,
02:31
and their strange diseases --
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和他們奇怪的疾病,
02:33
depression, ADD and those "weird things."
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比如憂鬱症、注意力缺乏症候群
這些奇怪的東西。
02:38
Growing up in West Africa,
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身為在西非長大的人,
02:40
when people used the term "mental,"
what came to mind was a madman
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提到「心理」這個名詞時,
進入腦海的是一個瘋子,
02:44
with dirty, dread-locked hair,
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頂著看起來髒兮兮的「髒辮頭」,
半裸著身體在街上搖搖晃晃。
02:47
bumbling around half-naked on the streets.
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02:50
We all know this man.
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我們都認識這個人。
02:52
Our parents warned us about him.
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我們的父母用他來警告過我們。
02:55
"Mommy, mommy, why is he mad?"
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「媽媽,媽媽,他為什麼瘋了?」
02:57
"Drugs!
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「毒品!
02:58
If you even look at drugs,
you end up like him."
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就算你只看了一眼毒品,
下場也會和他一樣。」
03:00
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
03:02
Come down with pneumonia,
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如果得了肺炎,
03:04
and your mother will rush you
to the nearest hospital
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媽媽會帶你到最近的醫院治療。
03:07
for medical treatment.
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03:09
But dare to declare depression,
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但是,如果聲稱得了憂鬱症,
03:13
and your local pastor
will be driving out demons
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當地的牧師將會驅趕惡魔,
03:16
and blaming witches in your village.
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並且責備村子裡的女巫。
03:19
According to the World
Health Organization,
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根據世界衛生組織,
03:22
mental health is about being able to cope
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心理健康是指能夠處理
03:25
with the normal stressors of life;
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生活中的正常壓力的能力;
03:27
to work productively and fruitfully;
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高效流暢地工作;
03:31
and to be able to make
a contribution to your community.
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能對社區做出貢獻。
03:35
Mental health includes our emotional,
psychological and social well-being.
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心理健康包涵我們的情感、
心理和社會福祉。
03:42
Globally, 75 percent
of all mental illness cases
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全球所有心理疾病案例中的 75%
03:47
can be found in low-income countries.
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都能在低收入國家中發現。
03:50
Yet most African governments
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但是絕大多數非洲政府
03:51
invest less than one percent
of their health care budget
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僅將其健康預算中不到 1% 的錢
03:56
in mental health.
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投入到心理健康。
03:58
Even worse,
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更糟糕的是,
03:59
we have a severe shortage
of psychiatrists in Africa.
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非洲的精神病醫生嚴重短缺。
04:04
Nigeria, for example,
is estimated to have 200 --
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比如,奈及利亞,
一個兩億人口的國家,
04:09
in a country of almost 200 million.
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只有 200 名精神病醫生。
04:14
In all of Africa,
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整個非洲,
04:15
90 percent of our people
lack access to treatment.
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90% 的人缺乏治療。
04:20
As a result,
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結果是,
04:22
we suffer in solitude,
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我們孤獨地忍受著,
04:25
silenced by stigma.
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羞恥地沉默著。
04:29
We as Africans often respond
to mental health with distance,
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我們非洲人對心理健康的
回應是距離、
04:34
ignorance,
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無知、
04:36
guilt,
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內疚、
04:37
fear
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恐懼
04:39
and anger.
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和憤怒。
04:42
In a study conducted by Arboleda-Flórez,
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在阿爾博萊達德—弗洛雷斯
指導的一項研究中,
04:46
directly asking, "What is the cause
of mental illness?"
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他直接問道:
「心理疾病的起因是什麼?」
04:51
34 percent of Nigerian respondents
cited drug misuse;
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34% 的奈及利亞人
認為是濫用毒品;
04:58
19 percent said divine wrath
and the will of God --
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19% 的人歸因於
神的憤怒和上帝的旨意。
05:03
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
05:05
12 percent,
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12% 的人則認為是
05:07
witchcraft and spiritual possession.
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巫術和邪靈附身。
05:11
But few cited other known
causes of mental illness,
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但很少有人舉出
已知的精神疾病成因。
05:16
like genetics,
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例如遺傳、
05:17
socioeconomic status,
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社會經濟狀況、
05:19
war,
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戰爭、
05:21
conflict
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衝突,
05:22
or the loss of a loved one.
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或者失去親人。
05:25
The stigmatization against mental illness
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對心理疾病的污名化
05:28
often results in the ostracizing
and demonizing of sufferers.
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常常導致對患者的排斥和妖魔化。
05:34
Photojournalist Robin Hammond
has documented some of these abuses ...
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攝影記者羅賓哈蒙德
已經記錄下了這些行為。
05:38
in Uganda,
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在烏干達,
05:40
in Somalia,
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在索馬里,
05:43
and here in Nigeria.
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以及這裡,奈及利亞。
05:47
For me,
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對我而言,
05:49
the stigma is personal.
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汙名化是親身的經歷。
05:53
In 2009,
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在 2009年,
05:56
I received a frantic call
in the middle of the night.
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半夜我接到了一通瘋狂的電話,
06:01
My best friend in the world --
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我最好的朋友,
06:03
a brilliant, philosophical,
charming, hip young man --
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一個才華橫溢、明哲、
迷人、時髦的小伙子,
06:08
was diagnosed with schizophrenia.
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被診斷為精神分裂症。
06:12
I witnessed some of the friends
we'd grown up with recoil.
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我親眼目睹了一些
一起長大的朋友的做法。
06:19
I heard the snickers.
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我聽到了竊笑。
06:21
I heard the whispers.
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我聽到了竊竊私語。
06:24
"Did you hear he has gone mad?"
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「你聽說他瘋了的事嗎?」
06:27
(Kru English) "He has gone crazy!"
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「他開始發飆了!」
06:29
Derogatory, demeaning commentary
about his condition --
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關於他的狀況的
那些貶低、貶損的評論,
那些詞,從來不會
用於某個患了癌症的人,
06:34
words we would never say
about someone with cancer
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或者某個得了痢疾的人。
06:38
or someone with malaria.
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06:40
Somehow, when it comes to mental illness,
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不知什麼原因,一談到心理疾病,
06:44
our ignorance eviscerates all empathy.
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我們的無知就將
所有的同情剔除乾淨。
06:48
I stood by his side
as his community isolated him,
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當他被社區隔離時,
我站在他的旁邊,
06:53
but our love never wavered.
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但我們的愛從未動搖。
06:57
Tacitly, I became passionate
about mental health.
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默默地,我開始關注心理健康。
07:01
Inspired by his plight,
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受到他的困境的啟發,
07:04
I helped found the mental health
special interest alumni group
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我在學校發現了一個心理健康
07:07
at my college.
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特別興趣校友小組。
07:09
And during my tenure as a resident
tutor in graduate school,
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在我擔任研究生宿舍導師期間,
07:12
I supported many undergraduates
with their mental health challenges.
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我幫助了很多面臨
心理健康調整的大學生。
07:17
I saw African students struggle
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我發現非洲學生在掙扎,
07:19
and unable to speak to anyone.
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無法跟任何人溝通 。
07:22
Even with this knowledge
and with their stories in tow,
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即使帶著這些知識和他們的故事,
07:26
I, in turn, struggled,
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在面對我自己的焦慮時,
07:28
and could not speak to anyone
when I faced my own anxiety,
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我反而也在掙扎,
並且無法跟任何人溝通。
07:33
so deep is our fear of being the madman.
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所以深層次的原因
是我們害怕成為瘋子。
07:39
All of us --
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我們所有人──
07:41
but we Africans especially --
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特別是非洲人──
07:44
need to realize that our mental struggles
do not detract from our virility,
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要意識到我們的心理掙扎
並不會減損我們的力量,
07:50
nor does our trauma taint our strength.
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心理創傷也不會腐蝕我們的力量。
07:54
We need to see mental health
as important as physical health.
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我們要意識到心理健康
和身體健康一樣重要。
08:00
We need to stop suffering in silence.
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不要在沉默中忍受。
08:05
We must stop stigmatizing disease
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我們必須停止汙名化疾病,
08:09
and traumatizing the afflicted.
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停止傷害患者。
08:13
Talk to your friends.
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和你的朋友談談,
08:15
Talk to your loved ones.
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和你的親人談談,
08:18
Talk to health professionals.
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和健康專業人士談談,
08:21
Be vulnerable.
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弱勢一點,
08:23
Do so with the confidence
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邁開這一步,並且相信
08:26
that you are not alone.
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你並不是一個人。
08:30
Speak up if you're struggling.
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如果你還在掙扎,大聲說出來。
08:34
Being honest about how we feel
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誠實面對自己的感受
08:37
does not make us weak;
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並不會讓我們弱小;
08:40
it makes us human.
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反而使我們成為人。
08:43
It is time to end the stigma
associated with mental illness.
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是時候終止污名化心理疾病了。
08:48
So the next time your hear "mental,"
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所以,下一次,
當你聽到「心理」這個詞,
08:53
do not just think of the madman.
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不要僅僅想到瘋子,
08:56
Think of me.
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想想我。
08:57
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
08:59
Thank you.
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謝謝。
09:01
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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